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Letter from birmingham jail 1
1. One of the best texts for identifying rhetorical
principles, strategies, and terms!
2. âPublic Statement by
Eight Alabama
clergymenâ published
in the Post Herald.
The clergy make 4
specific accusations:
â˘King is an outsider.
â˘He should negotiate for
change rather than
demonstrate.
â˘Their actions are
âuntimelyâ
â˘There is NO justification
for breaking the law.
3. â˘Paragraph 1 is an introduction
â˘Paragraphs 2-3 King explains why he is NOT an outsider.
â˘Paragraphs 5-11 King explains organization has TRIED to negotiate, and will
again.
â˘Paragraphs 12-14 King refutes the accusation that his organizationâs actions
are âuntimelyâ.
â˘Paragraphs 15-22 King presents an argument justifying civil disobedience.
King deftly presents his agreement with the clergymen, but redefines the terms
for them.
5. Rhetorical Strategies
ď In paragraph 25:
ď Series of rhetorical
questions crafted with a
parallel structure and
repetition.
ď Alludes to Socrates and
biblical events.
ď Use of analogy
ď Repeats the word
precipitate to emphasize
cause and effect.
ď Final sentence is antithesis
ď In paragraph 31
ď Use of irony with
âextremistâ
ď Repeats the word extremist
so many times it becomes
as ordinary as he claims.
ď The final sentence is an
understatement, which
emphasizes the irony.
6. Repetition
ď Paragraph 44: structure
of a complex sentence
beginning with an âifâ
clause and the phrase âI
have noâŚâ
ď The conjunction âBeforeâ
in two sentences.
ď Repetition is often used
in sermons to encourage
audience members to
remember and, in some
communities, to
respond.
7. SOAP: Letâs clarify!
ď Subject: general
topic/main idea.
ď Occasion: Time, place,
historical context,
circumstances that give
rise to the text
ď Audience: Individual(s) or
group(s) to who the text is
supposed to appeal
ď Purpose: Writerâs or
speakerâs intended reason
for writing or delivering
the text, what the speaker
hopes to achieve
ď Now letâs make it SOAPS
ď Speaker: Identity of the
voice of the text, including
relevant characteristics
such as age, social class,
education, reputation
ď Or SOAPSTone:
ď Include the attitude of the
speaker toward his or her
subject.
Editor's Notes
Paragraph 1 is an introductionParagraphs 2-3 King explains why he is NOT an outsider.Paragraphs 5-11 King explains organization has TRIED to negotiate, and will again.Paragraphs 12-14 King refutes the accusation that his organizationâs actions are âuntimelyâ.Paragraphs 15-22 King presents an argument justifying civil disobedience.King deftly presents his agreement with the clergymen, but redefines the terms for them.