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not subject to flooding or overly saturated ground, and where time and efficiency are not
prioritized.
Up and Down agitationbioreactor
Unique up and down agitation in the bioreactor.
Up and down agitators are useful to avoid shear stress to the cells. These are done by instead of a
traditional propeller agitator, which requires an expensive motor and magnetic coupling. Vertical
up and down motion is achieved by a motor together with an inexpensive membrane perfectly
assure sterility and produce an efficient mixing without formation of a vortex (no baffles
needed).
NASA tissue cloning bioreactor
In bioreactors in which the goal is to grow cells or tissues for experimental or therapeutic
purposes, the design is significantly different from industrial bioreactors. Many cells and tissues,
especially mammalian ones, must have a surface or other structural support in order to grow, and
agitated environments are often destructive to these cell types and tissues.
NASA has developed a new type of bioreactor that artificially grows tissue in cell cultures.
Air driven bioreactors
A bubble column bioreactor (Figure 36.2.Ba) is a reactor, in the shape of a column, in which the
reaction medium is kept mixed and aerated by the introduction of air at the bottom (IUPAC,
1997). The major advantages of bubble column bioreactors are the low capital costs,
uncomplicated mechanical configurations and less operational costs due to low energy
requirements.
Mechanically agitated bioreactors
The various plant bioreactors designs are proposed by various authors depending upon the plant
species used. The most common and popular bioreactor is the stirred tank bioreactor.
Horizontal vessels or rotary drum reactors have significantly higher surface area to volume ratio
than other reactor types. Therefore, mass transfer is achieved with comparably less power
consumption. However, the drawback is their comparatively high energy consumption in large
scale operations.
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REFERENCES
www.epa.gov/solidwaste/nohaz/municipal/landfill/bioreactor.htm
http://nptel.ac.in/cources/102103016/36
http://em.wikipedia.org/wiki/bioreactor