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Sustainable CUNY

   Composting:
       Process
       Advantages
       Methods
       Issues
Process
   What can be composted?
       food waste
            food scraps, coffee grounds, tea leaves, eggs shells, shredded papers,
             dairy, bread, vacuum cleaner contents, canned fruit & vegetable liquids…
            meat / fats not encouraged
       yard waste
            grass clippings / leaves / bark / dead wood / prunnings…
       certain compostable plastics
   How does it work?
       bacteria & other micro-organisms break down waste
       two outcomes – mulch or humus
       oxygen vital to the process (aerobic decomposition)
       no oxygen = anaerobic decomposition = methane (a GHG)
Advantages
   GHG reduction:
       1 ton composted waste = approx 1 metric ton reduction in GHG
       waste volumes a factor in your campus’ emissions calculation
   Reduced waste haulage costs:
       lower volumes = lower costs
       waste haulage arrangements & costs vary across CUNY
   Usable end-product:
       mulch or humus can be reused on campus grounds
       can be donated / sold locally (parks, community gardens…)
   Educational value:
       inclusive & participatory (esp. traditional methods)
                                                                    3
Methods
   Pulping:
       not strictly composting – simply reduces volume of waste
       output can be composted or discarded
       machine = requires water & electricity to operate
   Machines that do the work:
       minimize need for hands-on effort
       volume of waste key factor in adopting tech solution
            outlay costs absorbed by reduced haulage costs?
            sufficiently large / steady stream of waste produced to feed machine?
       a power source & water source usually necessary
       space requirements vary depending on the technology
       initial training necessary (use & maintenance)
                                                                                     4
Pulpers
   Characteristics:
       can reduce food (& yard) waste volume by 80%
       can reduce weight by 50%
       can convert up to 1,000lbs of waste to pulp in 1 hour
       increases the capacity of your composter
       increases the quality of your compost
       available in sizes from 500 lbs/hr
       $15,000 - $50,000




                                                                5
The Rocket
   Characteristics:
       turns food & yard waste into compost in 14 days
       successfully used by many British businesses and universities
       catching on in USA (St. Johns in NYC)
       can be operated in a limited amount of space
            Smallest machine is 2.0m long, 0.7m wide, 1.4m high
            Largest machine is 6.0m long, 1.0m wide and 1.8m high
       available in 4 sizes
       can process 50 to 7000 liters of organic wastes per week
       little manual effort required
       no odor, no rodents and no insects
       $18,000 - $40,000
BioHiTech
   Characteristics:
       turns food waste into waste water which is flushed into the
        sewage system
       used in restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, universities
       available in 3 sizes (400lbs – 1,200lbs of waste)
       largest machine can process 1 ton of waste per day
       minimal operational training needed – machine runs itself
       no permitting or code issues
       no odor or rodents
       placement assessed as part of service (waste area / kitchen)
       can buy or rent
            $23,000 - $40,000 (excl. service agreement)
            $1,000 per month rent incl. service agreement (minimum 3 year lease)
Methods
   Traditional Methods:
       can be done on any scale
       use containers made from numerous types of material
            wood, chicken wire, pallets, plastic bins, old street bins…
       can mix food & yard waste
       layering of waste types & aeration important to process
       requires turning (approx. once per week)
       speed of process varies depending on seasonal temperature
            3 weeks in summer under ideal conditions
            several months in winter
       most engaging / participatory option
            students & staff can add their food waste or get involved in the process

                                                                                        8
Issues
   Rodents:
       genuine issue
       machines claim to reduce this problem
   Measuring food waste:
       critical in determining value & method of composting
       5-day week / reduced activity in summer will impact waste
        quantities
   Cooperation of dining service vendor:
       kitchen-side food waste easiest place to start
       education / cooperation of key staff necessary

                                                                    9
Issues
   Composting partnerships:
       parks, community & botanical gardens accept donations
       DSNY runs the ‘NYC Compost Project’
            information / resources / training
            http://www.nyccompost.org/contact.html
       some companies in NYC take organic waste for composting
            http://www.actioncarting.com ($0.06 per lb)
            http://www.filcocarting.com ($15 per 23 gallon container)

