Hosted by NMS Labs, Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Presented by Dr. Barry K. Logan, PhD, DABFT, NMS Labs National Director of Forensic Services
Dr. Barry Logan, Director of Forensic and Toxicological Services at NMS Labs, presents some of the latest developments in the designer drug arena from the perspective of NMS Labs. What started with “Bath Salts” has evolved into a complex culture of experimentation with “Research Chemicals”. With the changes in the law that took place in the summer of 2012, and some high profile enforcement action, the flagrant public sale of the products has moved under the counter and into the back room. Suppliers are diversifying the range of chemicals that appear in these products however, and an alarming number of deaths and adverse events have been reported. Currently, MDPV, methylone, alpha-PVP, pentedrone, 25-I NBOMe, and the stimulant nutritional compound DMAA are among the most frequently encountered drugs in our toxicology populations. This webinar reviews a comprehensive LC-TOF application for screening for designer stimulants and cathinones, and emerging data on their prevalence and adverse effects.
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Increasing Diversity of Chemicals in Synthetic Stimulant and Cathinone Cases
1. Increasing Diversity of Chemicals
in
Synthetic Stimulant and
Cathinone Cases
Barry K Logan, Ph.D.,
NMS Labs National Director, Forensic Services
2. Designer Drugs
1980’s
α-methylfentanyl, MPPP, MDMA,
1990’s, early 2000’s
PMA, rise of methamphetamine
1991 Publication of PiHKAL
1997 Publication of TiHKAL
“Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic
Act of 2005”
Growth of the Internet
Beginnings of the “Research Chemicals”
or “New Psychedelic” Movement.
3. Designer Drugs
Mid 2000’s
New tools for drug synthesis
Research Chemical Supply Industry
2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-T-7
AMT, DMT, 5-MeO-DiPT
2004 Operation Web Tryp
Khat, cathinone, methcathinone
13. • Following smoking, effects are intense but short lived.
• Psychedelic–like changes in visual perception.
• Mood and somatic changes
• Modified perception of external reality.
• Decreased ability to interact with self or surroundings
Gonzalez, et al, 2006
Salvia Divinorum - Effects
14. Salvia
Perron BE, Ahmedani BK, Vaughn MG, Glass JE, Abdon A, Wu LT. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse.
2012 Jan;38(1):108-13.
Use of Salvia Divinorum in a
nationally representative sample.
15. • Active component – Salvinorin A
• Other natural products –
–Salvinorin C-G, Divinatorins A-E, Salvinicin A-B
• Synthetic derivatives are under investigation for treatment of
Alzheimers, Parkinsons, schizophrenia, and stimulant
dependence.
Vortherms and Roth, 2006; Grundmann et al, 2007
Salvia Divinorum
26. PCP and Ketamine Derivatives
Drug
BTCP
Benzothiophenylcyclohexylpiperidine
Benocyclidine
Methoxetamine
2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-
(ethylamino)cyclohexanone
27. Legal Status - Federal
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112s3187enr/pdf/BILLS-112s3187enr.pdf
Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act
S.3187
28. Legal Status - Methylone
Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act
S.3187
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-10-18/pdf/2012-25639.pdf
42. Adverse Event Reports
Smith C, Cardile AP, Miller M. Bath salts as a "legal high". Am J Med. 2011
Nov;124(11):e7-8.
Baron M, Elie M, Elie L. An analysis of legal highs: do they contain what it
says on the tin? Drug Test Anal. 2011 Sep;3(9):576-81.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Emergency department visits
after use of a drug sold as "bath salts"--Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31,
2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 May 20;60(19):624-7.
Antonowicz JL, Metzger AK, Ramanujam SL. Paranoid psychosis induced by
consumption of methylenedioxypyrovalerone: two cases. Gen Hosp Psychiatry.
2011 Nov-Dec;33(6):640.e5-6.
Penders TM, Gestring R. Hallucinatory delirium following use of MDPV: "Bath
Salts". Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011 Sep-Oct;33(5):525-6.
43. Missing Data
Wiegand TJ, Wax PM, Schwartz T, Finkelstein Y, Gorodetsky R, Brent J; J Med
Toxicol. 2012 Oct 2.
44. Summary
Phenethylamines 2C
series (Shulgin)
25-NBOMe series
(Reim/Nichols)
Salvia,DMAA,Tryptamines,Benzylpiperazines
Pyrrolidinophenones
Pyrovalerone
MDPV
α-PVP
Pyrrolidinophenones II
MPPP
MOPPP
Cathinones
bk amphetamines
Mephedrone
Pentedrone
Cathinones
methylenedioxy
bk amphetamines
Methylone
Butylone
Pentylone
Benzofurans,
Aminoindanes
Cyclohexylpiperazines
50. AAFS Annual Meeting 2013
•Barry K. Logan, Ph.D
•Insight into Emerging Drugs on the US Market through
Solid Dosage and Biological Monitoring
•DeMia Pressley
•NFLIS Update on Designer Drug Trends in the US and
DEA Guidelines for Controlling Cannabimimetic Agents
•Roumen Sedefov, MD
•Designer Drug Trends in the European Union - Is the
Future Already Here?
