HDI of India 2009

Nikita Kale
Rakesh Mahadik
Gowri Shankar

Human Development & Measurement 3 – 6
H D I & India 7 – 9
India = Facts, Figures & Numbers 10 – 13
Balance Sheet of Human Development of India 14 – 15
Economic Attainments 16 – 17
Selected Indicators: HPI, GDI, Remittances,
Immigrants, Emmigrants, Climate Change
18 - 27
Way Ahead 28 – 29
Thursday, May 23, 2013 Human Development 2

 A Broad-based Consensus To View Human Development In Terms Of, At
Least, Three Critical Dimensions Of Well-being. These Are Related To
 Longevity — The Ability To Live Long And Healthy Life;
 Education — The Ability To Read, Write And Acquire Knowledge;
 Command Over Resources —The Ability To Enjoy A Decent Standard Of
Living And Have A Socially Meaningful Life.
 Human Development Is Not Only Growth In Income, Wealth Or Consumption
But The Expansion Of Human Capabilities.
 Efficient And Effective Governance Is Critical For Improving The Pace Of
Human Development In The Country.
Thursday, May 23, 2013 3Human Development

HDI World Profile, 2007Source: www.wikipedia.org

HOW IS HDI Measured
The Human Development Index (HDI) Is A Summary
Measure Of A Country's Human Development. It Measures
The Average Achievements In A Country In Three Basic
Dimensions:
1. A Long And Healthy Life, As Measured By Life
Expectancy At Birth;
2. Access To Knowledge, As Measured By The Adult
Literacy Rate And The Combined Gross Enrolment
Ratio In Education;
3. A Decent Standard Of Living, As Measured By GDP
Per Capita In Purchasing Power Parity(ppp) in US$.

• These Three Dimensions Are
Then Standardized To Values
Between 0 And 1, And The Simple
Average Is Taken To Arrive At The
Overall HDI Value In The Range 0
To 1.
• Countries Are Then Ranked On
The Basis Of This Value With A
Rank Of 1 Representing The
Highest HDI Value.
HOW IS HDI Measured
Source: HDR India 2007

The Human Development Index Trends
Tell An Important Story In That Respect.
Between 1980 And 2007 India's HDI Rose
By 1.33% Annually From 0.427 To 0.612
Today.
HDI Scores In All Regions Have Increased
Progressively Over The Years Although All
Have Experienced Periods Of Slower
Growth.
India :: Some findings - Human Development
Index

Source:
HDR
India 2001

• The Process Or Progress Of Development, In Any Society,
Should Ideally Be Viewed And Assessed In Terms Of What It
Does For An Average Individual.
• It Has To Be Seen In Terms Of The Benefits And
Opportunities That It Generates For People And How These
Are Eventually Distributed — Between Men And Women,
The Well Off And Deprived And Across Regions.

India :: Some findings - Human Development
Index
• India’s Human Development Index (HDI)
Of 0.619 Puts It Just Below Equatorial
Guinea (0.642) And Solomon Islands
(0.602).
• India’s Life Expectancy Of 63.7 Years Is
Sandwiched Between Comoros (64.1) And
Mauritania (63.2), While Malawi And
Rwanda Have Higher Adult Literacy Than
India.
• India Was Ranked 126 By The HDR 2006, A
Rung Higher Than The Previous Year’s 127.
• This Year, It Continues To Be Dubbed A
Country At Medium Level Of Human
Development.
The Human Development Report For 2008-09 Has
Been Released By The UNDP And There Are Few
Surprises.

• Population: 1.140.3 Billion
• Yearly Increase: 17 Million
• Median Age: 25.1 Years
• Average Life Expectancy: 68.6 Years
• Average Fertility Rate: 2.7 Children
Per Woman
• Literacy Rate: 61 %
• Population In Rural Areas: 700 Million
• Homes Without Electricity: 30 %

• Population living on less than $1 a day: 300
million
• Internet users: 80 million
• Mobile phone subscribers: 200 million
• Telephone landlines: 38.76 million
• GDP: $2.966 trillion US
• Unemployment rate: 7.2 per cent
• Inflation: 7.2 per cent
• Exports: $155 billion US
• Officially recognized languages: 18

HDI Value Life Expectancy At Birth Adult Literacy Rate
Combined Gross
Enrolment Ratio
GDP Per Capita
(Years) (% Ages 15 And Above) (%) (PPP Us$)
1. Norway (0.971) 1. Japan (82.7) 1. Georgia (100.0) 1. Australia (114.2) 1. Liechtenstein (85,382)
132. Bhutan (0.619) 126. Turkmenistan (64.6)
118. Congo (Democratic
Republic Of The) (67.2)
132. Madagascar (61.3) 126. Cape Verde (3,041)
133. Lao People's
Democratic Republic
(0.619)
127. Lao People's
Democratic Republic
(64.6)
119. Egypt (66.4)
133. Trinidad And
Tobago (61.1)
127. Guyana (2,782)
134. India (0.612) 128. India (63.4) 120. India (66.0) 134. India (61.0) 128. India (2,753)
135. Solomon Islands
(0.610)
129. Yemen (62.5) 121. Ghana (65.0) 135. Morocco (61.0) 129. Viet Nam (2,600)
136. Congo (0.601) 130. Togo (62.2) 122. Rwanda (64.9) 136. Nepal (60.8) 130. Nicaragua (2,570)
182. Niger (0.340) 176. Afghanistan (43.6) 151. Mali (26.2) 177. Djibouti (25.5) 181. Congo (298)
HDI in India : A Fact File

