motivation

3. The willingness to put forth effort in the
pursuit of organizational goals (MONDY)
Forces either internal or external to a
person that influence action to do
something

4. NEED
DRIVE
TENSION
BEHAVIOR
GOAL
REWARD

5. The Traditional Model
The Human Relations Model
The Human Resources Model

6. The three (3) theories are :
• Need theory or content theory
• Process theory
• Reinforcement theory

7. Contemporary
views of
motivation
Need theory /
content theory
Hierarchy of
human needs
Two factor
theory
Theory X & Y
Process
theory
Equity theory
Expectancy
theory
Reinforcement
theory

9. The study concluded that individuals work
satisfaction & dissatisfaction arise from two
different sets of factors
The factors were :
 Hygiene factor (dissatisfied)
 Satisfier factor (motivating)

10. Also known as the dissatisfier factor.
It is associated with the work setting of an
individual, often called job context.
Hygiene factor causes feelings of job
dissatisfaction
The determinants of job dissatisfaction
were found to be :
 Company policy
 Administrative policies
 Salary
 Working conditions

11. Also known as motivating factor
Satisfier factor causes feelings of
satisfaction.
The determinants of job satisfaction :
 Work itself
 Responsibility
 Achievement

12. The managerial implications associated
with the two factor theory are :
• Improvements made in the hygiene factors can
prevent or eliminate job dissatisfaction.
However, they will not improve job satisfaction.
• Improvements made in the satisfier factors can
increase job satisfaction. However, they will not
prevent job dissatisfaction.

13. This theory describes the views or
perception of managers with regards to
their employees.
Theory x Theory Y
Avoiding work whenever possible Willing to work
Irresponsible Willing to accept responsibility
Having to be pushed by managers to
work
Self direction

14. Equity theory
• A theory of motivation that centers around the
principle of balance or equity.
• According to this theory level of motivation in an
individual is related to his or her perception of
equity & fairness practiced by management.
• Restoring inequity
 Change the outcome (rewards)
 Change the comparison person
 Leave the situation

15. Expectancy theory
• Developed by Victor Vroom
• A person is motivated to the degree that he or she
believes that
 (1) effort will lead to performance
 (2) performance will be rewarded
 (3) the value of the reward is highly positive

17. This theory argues that behavior is
reinforced & controlled by external events.
For example : people will repeat behaviors
that are positively rewarded & avoid
behaviors that are punished or reinforced
to avoid.

18. Reinforcement strategies :
• Positive reinforcement
• Negative reinforcement
• Extinction
• Punishment

19. S : smart
M : measurable
A : achievable
R : realistic
T : time related

20. A department manager establishes a goal
to increase profitability by 10% by the end
of December 2013 as compared to
profitability in 2006.