1. Foundations of Individual Behavior
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2. Paddling against the tide...

3. Human Behavior
• Behavior means to react or act in a specified
way.
• It is something that the individual does which
may be measurable and observable.
Within an
Individual
External Environment

4. S – R Model of Human Behavior
Individual
Stimulus
•A stimulus is an agent which
may directly have an impact on
the individual
•May be internal or external
Response

5. Modified version of S-R Model
Stimulus
(Input)
Sensation
Receiving Info
F
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
Perception
Core cognitive process
Decision Making
Action Taking
Response
(Output)
O
r
g
a
n
i
s
m

7. Biographic
al
Characteris
tics
Ability
Learning
• Age
• Gender
• Marital Status
• Tenure
• Religion
• Sexual orientation
and Gender Identity
• Intellectual
Abilities
• Physical Abilities
• Theories of
Learning
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8. Biographical Characteristics
Productivity
Absenteeism
Turnover
Job Satisfaction
Age
Unrelated,
Inverse
relationship
Based on
Avoidable &
Unavoidable
Absents
Less
Turnover
Evidence is
mixed
Gender
No significant
difference
Wm have
higher rates
No major
differences
No significant
evidence
Marital Status
(Married ees)
Not enough
studies
Fewer Absences Undergo less
turnover
More satisfied
Tenure
+ ve relation
b/w seniority &
prod
Negatively
Related
Positively
Related
Longer the
tenure lower
the turnover
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9. Biographical Characteristics
• Some other biographical characteristics
– Reservations
– Religion
– Sexual Orientation

11. Ability
• Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to
perform the various tasks in a job.
• It is a current assessment of what one can do.
Physical
Ability
Intellectual
Ability

12. Ability
Ability refers to an
individual’s capacity to
perform the various
tasks in a job
Intellectual abilities
are those needed to
perform mental
activities
Physical Abilities: The
capacity to do tasks
demanding stamina,
dexterity, strengths and
similar characteristics
•Number aptitude
•Verbal Comprehension
•Perceptual speed
•Inductive and Deductive
Reasoning
•Spatial Visualization
•Memory
•Strength factors
Dynamic,
Trunk, Static,
Explosive
•Flexibility Factors
Extent and
Dynamic
•Other Factors
Body
Coordination,
Balance,
Stamina
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13. Intellectual Ability

14. Physical Ability

15. Self Study
Ways to combat individual differences