Electrical converters are devices that convert electrical energy from one form to another. Common conversions include changing voltage levels (such as stepping voltage up or down), changing current from alternating current to direct current, and changing frequencies. Key converter devices include transformers, which change voltage levels on AC systems; inverters and rectifiers, which convert between AC and DC; and cycloconverters, which change frequencies. Understanding electrical conversions is important for obtaining the proper electrical characteristics for different equipment and applications, ensuring efficiency, and allowing the use of electronic components that require low voltage DC power.

1. Electrical Converter
Olnes Yosefa Hutajulu
13/352611/PTK/8902

2. Electrical Converter
Electrical energy conversion is convert electrical energy from one
form to another
For example :
1 . Convert the high voltage to low voltage or from low voltage to high voltage on
the alternating current (AC) system.
2 . Convert the frequency from high frequency to low frequency or from low
frequency to high frequency.
3 . Convert the electrical from AC to DC.
4 . Ect.
Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_conversion

3. Power converter is a device used to convert the electrical energy .
For example :
1 . The device to convert voltage from high to low or from low to high on the
AC system is the transformer.
2 . The device to convert frequency from high to low or low to high is
cycloconverter
3 . The device to convert AC to DC is inverter and DC to AC is converter.
4 . Etc.
Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_conversion

4. One way of classifying power conversion systems is according to whether the
input and output are alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), thus
Input
Output
Converter Device
DC
DC
•DC-to-DC converter
•Voltage stabiliser
•Linear regulator
AC
DC
•Rectifier
•Mains power supply unit (PSU)
•Switched-mode power supply
DC
AC
•Inverter
AC
AC
Transformer/autotransformer
Voltage converter
Voltage regulator
Cycloconverter
Variable-frequency transformer
Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_conversion

5. Electrical conversion is needed to obtain electrical characteristics in accordance
with the needs of the equipment.
This is required because:
1 . Standard electrical equipment that used by each country is different
( example : the countries in the Americas using a standard frequency of 60 Hz and voltage
of 110 volts while europe and asia using standard frequency of 50 hz 220 volts ) .
2 . For purposes of efficiency and optimization
( to reduce the size of the cable conductors and reducing losses in the AC system , it is
necessary to change the voltage from low voltage to high voltage ) .
3 . To obtain a more compact devices form need electronic semiconductor components that
( electronic semiconductor components such as microprossesor , microcontrollers ,
transistors, and diodes require a low voltage DC ) .
4 . Ect.
Sumber : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_conversion

6. Transformator
Transformator is a device to convert voltage from high to low or from low to high
on the AC system with same frequency.
The basis of the theory of the transformer are as follows:
“If there is a alternating electrical current that flows around an iron core then
the core iron it will turn into a magnet and if the magnet is surrounded by a
winding it on both ends of the winding voltage difference will occur around the
magnet, so that there will be an electromotive force”.
Transformer is required to obtain efficiency and optimization in AC power
system.

7. Transformator
The type of transformer are:
•Transformer that convert voltage from low to high is called transformator step-up.
•Transformator that convert voltage from high to low is called transformator step-down.
The transformer formula to convert voltage is:
Where:
Pp = primary power
Ps = secondary power
Np = primary winding
Ns = secondary winding
Vp = primary voltage
Vs = secondary voltage
Ip = primary current
Is = secondary current
Symbol of transformer
http://dunia-listrik.blogspot.com/2009/01/transformator.html

8. Thank you