•Col. Kabrena Goerringer, PhD
•The Inaudible Barking Dog: US Policy Implications of
"Legal Highs"
Workshop #19 “Developments in Emerging and Designer
Drug Markets 2013”
51. AAFS Annual Meeting 2013
•Marilyn Huestis, PhD
•Assessment of Testing Approaches for Large Scale
Designer Drug Testing
•Michael Baumann, PhD
•Pharmacology of "Bath Salts" and Related Designer
Drugs
•Jeffrey Moran, PhD
•Elucidation of Metabolic Pathways for Emerging
Cannabinoid Agonists
•Jeri Ropero-Miller, PhD
•Designer Drugs - A Killer Among Us
•Peter Stout, PhD
•On-Line Database Resource for the Identification of
Novel and Emerging Drugs
52. • Alex Maggitti
• Sherri Kacinko
• Matthew McMullin
• Fran Diamond
• Donna Papsun
• Apisri Ieamniramit
Acknowledgements
www.nmslabs.com
Notas do Editor
MBDB N -methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine TMA synthesized by David Nichols at Purdue University “Flatliner” psychedelic
MBDB N -methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine
Psychonaut mapping project
MBDB N -methyl-1,3-benzodioxolylbutanamine
MDMA, MDPV and Methylone, but over 4000 other stimulants!
4-MPPP alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone not to be confused with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine ( MPPP ) or Desmethylprodine is an opioid analgesic drug developed in the 1940s by researchers at Hoffmann-La Roche Pentylone, analog of methylone – a methylenedioxy beta keto amphetamine
Propio analogs of the pyrovalerones. Simply reducing the carbon chain by 2 units. MDPPP is the propio homolog of MDPV. Have some history as stimulant drugs in Europe in the 1990 ’s present in fake MDMA tablets
4-MPPP alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone not to be confused with 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine ( MPPP ) or Desmethylprodine is an opioid analgesic drug developed in the 1940s by researchers at Hoffmann-La Roche BTCP benzothiophenylcyclohexylpiperidine
These are isomers, indistinguishable by LCTOF based on mass, but can be distinguished by LCMSMS. Compare to MDMA and methedrone which have identical mass and retention time, and have to be distinguished by lcmsms in confirmation.
Have some history as stimulant drugs in Europe in the 1990 ’s present in fake MDMA tablets. These do have the entactogenic effects associated with the methylenedioxy derivatives of the ampehtamines
BTCP is a PCP-like in structure It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant . [1] [2] Has been used as a label for the doamine transporter due to its tight binding. Methoxetamine is ketamine-like and dissociative It is reported to have similar desirable and unwanted effects to ketamine, although some users have reported that the unwanted effects last longer than for ketamine. [8] Little is known about the potential toxicity of methoxetamine, but people have been hospitalized in the US and UK after using it recreationally. [3] [9] [10] Acute cerebellar toxicity has been documented in three cases of hospital admission due to methoxetamine overdose, lasting for between one and four days after exposure. [10]
Shulgin compounds
Shulgin compounds
When this panel is run additional drugs that would not be found show up uin these patients including Amphetamine/methamphetamine BZE/Cocaine, Mescaline, mCPP/Trazodone, ODMT/Tramadol, Pyrovalerone, Mitragynine, Pentylone
And the 6530 QTOF. The QTOF can be operated with the collision cell turned of in straight TOF mode, or in MSMS mode to get accurate mass of the daughter ions for structure elucidation – very useful for novel compound or metabolite elucidation. The instruments are benchtop, footprint with a chimney that houses the flight tube which is the portion of the instrument that makes the mass measurement by measuring transit time from the point of acceleration up the flight tube, and reflection back to the detector.
The software also provides ion chromatograms of each of the targeted masses within the selected time window for evaluation of the signal quality, background , and peak shape.
25I-NBOMe (2C-I-NBOMe) is a derivative of the phenethylamine psychedelic 2C-I, discovered in 2003 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin,[1] and subsequently investigated in more detail by a team at Purdue University led by David Nichols.[2] N-methoxy benzyl
Shulgin compounds
Shulgin compounds
It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant . [1] [2]
It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant . [1] [2]
It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant . [1] [2]
It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant . [1] [2]
It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant. [1][2]
It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant. [1][2]