The document discusses the future of renewable and electric transportation and invites Ireland to join international collaboration efforts. It summarizes the current status of vehicle technology worldwide, the benefits of collaboration through the International Energy Agency, and the work of the IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Implementing Agreement. This includes recent tasks on battery technology, deployment strategies, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Ireland is invited to become a regular member of the agreement to further these efforts in the next phase from 2009-2014.

1. The future will be “renewable
and electric” and needs
worldwide efforts: an
invitation to Ireland!!
Urs Muntwyler
Chair Hybrid and Electric Vehicle
Implementing Agreement (IA) -
of the International Energy Agency (IEA)
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2. Contents of this presentation
• Current status of vehicle technology in the world and the
energy challenge
• Needs and benefits of international collaboration
• The International Energy Agency (IEA)
• What is the IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Implementing
Agreement (IA-HEV)?
• Actual work in phase 3 (2005-2009)
• How countries can participate in the IA HEV network
• Invitation to Ireland as regular member in the 4 th phase of
the Implementing Agreement “Hybrid- and electric vehicles”
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3. Current status
figures 1998 population private vehicles/
[Mio] cars 1000 inh.
[Mio]
IEA countries 852 516,4 606
tiger states 1‘767 159 90
develop. 3‘235 31,6 10
countries
With 300 vehicles/ 1‘000 inhabitants:
 ca. 2 Mia. vehicles (x 3)  3-liter-car!
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4. Current Status of Vehicle Technology
Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris
2008 4

5. Current Status of Vehicle Technology
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© Muntwyler Energietechnik AG

6. New Annex “Lessons learned”
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7. a winning combination for the future: PV+EV/PHEV!
source:
PHOTON
Range achieved by the energy produced on 1 ha land
(the bar of the plug-in-hybrid vehicle is 7 times longer than shown here)
 The PHEV (consumption 16 kWh/100 km) using solar energy produced by a PV installation
on 1 ha drives 150 times further than a car (consumption 6,5 l/ 100 km fuel equivalent) using
bio-ethanol extracted from grain produced on 1 ha.
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8. Strategy = international collaboration
automotive industry Governments
act within the
boundaries of their
acts globally country
Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris
2008 8

9. The IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle
Implementing Agreement (IA HEV)
• The IEA (International Energy Agency) is a Paris based
organisation of 28 Governments interested in energy issues
• The IEA has 42 different technical collaboration-programmes
all kind of energy fields, one of them the IA HEV.
• The IA HEV is a working group of actual 12 governments
(Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy,
Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, USA) interested
in advanced vehicle technologies.
• An Executive Committee directs the work of the task forces,
plans new initiatives, and disseminates the information
produced
• The IA HEV works by setting up task forces (called “Anne-
xes”) on particular hybrid-, fuel cell- and electric vehicle
subjects
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10. Some activities in phase 3: 2004 - 2009
Work continued on:
• Information Exchange (Annex I)
• Electrochemical Systems (Annex X)
New Task forces (Annexes and other activities):
• IA HEV Award (not as Annex)
• Electric Cycles (Annex XI)
• Renewable Energy for Transportation (not yet started)
• Hybrid Heavy Duty Vehicles (Annex XII)
• Fuel Cells for Vehicles (Annex XIII)
• Lessons Learned (follow-up; Annex XIV)
• HEVs outlook-report (not as Annex)
• Plug-In-Hybrid Vehicles (Annex XV started march 2008)
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11. Hybrid Vehicles working group (Annex VII)
• Passenger cars tend to cost a constant share of disposable
income - features are added to increase price
• Drive trains only represent 8% - 12% of the costs of a car -
dealer/warranty costs are largest share
• A “fuel pay-back” period of 3-5 years would make hybrid
vehicles cost-competitive.
• Consumers can afford hybrid cars, but should be motivated
to want them.
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12. Elektrochemical Systems (Annex X)
Batteries made a remarkable progress since 1994
(compare with the forecast by our experts of Annex V in 1996):
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13. Lithium Ion Technology versus Goals
Power-Assist HEV Goals (Low Power)
Discharge Pulse Power
(25 kW)
Operating Temperature 140% Regenerative Pulse Power
Range (-30 to +52 °C) 120% (20 kW)
100%
80%
Self Discharge (50 Wh/day) 60% Available Energy (300 Wh)
40%
20%
Selling Price ($500/system 0%
@100k/yr) Efficiency (90%)
System Volume (32 L) Cycle Life (300k on 25Wh profile)
System Weight (40 kg) Calendar Life (15 Years)
FreedomCAR Goals Lithium Ion
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14. Lithium Ion Technology versus Goals
EV Goals
Specific Power-Discharge (300 W/kg)
Operating Temperature 140%
Range (-40 to +50 °C) 120% Specific Energy-C/3 (150
100% Wh/kg)
80%
60%
40%
20%
Production Price @10k/yr 0% Power Density (460
($150/kWh) W/liter)
Calendar Life (10 years) Energy Density-C/3 (230
Wh/liter)
Cycle Life-80% DOD (1,000 cycles)
USABC EV Goals Lithium Ion
Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris
2008 14

