1. Research QuestionResearch Question
By Nick StrayerBy Nick Strayer

2. Question:
Is multimedia causing literacy to become more imaged
based then text?

3. Denis E. MurrayDenis E. Murray
Changing Technologies,Changing Technologies, ChangingChanging
communities?communities?
Changing communities?Changing communities?
From a more anthropological perspective, literacy is:
A socio-culture phenomenon that reflects a communitiesA socio-culture phenomenon that reflects a communities
values.values.
Literacy is not a set of skills, whose absence or presence inLiteracy is not a set of skills, whose absence or presence in
individuals or communities automatically leads to particularindividuals or communities automatically leads to particular
outcomes.outcomes.

4. Denis E. MurrayDenis E. Murray
Changing Technologies,Changing Technologies, ChangingChanging
communities?communities?
Changing communities?Changing communities?
Greeks invented alphabet for keeping business records
Both Plato and Socrates argued that literacy would:Both Plato and Socrates argued that literacy would:
Change the way people thinkChange the way people think
Destroy memoryDestroy memory
Negatively effect the social orderNegatively effect the social order
More recent studies find that literacy and oral communicationMore recent studies find that literacy and oral communication
lived side by side and only enhanced the traditional way oflived side by side and only enhanced the traditional way of
thinking.thinking.

5. Denis E. MurrayDenis E. Murray
Changing Technologies,Changing Technologies, ChangingChanging
communities?communities?
Changing communities?Changing communities?
In middle ages writing was used by elites classIn middle ages writing was used by elites class
to record legal and trade documents.to record legal and trade documents.
Article argues that a new technology onlyArticle argues that a new technology only
facilitated an already existing need, rather thenfacilitated an already existing need, rather then
creating one.creating one.
90% of population was illiterate when90% of population was illiterate when
Gutenberg press was invented.Gutenberg press was invented.
It wasn’t until the early 1700’s that illiteracy fellIt wasn’t until the early 1700’s that illiteracy fell
below 50%.below 50%.

6. Denis E. MurrayDenis E. Murray
Changing Technologies,Changing Technologies, ChangingChanging
communities?communities?
Changing communities?Changing communities?
A technology in of itself won’t change the socialA technology in of itself won’t change the social
structure, but it is an extension of ourstructure, but it is an extension of our
environment.environment.
All tools carry social meaning, reflecting socialAll tools carry social meaning, reflecting social
values and meaning.values and meaning.
Their social meaning, however, is only evident inTheir social meaning, however, is only evident in
their use.their use.

7. Andries Van DamAndries Van Dam
Digital Visual LiteracyDigital Visual Literacy
Digital Visual LiteracyDigital Visual Literacy
Computer Based graphics are becoming moreComputer Based graphics are becoming more
and more common place for us toand more common place for us to
communicate and to understand the world.communicate and to understand the world.
The web is a “printing press on steroids” forThe web is a “printing press on steroids” for
digital media.digital media.
DVL is the computers ability to create discreteDVL is the computers ability to create discrete
and abstract language for representing visualand abstract language for representing visual
information.information.

8. Andries Van DamAndries Van Dam
Digital Visual LiteracyDigital Visual Literacy
Digital Visual LiteracyDigital Visual Literacy
To have digital visual literacy you must:To have digital visual literacy you must:
Critically evaluate digital visual materials (2-D,Critically evaluate digital visual materials (2-D,
3D, static and moving.)3D, static and moving.)
Make decisions on the basis of digital visualMake decisions on the basis of digital visual
representations of data and ideas: andrepresentations of data and ideas: and
Use computers to make effective visualUse computers to make effective visual
communicationscommunications

9. Andries Van DamAndries Van Dam
Digital Visual LiteracyDigital Visual Literacy
Digital Visual LiteracyDigital Visual Literacy
Digital visual literacy includes:Digital visual literacy includes:
studio artstudio art
computer science,computer science,
vision sciencevision science
media theory.media theory.
Digital Visual literacy will be required to competeDigital Visual literacy will be required to compete
in the 21st century.in the 21st century.

10. Sherry HsiSherry Hsi
Conceptualizing learning fromConceptualizing learning from
everydayeveryday
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kidsDigital Kid:Digital Kid:
Learned how to use a desktop at the age of 2Learned how to use a desktop at the age of 2
By the age of 10:By the age of 10:
knows digital gamesknows digital games
drawing toolsdrawing tools
information searchinformation search
online readingonline reading

11. Sherry HsiSherry Hsi
Conceptualizing learning fromConceptualizing learning from
everydayeveryday
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
In 2005 87% of kids ages 12-17 are online.In 2005 87% of kids ages 12-17 are online.
In 2004 90% of young adults in USA ownIn 2004 90% of young adults in USA own
phonesphones
In 2001 95% of 15-24 year olds in Japan ownedIn 2001 95% of 15-24 year olds in Japan owned
web-enabled mobile phones.web-enabled mobile phones.

12. Sherry HsiSherry Hsi
Conceptualizing learning fromConceptualizing learning from
everydayeveryday
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kidsDigital Fluency among youth is demonstratedDigital Fluency among youth is demonstrated
by using digital tools to:by using digital tools to:
Gather, design, evaluate, critique, own,Gather, design, evaluate, critique, own,
synthesize,synthesize,
and develop communication messages orand develop communication messages or
other electronic expressions.other electronic expressions.

13. Sherry HsiSherry Hsi
Conceptualizing learning fromConceptualizing learning from
everydayeveryday
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kidsDigital KidsDigital Kids
build on their own skills and knowledgebuild on their own skills and knowledge
take on different identities and multiple rolestake on different identities and multiple roles
voluntarily spend time learning newvoluntarily spend time learning new
technologies or skills to accomplish theirtechnologies or skills to accomplish their
goals.goals.

14. Sherry HsiSherry Hsi
Conceptualizing learning fromConceptualizing learning from
everydayeveryday
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kidsNew technologies are helping form micro youthNew technologies are helping form micro youth
cultures:cultures:
Social networks gives opportunities forSocial networks gives opportunities for
identity formation activesidentity formation actives
Gender swapGender swap
Multiple identitiesMultiple identities
Screen names, symbols, pictures,Screen names, symbols, pictures,
Games can encourage new learning andGames can encourage new learning and
thinking methodsthinking methods

15. Sherry HsiSherry Hsi
Conceptualizing learning fromConceptualizing learning from
everydayeveryday
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kids
actives of digital kidsactives of digital kidsDigital Kids have multiple opportunities to take aDigital Kids have multiple opportunities to take a
more active role in defining and choosing whatmore active role in defining and choosing what
activities they engage in as well as when andactivities they engage in as well as when and
with whom.with whom.
Digital actives outside of school are blurringDigital actives outside of school are blurring
the line on how kids are learning social skills,the line on how kids are learning social skills,
critical thinking skills, and cultural norms.critical thinking skills, and cultural norms.