2. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
The lymphatic system is part
of the larger circulatory
system of the body. Its
function is to help maintain
the body's fluid balance and
to remove microorganisms
from tissues.

3. EDEMA
Edema is the medical term for
swelling. It is a general response
of the body to injury or
inflammation. Edema can be
isolated to a small area or affect
the entire body. Medications,
infections, pregnancy, and many
medical problems can cause
edema.

4. Edema results whenever
small blood vessels become
"leaky" and release fluid into
nearby tissues. The extra
fluid accumulates, causing
the tissue to swell.

5. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

7. FUNTIONS OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- to collect and transport
tissue fluids
- returning plasma proteins
to the bloodstream;
- Digested fats are absorbed

8. - New lymphocytes are
manufactured in the lymph
nodes;
- Antibodies and anti assist the
body to build up an effective
immunity to infectious
diseases;

9. The lymphatic system has three
main components:
- One component is the delicate
vessels called lymphatic
vessels.
- A second component is the
lymph nodes.
- The third component is lymph,
the pale, watery fluid that
circulates and continually
bathes the body's tissues.

11. Tonsils
are large clusters of
lymphatic cells found in the
pharynx. It is still among
the most common
operations performed and
typically follows frequent
throat infections.

13. Function of Tonsils
- Lymph tissue that produces
lymphocytes.
- They get smaller as a person
gets older.

15. Thymus gland
which stores
immature lymphocytes
and prepares them to
become active T cells,
is located in the chest
just above the
heart.

17. Function of Thymus
- Produces lymphocytes
- Also considered an
endocrine gland

18. Lymph nodes
- Tiny, oval shaped, size of
pinhead to size of almond
- Located alone or grouped
- Most in head, neck, axilla,
chest, abdomen and groin

19. There are 600 to 700 lymph
nodes in the human body
that filter the lymph before it
returns to the circulatory
system.

23. Function of Lymph Nodes
- Produce lymphocytes
- Filter out harmful bacteria
- If substance can’t be
destroyed, node becomes
inflamed

24. Spleen
- Sac-like mass of lymphatic
tissue
- Upper left abdominal cavity,
just below diaphragm

26. Function of Spleen
- Produce lymphocytes and
monocytes
- Filter blood
- Blood reservoir – stores large
amounts of RBCs, contracts during
vigorous exercise or loss of blood to
release RBCs
- Recycles old red cells – destroys
and removes old or fragile RBCs

27. Lymph vessels
- Closely parallel veins
- Located in almost all tissues
and organs that have blood
vessels
- Thoracic duct – largest lymph
vessel

28. Function of lymph Vessels
B. Lymph vessels – transport
excess tissue fluid back into
circulatory system
- Valves prevent backward flow
- Lymph flows in only one
direction – from body organs to
heart

29. - Closely parallel veins
-Tissue lymph enter small lymph
vessels which drain into larger
lymph vessesl (lymphatics) into
two main lymphatics – the
thoracic duct and right
lymphatic duct .

30. Characteristics and
treatment of
common
lymphatic disorders

31. Tonsillitis
- In childhood, tonsils
become infected and
enlarged
- Difficulty swallowing
- Tonsillectomy in extreme
cases

33. Lymphadenitis (adenitis)
- Swelling (enlargement) of
lymph glands
- Occurs when infection
present and body making
WBCs to fight infection

34. Hodgkin’s disease
- Cancer of lymph
nodes
- Painless swelling
of lymph node early
symptom
- Rx –chemotheraphy
and radiation

35. Mononucleosis
- Caused by virus
- Young adults and children
- Spread by oral contact
(kissing)
- Symptoms – lymphadenitis
fever, fatigue, Ç leukocytes
- Rx - bedrest

37. Hypersensitivity
 Abnormal response to drug or
allergen
 Antibodies made in response
to foreign material (allergen)
irritate certain body cells
 Allergen – antigen that causes
allergic response (Examp.
Ragweed,penicillin, bee stings,
foods, etc.)

39. Anaphylaxis
(Anaphylactic shock)
 Severe or fatal allergic reaction
 Antigen-antibody response stimulates
massive secretion of histamine
 Symptoms – breathing problems,
headache, facial swelling, falling blood
pressure, stomach cramps, vomiting
 Rx – Adrenaline
 Those prone should wear medic alert
bracelet.

41. AIDS and HIV
 Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
 Cause – HIV virus
 Three responses to HIV
infection:
a. AIDS – full disorder
b. ARC – AIDS-related complex
c. Asymptomatic infection

42. Screening test for HIV
available
AIDS victim subject to
opportunistic infections
(cancer, infections) that a
healthy person would fight
off but AIDS victim has
compromised immune
response.

43. Incubation period – 1 month to
12 years
Rx and prevention – advances
being made
ARC – AIDS-related complex –
HIV but not AIDS – less severe
symptoms

44. Transmission
a. Sex with someone HIV positive
b. Sharing needles with infected drug
users
c. At birth from infected mother
 Cannot be spread by casual contact,
coughing, sneezing, shaking hands
and sharing eating utensils
Prevention – avoid risky behaviors
and observe standard precautions

45. ASSIGNMENT: Essay
If lymphatic system
prevents the body
from having diseases,
why does lymphatic
system itself has
some diseases?

46. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!!!