1. Teaching and Learning with Technology
Theoretical Foundations
Chapter 1
Teaching and Learning with Technology

2. What is Educational Technology?
• Educational technology is any technology
used by educators in support of the teaching
and learning process
• Educators study educational technology in
order to have a sound foundation in the
technologies needed to teach
• NETS-T standards articulate what teachers
and students should know about technology
Teaching and Learning with Technology

3. Educational Technology & Instruction
• Educational technologies are the tools
teachers use to create an effective
instructional event
• An instructional event includes all activities
that promote the transfer of knowledge and/or
skills in the learning environment
• The learning environment includes the
physical and non-physical aspects of the area
in which the instructional event takes place
Teaching and Learning with Technology

4. About Learning
• A variety of theories explain how people learn
• Each theory offers a different perspective on
learning
• Some theories may be contradictory
• Each teacher must personally decide which
theory he or she agrees with
Teaching and Learning with Technology

5. Learning Theories
Learning as Communication
• Knowledge is transferred by sending a
message from sender to receiver
• Receiver then returns feedback to sender
• Sender receives feedback
• All messages are impacted by variables that
may alter the pure meaning of the intended
message
Teaching and Learning with Technology

6. Learning Theories
Factors Affecting Learning
Psychological
Factors
Personal
Environmental Filters
Factors
Teaching and Learning with Technology

7. Learning Theories
Environmental Factors
• Any factor in the environment that may cause
a learner to lose focus
• Environmental conditions can block
communications
• Lighting, movement, temperature may all
interfere with communications
Teaching and Learning with Technology

8. Learning Theories
Psychological Factors
• Unique individual differences that define and
impact reception of communicated
information
• Emotional state may interfere with message
reception
• Learning styles (preferred sensory gateways)
may interfere with transmission
Teaching and Learning with Technology

9. Learning Theories
Personal Filters
• Individual’s values, heritage, and belief
system that may alter intended messages
• May include attitudes, cultural
differences, and opinions
• Filters are present in both sender and
receiver
Teaching and Learning with Technology

10. Learning Theories
Behaviorists
• All behavior is a response to external stimuli
• Students learn (acquire behaviors, skills and
knowledge) in response to rewards and
punishments
• Learning is a passive response to the
environment
Teaching and Learning with Technology

11. Learning Theories
Cognitivists
• Focus is on learning as a mental operation
• Information enters through senses, is
mentally manipulated, stored and used
• Learning is explained in terms of how one
thinks
• Believe learning is more complex than simple
behavioristic responses
Teaching and Learning with Technology

12. Learning Theory
Constructivists
• Knowledge is constructed as a result of the
learning process and is unique to the person
who constructs it
• Learning happens when knowledge is
assimilated or accommodated (Piaget)
• Knowledge may be constructed best in a
social context
Teaching and Learning with Technology

13. The Learner
Cognitive Styles
• The manner in which one thinks and
interprets the environment
• Myers-Briggs helps to determine cognitive
preferences
• Understanding cognitive styles helps
teachers create a supportive instructional
environment
Teaching and Learning with Technology

14. The Learner
Learning Styles
• Conditions under which one learns best
• Relates to individual sensory dominance
• Auditory learners learn best by listening
• Visual learners learn best by seeing
• Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by
doing and touching
Teaching and Learning with Technology

15. The Learner
Intelligence
• Inherent capabilities to learn and understand
• Standford-Binet IQ tests emphasize verbal
and mathematical abilities
• Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence theory
suggests everyone has some degree of each
of nine types of intelligence
Teaching and Learning with Technology

16. The Learner
Multiple Intelligences
• Verbal-Linguistic • Interpersonal
• Mathematical- • Intrapersonal
Logical • Naturalistic
• Musical • Existential
• Visual-Spatial
• Bodily-Kinesthetic
Teaching and Learning with Technology

17. Teaching and Learning
• Teaching is a systematic planned sequence
of events
• Teaching is a process that communication of
ideas and skills
• Teaching takes into account individual and
environmental factors related to the learner
• Skilled teachers are aware of learning
theories and learner characteristics that
impact the process
Teaching and Learning with Technology

18. Teaching and Learning
• Technology is a component of the teaching
and learning process
• Educational technology includes any
resource used to facilitate teaching and
learning
• This view of technology has been an
evolution consistent with the evolution of
learning theories
Teaching and Learning with Technology

19. Educational Technology
An Historical Overview
• The audio-visual movement began in the
early 1900s with the advent of movies
• Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in
the 1920s-1930s to support the wars
• Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s
Teaching and Learning with Technology

20. Educational Technology
An Historical Overview
• In the 1960s A-V was expanded to a broader
systems view
• By the 1970s educational technology was
redefined to include all types of learning
resources and systems
• With the advent of the computer in the
1980s, educational technology entered the
Digital Age
Teaching and Learning with Technology

21. Educational Technology
Today
• The systems view of educational technology
embraces all media and systems that support
the teaching and learning process
• Each teacher must decide how to best utilize
technology in support of his or her students
Teaching and Learning with Technology