15. Deployment Strategies working group (Annex VIII)
• Evaluation of more than 100 government promotion measures
for clean vehicles (electric, hybrid-, alternative fuel vehicles)
• investigation of factors decisive for success and failures
• set of recommendations for the market introduction
first joint annex of two Implementing Agreements (HEV and
Advanced Motor Fuels AMF) in IEA - history
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16. New Annex “Lessons learned”
In the past 20 years, many electric and hybrid
vehicle models have been introduced on the market.
Some where successful, many disappeared again.
The task force „Deployment Strategies“ (Annex VIII)
investigates the reasons for „failures“ and
„successes“.
This investigation will improve the success-rate of
new vehicles and technologies.
operating agent: Tom Turrentine ITS UC Davis
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17. History: Tour de Sol 1985
Workshop IEA Transportation IA Paris
2008 17

18. History: Tour de Sol 1985 - 93
• Prototyping
1991
EtterTron, ESORO, Horlacher Carbon Horlacher City (1991) Horlacher Consequento (1993)
ESORO E301 (1993) Horlacher Coupé (1994)
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19. History: EVs for fleet tests
VW „CityStromer“ 1995-2000;: ca 200 items sold Citroën AX/Saxo électrique 1993-2004
Opel „Impuls“ 1991: 10 test vehicles on Rügen Peugeot 106 electric 1993-2003
series production conversion EVs by car manufacturers: all production
stopped around 2003/2004. PSA sold about 4‘000 vehicles (Citroën+Peugeot)
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20. History: reaction on mandates/legislation
purpose design EVs by car manufacturers: all production stopped
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21. Presence: purpose design
„Survivor“?: TH!NK Nordic
former PIV
since 1998 ca. 1000 items produced (under FORD)
bought by TH!NK nordic, bancrupcy 2006,
now new attempt with new models incl. FC
motor 27 kW
battery NiCd 19x6V
Cleanova by Heuliez-Dassault
motor permanent magnet
battery Li-ion 16 - 30 kWh
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22. Presence: conversion design
SMART ed
motor permanent magnet 30 kW
battery Na NiCl 78 Ah (ZEBRA)
max. speed 100 km/h
range 150 km
TWINGO Quickshift elettra
motor AC asynchronous 16 kW
battery NaNiCl 60 Ah, 19,5 kWh
max.speed 120 km/h
range 130 km
FIAT Panda elettrica
motor AC asynchronous
battery NaNiCl 78 Ah ZEBRA
max.speed 110 km/h
range 130 km
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23. New Annex “Lessons learned”
hybrid vehicles great market success:
Toyota Prius with nearly 1 million vehicles/ several Lexus models
HONDA IMA more than 100‘000 vehicles sold
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24. The IA HEV “Clean Vehicle Award”
 The “Clean Vehicle Award” is given to manufacturers with
outstanding sales figures (surpassing thresholds of 25'000,
50'000, 100'000, or more than 250'000 clean vehicles sold).
 The “Best Practice Award” is given to the organizers of
an outstanding promotion project
 The “Personal Award” is given to a person that has
dedicated her/his work to the development or promotion of
clean vehicles in an outstanding way.
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25. Energy ressources in the world
Copyright Muntwylers SolarAkademie 25
© Copyright Muntwylers SolarAkademie

26. Tour de Sol: EV+PV grid-connected
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© Copyright Muntwylers SolarAkademie

27. Future energy supply of Europe
Grafik:
ABB
100% production with hydro-/ solar- and windenergy

28. New subtask “PHVs and smart grids”
The winning combination of future mobility is:
- electric drive trains
- renewable energies
- linked to a smart grid (see Internet...)
The use of renewable energies as hydro-, wind-,
solar-, biomass-, waste-, -wave eetc. -energies offers
a broad range of efficient combinations.
Subtask leader: Robert Horbaty (CH)
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29. Elements of “Smart Grids”
…. including storage capacities in Plug-In Hybrid cars
19.02.2009
Source: Andrew Tang, Senior Director - Smart Energy Web, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Plugin 2008

30. Possible Development of the V2G-
Concept Grid regulating
ancillary servecies
Vehicle to Grid
V2G
Deployment V2G
Smart Charging
bi-directional
Vehicle to home
V2H
Smart Charging
Grid to vehicle
G2V
Charging
A everywhere
Charging at Home
2008
19.02.2009
2010 2012 2014
Quelle: ENCO Energie-Consulting AG

31. EBL* Solar Power Station
since 1992
A
19.02.2009
EBL = Swiss Utility

32. EU Future Network Vision: „Smart
Grids“ ...
Prediction
Small Hydro Off-Shore Wind
Big Hydro
Biomass
Thermal Power Plant
CHP Appartements Solar
Photovoltaic
Efficient Energy use
PHEV
19.02.2009 CHP Offices and Industry
Thermal Storage

33. IEA IA Hybrid & Electric Vehicles
4th phase 2009-2014
The IEA Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Agreement looks
forward to continuing to provide balanced, reliable
information for member Governments and research
organizations, and encourages new Governments and
organizations to join.
We invite Ireland to join our efforts and to participate as
member country in the Implementing Agreement Hybrid- and
Electric Vehicles (IA HEV).
Contact: Mr. Martijn van Walwijk , Secretary
<secretariat.ieahev@wanadoo.fr>

34. Thank you for your attention
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