mediterranean, greek, classical, helenistic, sculpture, ancient, egyptian, art, art appreciation, art history

5. Corinthian pilasters on a Buddhist stupa of green schist at Mingora, in the Upper Swat Valley, Pakistan. 2 nd Century CE Gandhara Buddha. 1st-2nd century CE. Herculean depiction of Vajrapani (right), as the protector of the Buddha, 2nd century CE Gandhara, British Museum.

7. Three goddesses (Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite?), from the east pediment of the Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, ca. 438–432 BCE. Marble, greatest height approx. 4’ 5”. British Museum, London.

11. Dying Gaul. Roman marble copy after a bronze original from Pergamon, Turkey, ca. 230–220 BCE, approx. 3’ 1/2” high. Museo Capitolino, Rome.

15. Jeff Koons Michael Jackson and Bubbles , 1988

18. Sleeping satyr (Barberini Faun), from Rome, Italy, ca. 230–200 BCE. Marble, approx. 7’ 1” high. Glyptothek, Munich.

20. Michelangelo Rebellious Slave 1513-16 Marble Height 215 cm (7 ft) Musée du Louvre, Paris

21. ANTONIO CANOVA, Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808. Marble, life-size. Galleria Borghese, Rome.

22. Bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer , Greek, 3 rd -2 nd Century BC From Alexandria, Egypt

23. Auguste Rodin, 1902 “The Boxer,” Roman bronze copy of Greek sculpture by Apollonius the Athenian, 1st century BCE

24. Altar to Zeus in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin. – 2 nd Century BCE

29. The Nazi-era architect Albert Speer used the Pergamon Altar as the model for the Zeppelintribüne, 1934-37

30. Laocoön and his sons, from Rome, Italy, early first century CE Marble, approx. 7’ 10 1/2” high. Vatican Museums, Rome.

35. Portrait of Homer. Marble, Roman copy after a Greek Hellenistic original, 1st to 2nd century AD. From Baiae, Campania. Dimensions H. 57.5 cm (22 ½ in.)

36. The Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of Samothrace, is a third century B.C. marble sculpture of the Greek goddess Nike (Victory).

39. Hermes and the Infant Dionysos , 4 th Century BC

41. The greek god Hermes (Mercurius for the Romans) in the Pio-Clementine Museum is a 1st century Roman copy of the Greek 4th century BCE original from the Praxiteles school.

42. Venus de Milo Parian marble, h 2.02 m (6 1/2 ft) Found at Milo 130-120 BC

43. Salvador Dali, 1936, Venus de Milo with Drawers

52. Portrait of Caracalla, ca. 211–217 CE. Marble, approx. 1’ 2” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

54. Head of a Patrician, Roman, Republic period - 1 st century BC

58. Statue of an old market woman, Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian, 1st century A.D. Roman

64. Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, 164-166 BCE, Bronze

71. Colosseum, Rome, 72-80 CE

79. "Nothing can last forever. Once the sun has shone brightly, it sets in the ocean. The moon wanes after it is full. Thus the ferocity of love often becomes a gentle breeze." ~written in Latin verse on the wall of a house in Pompeii

80. Fayum (or Fayoum) mummy portrait of a young woman with a gilded wreath Encaustic on wood Ancient Egypt, Roman Period A.D. 120-140

83. Desolation, 1836 Oil on canvas

84. Roman statue of Aphrodite – washed up on the coast of Israel on December 14, 2010 after a storm – dating from between 1,700 and 2,000 years ago

85. Key Terms: Icon Isometric Perspective Mosaic Illumination Basilica Cross Plan Central Plan Key Movements: Byzantine Romanesque Gothic Chapter Fifteen Christianity and Formation of Europe

88. The Good Shepherd, the story of Jonah, and orants, painted ceiling of a cubiculum in the Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, Italy, early fourth century.

89. Christ as Sol Invictus, detail of a vault mosaic in the Mausoleum of the Julii, Rome, Italy, late third century. Apollo / Helios, from a Roman floor mosaic. Borrowed iconography of the Greek and Roman gods Apollo and Dionysus

90. Calf Bearer (Moschophoros) , dedicated by Rhonbos on the Acropolis, Athens, ca. 560 B.C. Marble, restored height approx. 5' 5". Jesus as the Good Shepherd. Ceiling - S. Callisto catacomb. - mid 3rd century A.D.

92. Portraits of the four tetrarchs, from Constantinople, ca. 305 CE. Porphyry, approx. 4’ 3” high. Saint Mark’s, Venice.

93. Portrait of Constantine, from the Basilica Nova, Rome, Italy, ca. 315–330 CE. Marble, approx. 8’ 6” high. Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome. A symbol of his continuing presence in Rome after moving the administration to Constantinople His features are exaggerated, especially the geometrical eyes, and his hair is abstracted. This is a precursor to Byzantine art.

97. Reconstruction drawing of the Basilica Nova (Basilica of Constantine), Rome, Italy, ca. 306–312 CE.

103. Restored view (a), plan (b), and section (c) of Old Saint Peter’s, Rome, Italy, begun ca. 320. (The restoration of the forecourt is conjectural.) They added a transept , an elongated rectangle, to the apse as a focal point. This constructed the cross plan Demolished in 1506

106. Christ before Pilate, folio 8 verso of the Rossano Gospels, early sixth century. Tempera on purple vellum, approx. 11” X 10 1/4”. Diocesan Museum, Archepiscopal Palace, Rossano.