Balance Sheet – Human Development India
Variable Progress Deprivation
Population The Population Of Our Country Has
Increased From 361 Millions In 1951 To
1027 Millions In 2001 (As On 1st March,
01).
The Country Has Been Ranked As 128th Among
A Set Of 162 Countries In The Human
Development Index Of 0.612 In 2007.
Health The Expectation Of Life Has Increased
From 42 Years In 1951 To 62 Years In
Recent Years.
The Total Number Of People Affected With
HIV Is About 4.1 Million. The Proportion Of
Delivery Attended By Health Professionals Is
Only 42.5 Percent. The Maternal Mortality
Ratio Is 408 Per 100,000 Live Births.

Variable Progress Deprivation
Health Male And Female Literacy Rate Has
Increased From 25 And 7.9 Percent In 1951
To 75 And 52 Percent Respectively In 2001.
There Are About 200 Million Illiterates In
Our Country. The Quality Of Education,
Particularly Technical
Education Needs To Be Expanded.
Regional Disparity The States Like Kerala, Tamil Nadu Has
Made Significant Progress In Social
Dimension While The States Like
Maharashtra And Punjab Became
Economically Stronger.
The States Like Bihar, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan And Uttar Pradesh And Orissa,
Constitute More Than 50 Per Cent Of
India’s Population And Are On A Very Low
State Of Development, and Both Socially
And Economically.
Balance Sheet – Human Development India

•Human Poverty: Focusing On The Most Deprived In Multiple
Dimensions Of Poverty
•The HPI-1 Value Of 28.0% For India, Ranks 88th Among 135 Countries
For Which The Index Has Been Calculated.
•By Looking Beyond Income Deprivation, The HPI-1 Represents A Multi-
dimensional Alternative To The $1.25 A Day (PPP US$) Poverty Measure.
•The HPI-1 Measures Severe Deprivation In Health By The Proportion Of
People Who Are Not Expected To Survive To Age 40.
Economic Attainments & HDI

Economic Attainments & HDI
Poverty Ratio Has Declined From 44 Per Cent In 1983 To 26 Per Cent In 2000; Decline In
Nineties Faster Than In Eighties.
Source:
HDR
India 2001

Source UNDP HDR 2009
HumanPovertyIndex
Probabilityofnotsurvivingto
age40
Adultilliteracyrate
Peoplenotusinganimproved
watersource
Childrenunderweightforage
(HPI-1) (%) (% ages 15 and above) (%) (% aged under 5)
1. Czech Republic
(1.5)
1. Hong Kong, China
(SAR) (1.4)
1. Georgia (0.0) 1. Barbados (0) 1. Croatia (1)
86. Djibouti (25.6) 103. Bolivia (13.9) 118. Congo (32.8) 74. Kyrgyzstan (11) 135. Yemen (46)
87. Cambodia (27.7) 104. Bhutan (14.2) 119. Egypt (33.6)
75. Syrian Arab
Republic (11)
136. Timor-Leste (46)
88. India (28.0) 105. India (15.5) 120. India (34.0) 76. India (11) 137. India (46)
89. Ghana (28.1) 106. Yemen (15.6) 121. Ghana (35.0) 77. China (12) 138. Bangladesh (48)
90. Malawi (28.2)
107. Papua New
Guinea (15.9)
122. Rwanda (35.1) 78. Samoa (12)
135. Afghanistan (59.8) 153. Lesotho (47.4) 151. Mali (73.8) 150. Afghanistan (78)
SelectedIndicatorsOfHumanPovertyInIndia

The GDI Compared To The HDI –
A Measure Of Gender Disparity
GDI as % of HDI Life expectancy at birth Adult literacy rate
Combined primary, secondary and
tertiary gross enrolment ratio
(years) 2004 (% ages 15 and older) 2004 2004
Female as % male Female as % male Female as % male
1. Mongolia (100.0%) 1. Russian Federation (121.7%) 1. Lesotho (122.5%) 1. Cuba (121.0%)
137. U A E (97.2%) 151. Côte d'Ivoire (104.7%) 121. Sudan (72.8%) 140. Senegal (90.0%)
138. Sierra Leone (97.1%) 152. Malta (104.7%) 122. Guinea-Bissau (72.5%) 141. Sudan (89.3%)
139. India (97.1%) 153. India (104.7%) 123. India (70.9%) 142. India (89.3%)
140. Sudan (97.0%) 154. Africa (104.4%) 124. Eritrea (69.6%) 143. Burundi (89.3%)
141. Benin (97.0%)
155. Occupied Palestinian Territories
(104.4%)
125. Congo (66.8%) 144. Congo (89.1%)
155. Afghanistan (88.0%) 190. Swaziland (98.0%) 145. Afghanistan (29.2%) 175. Afghanistan (55.6%)
Source: UNDP HDR 2009

