This document summarizes municipal solid waste management in Malaysia. It discusses the increasing rate of waste generation and composition. Source separation and various bin types are used. Waste collection is the most expensive activity. Landfills were previously poorly managed but advanced sanitary landfills now include liners, gas and leachate systems. Management involves multiple government ministries and agencies, with local authorities responsible for decision making. Privatization of waste management began in the 1990s to improve services. Integrated approaches aim to minimize and recycle waste according to an internationally accepted waste management hierarchy.
1. MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN
MALAYSIA:
SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
MUNIRAH MAZLAN (1090321)
NURUL IZYAN OTHMAN (1090323)
2. INTRODUCTION
• Rate of waste generation in Malaysia is
increasing due to :
a) Community activities – commercial,
institutional, industrial, markets.
b) Economic level of different sector – squatter,
low, medium and high class residential
areas.
c) Type of waste generator and land use
3. • Below are statistic by the government on solid waste
composition based on physical characteristic :
4. • In Malaysia, the handling and separation
of wastes at the source is a critical step in
waste management.
• Various type of bins used for storage the
waste:
a) Small bin – household
b) Medium bin – communal bin
c) Large bin – hauled communal
5. • Most expensive activity in waste
management system is waste collection
activities.
• Two type of cost waste collection :
a) Direct - All direct expenditure incurred in the
management of solid waste
b) Indirect – External cost incurred in practicing
existing waste management system.
6. • Efficiency of collection system give an
impact on level of MSWM services in an
area.
• Poor collection – affect public confidence
in the services.
• Public aware about the quality of
collection.
• The frequency of collection varies from
daily to three times per week.
• Usually in city centers, commercial areas
and public areas practiced everyday
collection.
7. • In Malaysia, we are practice direct haulage
from collection point without any intermediate
treatment.
• However, there is problem in getting suitable
land for disposal site.
• Thus, intermediate treatment facilities are
introduced.
• For example, transfer station, compositing
and incinerator plants.
• Government has considered the various
design and mode of incineration process
such as thermal gasification process.
8. • Waste disposal in Malaysia is totally to
landfill
• Landfill in Malaysia were in small scale
operations with varying levels of design
sophistication and majority were poorly
managed.
• Sanitary landfill is practiced by municipal
council and the total is very small.
• For example The Air Hitam Sanitary
Landfill.
10. • The advanced of the landfill should include:
a) Proper liner system
b) Proper gas ventilation system
c) Comprehensive leachate collection
system
• Generally, this paper focus on development of
the MSWM, integrated approach and further
planning.
12. • Malaysia is governed as a parliamentary democracy with
three tiers of government :
a) Federal Government
b) State Government
c) Local authority
• Under Federal Government, the administration of MSWM is
under the purview of Ministry of Housing and Local
Government.
• 2 unit in this ministry involved directly with MSWM which
are:
a) Local Government Department
b) Town and Country Planning Unit
• Roles of federal Government – as an advisory and
coordinating nature.
13. • National council of Local Government
provide consultation between the MHLG in
formulate of National Policies for the
promotion, development and control of
local authority.
• Prime Ministry Department also related to
MSWM.
• Several bodies in this department such as
EPU, cabinet division, JPA and etc.
14. • Agencies that involved indirectly are :
a) Ministry of Finance
b) Ministry of Health
c) Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
d) Ministry of Rural Development
e) Ministry of Public Work
f) Ministry of Agriculture
g) Ministry of Land and Regional Department
h) Ministry of Education
15. • In MSWM, the second tier in Malaysia
government, State Government is
responsibility to guide and assist Local
Authorities in strengthening their
institutional and financial capabilities for
MSWM.
• The third tier is Local Authorities – more
powerful tier.
16. • Local Authority role in make decision to
determine whether MSW collection is
implemented by local authority or private
contractor.
19. Action Plan for a Beautiful and Clean
Malaysia (ABC)
• MHLG produced ABC document in 1988.
• It discuss about the guidelines and the
procedures in implementing SWM
programme in Malaysia.
• There were 12 programmes outlined in the
ABC.
20. 1) Local authorities thought out the country should be strengthened
to be able to establish efficient and effective system of MSWM in
their areas.
2) A regional approach for MSWM should be encouraged, whenever
it is applicable to improve their economic and technical level.
3) All urban centers should prepare and implement MSWM plans
extending into the future including periodical revisions.
4) All MSWM generated in urban and semi-urban areas should be
collected and disposed of adequately in such a manner that would
not create public health, worker’s health and environmental
problems and would be technically and financially viable.
5) The generator of waste who is supported by the Rural
Environmental Programme of the MHLG should dispose of all
municipal solid waste generated in rural areas adequately.
6) Reduction of solid waste generation especially that of packaging
waste and household chemical waste should be encouraged
involving the procedures and distributors of consumer goods as
well as consumer themselves.
21. 7) MSW should be treated as resource and all efforts must be made to
recycle and recover most of the material that are presently burn and
buried.
8) MDSWM services should be self-financing and an appropriate user
charger or any other methods to attain the self-financial objective
should be imposed on beneficiaries of the service.
9) The private sector should be encouraged to be contractors for MSW
collection and disposal services. In addition, the national automobiles
industries and other related industries should be encouraged to
produce locally all the vehicles and the equipment necessary for
MSWM.
10) The public should be continuously educated on cleanliness and
resources recovery through health and environmental education,
cleanliness campaigns and strict enforcement of the anti-litter by laws.
11) Land for MSWM disposal should be identified ad reserved for the
purpose.
12) Research and development about MSWM should be strengthened to
cope with the ever-changing environment.
22. Privatisation of MSWM
• The privatisation of MSWM is to be done on
national scale.
• Aim – to improve the quality of service and to
promote efficiency and provide better facilities.
• Goals – To take over the municipalities’ function
in managing MSWM in an integrated National
MSWM system that will be managed by the
Federal Government.
23. Integrated MSWM
• The hierarchy of MSWM is an internationally
accepted and practiced concept in many
countries.
• Under full privatisation or concession periods,
contractor will roughly try to match the hierarchy
of MSWM starting with waste minimisation,
waste separation and recycling and waste
processing.
• This integrated strategy requires participant at all
levels.
25. • In October 1994, Malaysia Government initiated the privatisation of
country’s waste management.
• It was part of the vision 2020 initiative which focuses on having the
country evolve into a fully industrialized nation by year 2020.
• HICOM Environmental Berhad is a joint partnership – prepared a
waste management privatisation proposal to Malaysia’s
government.
• In 1996, four consortium success in obtaining a 20 years
privatisation contract :
a) HICOM Environmental Berhad (Kuala Lumpur, Selangor,
Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan).
b) Southern Waste Management Sdn. Bhd. (Johor, Negeri
Sembilan, Melaka).
c) Northen Waste Management Sdn. Bhd. (Perak, Kedah,
Penang, Perlis)
d) Eastern Waste Management Sdn. Bhd. (Sabah, Sarawak)
26. • The concession need to develop their own
technologies and methods.
• The World Bank found that privatisation :
a) Enhances efficiency
b) More closely supervised
c) Regulated privatised agencies were
more efficient that those operated at a
bureaucratic distance.