108. Europe and the Byzantine Empire ca. 1000

110. Hagia Sophia – 532-537 – dome rises 183 feet above the floor Converted to a mosque in 15 th Century

111. Aerial view of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526–547. Centrally planned, with a major vertical axis/emphasis

112. National Jewish – Colorado Blvd, Denver

113. Plan of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526–547 .

114. Christ as the Good Shepherd, mosaic from the entrance wall of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 425.

115. Theodora and attendants, mosaic from the south wall of the apse, San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, ca. 547.

116. Portrait of a husband and wife, wall painting from House VII,2,6, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 70–79 CE. Approx. 1’ 11” x 1’ 8 1/2”. Museo Nazionale, Naples.

117. Pantokrator, Theotokos and Child, angels, and saints, apse mosaic in the cathedral at Monreale, Italy, ca. 1180–1190. Note the position and authority of the deity Pantokrator = “Ruler of All” Emphasizes the divine, awe-inspiring majesty of Christ as opposed to his gentle, approachable incarnation as Jesus seen in catacomb murals

118. Interior of Saint Mark’s (view facing east), Venice, Italy, begun 1063. By de-emphasizing the roundness and weight of the human form – artists are expressing the otherworldliness or holiness of these figures floating in a Byzantine vision of heavenly splendor

120. Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo ship burial in Suffolk, England, ca. 625. Gold, glass, and enamel cloisonné with garnets and emeralds, 7 1/2” long. British Museum, London. Massive influx of Germanic peoples – mosrly nomadic tribes

121. Monks copied and illuminated/decorated pages of Scripture and other writings with infinite detail. X-P page From the Lindisfarne Gospel Book

123. robotlab, “The Bible Scribe”, 2007.

124. Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne or Charles the Bald, from Metz, France, ninth century. Bronze, originally gilt, 9 1/2” high. Louvre, Paris. Holy Roman Emperor -crowned politically as well as spiritually

125. Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius, from Rome, Italy, ca. 175 CE. Bronze, approx. 11’ 6” high. Musei Capitolini, Rome.

127. Europe About 1100

128. Battle of Hastings, detail of the Bayeux Tapestry, from Bayeux Cathedral, Bayeux, France, ca. 1070–1080. Embroidered wool on linen, 1’ 8” high (entire length of fabric 229’ 8”). Centre Guillaume le Conquérant, Bayeux. This is one of 72 episodes depicting the Norman invasion. Note the abstracted flattening and use of isometric perspective. The entire piece is like a long picture book, 20 inches high and 231 feet long, that tells the story of the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066.

131. Europe About 1200

133. St. Sernin, Toulouse (nave)

135. Altarpiece, French, 1450-1500 – painted limestone

136. Nave elevations of four French Gothic cathedrals at the same scale (after Louis Grodecki): (a) Laon, (b) Paris, (c) Chartres, (d) Amiens.

139. Aerial view of Chartres Cathedral (from the northwest), Chartres, France, begun 1134; rebuilt after 1194.

140. First tower built between 1134 and 1150 – Romanesque Second tower built between 1142 and 1160 - Gothic

143. Plan of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, as rebuilt after 1194 (after Paul Frankl).

144. Denver’s Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

146. cathedral of st. john in the wilderness

147. Old Testament kings and queens, jamb statues, central doorway of Royal Portal, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145–1155. Romanesque style can be seen in the elongated and flattened bodies of these figures created to embellish architecture

150. Saints Martin, Jerome, and Gregory, jamb statues, Porch of the Confessors (right doorway), south transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1220–1230.

151. Visitation, jamb statues of central doorway, west facade, Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, ca. 1230. Contrapposto Drapery articulates the bodies underneath

153. Virgin and Child and angels (Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière), window in the choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1170, with 13th century side panels. Stained glass, 16’ X 7’ X 8”. Like the gold of Byzantine depictions the gemlike colors of stained glass represent a medieval vision of heavenly splendor

154. Rose window and lancets, north transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1220. Stained glass, rose window approx. 43’ in diameter.

155. Gerhard Richter 4096 Colours 1974 254 cm X 254 cm Enamel on canvas

156. Gerhard Richter, window for Cologne Cathedral in Germany – August 2007

157. Blanche of Castile, Louis IX, and two monks, dedication page (folio 8 recto) of a moralized Bible, from Paris, France, 1226–1234. Ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum, 1’ 3” X 10 1/2”. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.

158. CIMABUE, Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets, ca. 1280–1290. Tempera on wood, 12’ 7” x 7’ 4”. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

159. Duccio, Christ Entering Jerusalem , detail of Maesta Alter, 1308-11, Tempra on Panel, 40x21” By the early 1600’s we begin to see a break with the Middle Ages art styles in favor of: - Naturalistic spatial techniques - Realistic proportion - Depiction of movement Two artists very influential in making this transition, which is considered a precursor to the Renaissance style, are Duccio and Giotto.

160. Fresco wall painting in a cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale , ca. 40–30 b.c.; Late Republican Roman

161. DUCCIO DI BUONINSEGNA, Betrayal of Jesus, detail from the back of the Maestà altarpiece, from the Siena Cathedral, Siena, Italy, 1309–1311. Tempera on wood, detail approx. 1’ 10 1/2” x 3’ 4”. Museo dell’Opera del Duomo, Siena.

162. GIOTTO DI BONDONE, Lamentation, Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, ca. 1305. Fresco, 6’ 6 3/4” x 6’ 3/4”.