Source: Inda
HDR, 2001
HDI developed by 24% in
’80s & another 26% in ’90s.
• The Mid-1970s Almost All Regions Have Been
Progressively Increasing Their HDI Score .
• East Asia And South Asia Have Accelerated
Progress Since 1990.
• Central And Eastern Europe And The
Commonwealth Of Independent States (CIS),
Following A Catastrophic Decline In The First Half
Of The 1990s, Has Also Recovered To The Level
Before The Reversal.
• The Major Exception Is Sub-saharan Africa.
Since 1990 It Has Stagnated, Partly Because Of
Economic Reversal But Principally Because Of
The Catastrophic Effect Of HIV/AIDS On Life
Expectancy

• Remittances, Which Are Usually Sent To Immediate Family Members Who Have
Stayed Behind, Are Among The Most Direct Benefits From Migration; Their
Benefits Spread Broadly Into Local Economies.
• They Also Serve As Foreign Exchange Earnings For The Origin Countries Of
Migrants.
• However, Remittances Are Unequally Distributed. Of The Total US$370 Billion
Remitted In 2007, More Than Half Went To Countries In The Medium Human
Development Category Against Less Than One Per Cent To Low Human
Development Countries. In 2007, US$35,262 Million In Remittances Were Sent To
India. Average Remittances Per Person Were US$30, Compared With The Average
For South Asia Of US$33. (See Table 6 For More Details.)
Remittances

Table 6: Remittances
Total Remittance
Inflows
Remittances Per Capita
(US$ Millions) (Us$)
1. Luxembourg 3,355
67. Sri Lanka 131
98. Bangladesh 41
102. Pakistan 37
1. India 35,262 106. India 30
15. Bangladesh 6,562
126. Iran (Islamic Republic
Of)
16
17. Pakistan 5,998 133. Maldives 10
151. Maldives 3
157. Burundi 0 157. Burundi 0

Origin of migrants
Emigration
rate (%)
Major continent of
destination for migrants
(%)
1. Antigua and
Barbuda
45.3 Asia 46.6
53. Afghanistan 10.6 Asia 91.4
146. Pakistan 2.2 Asia 72.5
156. Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
1.3 Northern America 39.6
169. India 0.8 Asia 72
180. Maldives 0.4 Asia 38.9
181. Mongolia 0.3 Europe 40.7
Emigrants

Immigrants
Destination Of Migrants
Immigrant Stock
(Thousands)
Destination Of Migrants
Immigrants As A Share Of
Population (%) 2005
1. United States 39,266.50 1. Qatar 80.5
70. Bhutan 5.7
144. Maldives 1.1
153. Bangladesh 0.7
7. India 5,886.90 158. India 0.5
12. Pakistan 3,554.00 167. Afghanistan 0.4
20. Iran 2,062.20
180. Maldives 3.2
182. Vanuatu 1 182. China 0

Fighting Climate Change
• As A Result Of Past Emissions Of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) And Other
Greenhouse Gases (GHGS), The World Is Now On Course For Future
Climate Change. This Year’s Human Development Report Identifies
20C As The Threshold Above Which Irreversible & Dangerous
Climate Change Will Become Unavoidable.
• It Also Explains Why We Have Less Than A Decade To Change
Course And Start Living Within A Sustainable Global Carbon Budget
Identified At 14.5 Gigatonnes Of CO2 (Gt CO2) Per Annum For The
Remainder Of The 21st Century.

• Currently, Emissions Are Running At Twice This Level. If
These Trends Continue, The Carbon Budget Will Be Set
For Expiry During The 2030's,
&
• Setting In Motion Processes That Can Lead To
Temperature Increases Of 5ºc Or Above By The End Of
This Century---roughly Similar To Temperature Changes
Since The Last Ice Age 10,000 Years Ago.
Fighting Climate Change

PROGRESS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
•Certain Factors Need To Be Followed To Achieve More Effective
Utilization Of Resources Such As
–Decentralization Of Public Services To Local Government’s;
–Provision Of Appropriate Complementary Inputs &
– Effective & Efficient Allocation Of Available Resources.
•Government Has To Undertake Programs Of Accelerating Economic
Growth To Match With Human Development Growth So That It Can
Reap The Benefits Of Better Human Development In Terms Of Higher
Productivity.

PROGRESS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
As Suggested By The Human Development Report
India Should Follow A Pattern Of Development
Which Should Promote
1. Employment Generating Growth;
2. Equitable Growth;
3. Participatory Growth;
4. Grass Root Growth;
5. Sustainable Growth.
If Such A Pattern Of Development Is Fostered, Then It Would Be
Possible To Avoid Lopsided Development.

HDI of India 2009

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