   Including students & staff:
       a topic which can engage & educate (esp. traditional forms)
       later phase in program = collection of their food waste
        (cafeterias / classrooms / office areas)
                                                                         10

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Workshop3 Composting

  • 1. Sustainable CUNY  Composting:  Process  Advantages  Methods  Issues
  • 2. Process  What can be composted?  food waste  food scraps, coffee grounds, tea leaves, eggs shells, shredded papers, dairy, bread, vacuum cleaner contents, canned fruit & vegetable liquids…  meat / fats not encouraged  yard waste  grass clippings / leaves / bark / dead wood / prunnings…  certain compostable plastics  How does it work?  bacteria & other micro-organisms break down waste  two outcomes – mulch or humus  oxygen vital to the process (aerobic decomposition)  no oxygen = anaerobic decomposition = methane (a GHG)
  • 3. Advantages  GHG reduction:  1 ton composted waste = approx 1 metric ton reduction in GHG  waste volumes a factor in your campus’ emissions calculation  Reduced waste haulage costs:  lower volumes = lower costs  waste haulage arrangements & costs vary across CUNY  Usable end-product:  mulch or humus can be reused on campus grounds  can be donated / sold locally (parks, community gardens…)  Educational value:  inclusive & participatory (esp. traditional methods) 3
  • 4. Methods  Pulping:  not strictly composting – simply reduces volume of waste  output can be composted or discarded  machine = requires water & electricity to operate  Machines that do the work:  minimize need for hands-on effort  volume of waste key factor in adopting tech solution  outlay costs absorbed by reduced haulage costs?  sufficiently large / steady stream of waste produced to feed machine?  a power source & water source usually necessary  space requirements vary depending on the technology  initial training necessary (use & maintenance) 4
  • 5. Pulpers  Characteristics:  can reduce food (& yard) waste volume by 80%  can reduce weight by 50%  can convert up to 1,000lbs of waste to pulp in 1 hour  increases the capacity of your composter  increases the quality of your compost  available in sizes from 500 lbs/hr  $15,000 - $50,000 5
  • 6. The Rocket  Characteristics:  turns food & yard waste into compost in 14 days  successfully used by many British businesses and universities  catching on in USA (St. Johns in NYC)  can be operated in a limited amount of space  Smallest machine is 2.0m long, 0.7m wide, 1.4m high  Largest machine is 6.0m long, 1.0m wide and 1.8m high  available in 4 sizes  can process 50 to 7000 liters of organic wastes per week  little manual effort required  no odor, no rodents and no insects  $18,000 - $40,000
  • 7. BioHiTech  Characteristics:  turns food waste into waste water which is flushed into the sewage system  used in restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, universities  available in 3 sizes (400lbs – 1,200lbs of waste)  largest machine can process 1 ton of waste per day  minimal operational training needed – machine runs itself  no permitting or code issues  no odor or rodents  placement assessed as part of service (waste area / kitchen)  can buy or rent  $23,000 - $40,000 (excl. service agreement)  $1,000 per month rent incl. service agreement (minimum 3 year lease)
  • 8. Methods  Traditional Methods:  can be done on any scale  use containers made from numerous types of material  wood, chicken wire, pallets, plastic bins, old street bins…  can mix food & yard waste  layering of waste types & aeration important to process  requires turning (approx. once per week)  speed of process varies depending on seasonal temperature  3 weeks in summer under ideal conditions  several months in winter  most engaging / participatory option  students & staff can add their food waste or get involved in the process 8
  • 9. Issues  Rodents:  genuine issue  machines claim to reduce this problem  Measuring food waste:  critical in determining value & method of composting  5-day week / reduced activity in summer will impact waste quantities  Cooperation of dining service vendor:  kitchen-side food waste easiest place to start  education / cooperation of key staff necessary 9
  • 10. Issues  Composting partnerships:  parks, community & botanical gardens accept donations  DSNY runs the ‘NYC Compost Project’  information / resources / training  http://www.nyccompost.org/contact.html  some companies in NYC take organic waste for composting  http://www.actioncarting.com ($0.06 per lb)  http://www.filcocarting.com ($15 per 23 gallon container)  Including students & staff:  a topic which can engage & educate (esp. traditional forms)  later phase in program = collection of their food waste (cafeterias / classrooms / office areas) 10