This document discusses theories of the male gaze from several scholars including Mulvey, Ferguson, Schroeder, and Millum. It defines the male gaze as the voyeuristic way that men look at women. It outlines different types of gazes, such as the spectator's gaze and the intra-diagetic gaze. It also summarizes key aspects of several theorists' perspectives on male gazes, such as Mulvey describing active male and passive female roles and Ferguson identifying looks like the "chocolate box" and "invitational." The document aims to define and categorize different types of male gazes.

1. MALE GAZE
Based on Mulvey’s, Ferguson's, Shroeder’s and Millum’sTheories of the

2. The Male Gaze can be described as, feminist reference to the
voventistic way which men look at women.
 It is a way how men look at women
Women look at themselves
Women look at other women
What is the Male Gaze?

3.  Attention directed towards others
 Attention directed towards an object
 Attention directed to one’s self
 Attention directed to the reader/camera
 Attention directed to meddle distance
The direction of the Male Gaze

4. The spectator’s gaze
The intra-diagetic gaze
The direct address (or extra – diagetic)
The look of the camera
The gaze of a bystander
The gaze of an audience within a text.
Male Gaze – Jonathan Schroeder’s
Types of Gaze (1998)

5. Laura Mulvey describes the Male Gaze as;
Looking at women for visual pleasure and narrative cinemas (1975)
Active male / passive female
Women as images / men as ‘bearer of the look’
How men look at women as sexual objects (voyeuristic)
Fetishistic
Mulvey’s Theories

6. Criticisms' of Laura Mulvey’s theory;
1. She doesn’t consider female spectators
2. Her views are that only heterosexual male’s are the specators
3. Since 1980’s there has been a large increase in sexualisation
and display of the male body.
Mulvey’s Theories (continued)

7. Marjorie Ferguson has Four main looks which include; the Chocolate Box,
Invitational, Super Smiler and Romantic/Sexual, these looks are mainly used on
female models.
Marjorie Ferguson's
Chocolate Box
This is a look where a female model shows a slight smile, showing as minimal
amount of teeth as possible, the lips tend to be closed and the face isn't shown full
on face forward
Invitational
This look which focuses mainly upon the eyes, and mouth which will be closed
although the model will be smiling with her head to one side, as if to be looking
down upon the invitee.
Super Smiler
When a model is showing this look she'll show her full face with a full teeth smile
with either her head tilted forwards or backwards.
Romantic or Sexual
This look includes both a female and a male in the picture, it will seem as if it is a
dream and it should be very sexual
Marjorie Ferguson’s Theories

8. Trevor Millum has Five main looks which he calls, Seductive, Carefree, Practical, Comic and
Catalogue.
Trevor Millum
Seductive
When a model is posing in the Seductive look they should have their eyes slightly closed, the
expressions will be small, but will still show through, they will also aim to look confident.
Carefree
A Carefree look, can be linked to sports because it seems as if they are active and healthy.
Practical
A pratical will include a model who seems to be concentrating something, so thier eyes will
be focussed and their mouth will be closed but not tightly.
Comic
This will be seem as if the actor/model is being studpid, comical, funny and it will normally be
exagerated, to make the most as if to seem that what they are laughing at is very funny.
Catalogue
This will make the model have their eyes wide open, with a big smile as if they are not stupid
but quite dumb.
Trevor Millum’s Theores

10. I think this is a seductive look,
because her eyes aren’t open
fully, her lips are closed but she is
slighly smiling. She seems to be
happy/pleased. It seems as she is
inviting us to join her, on the
couch.
Carefree—Seems
as if she isn’t
bothered. Also she
is wearing a
bikini , which could
mean she enjoys
swimming and is
athletic and
healthy.
She has put her legs into view which, could be to
show them off, or an as an invitation. Her skin has
a ‘angel glam’ effect to it, it appears to the viewer
as if she is an angel, and is supposed to feel as if
you are in heaven. Also it shows that she is healthy
and active.
She has her lips pouted
very little which could
suggest a sexual desire
Her hair is natural, and
has been swept to one
side, showing off her
neck, which is supposed
to be desirable.
Her eyes are looking
straight towards the
viewer, this is used to
the get their attention,
and for them to focus on
her facial features
Her hands play a role of importance in the picture because, when you
look at somebody you tend to look at where their hands are placed, they
are positioned on her head and her stomach. They are placed in sensual
positions because the photographer will want your attention to be drawn
to these positions.
Although she is wearing a wrap
over the top of here bikini, you
can still see her figure beneath
it, giving the viewer a sexy
image.
She is lying on silk
pillows. When you
think of silk you
normally associate it
with luxury items,
wealth and silk
bedding. .

11. Megan Fox in Two and a Half Men
This clip is an example of Male Gaze.The camera operator has focused on the curves of
Megan Fox’s body, and the clothes she is wearing in theTV show.The camera shots that are
used inTwo and Half Men, are used to show of Megan Fox’s body and how she acts and
dresses is part of the mes en scene which will help to create a good male gaze shot.
This is a SlideShare application I found, which I liked it because it explains Male Gaze and
includes a couple of videos fromYouTube which help explain the Male Gaze.

12. Male Gaze in Music Video’s

13. Inspiration for the Male
Gaze in Music Video