What is a Smart Grid? The Smart Grid Enables the ElectriNetSM Local Energy Networks Electric Transportation Low-Carbon Central Generation What Should Be the Attributes of the Smart Grid? Why Do We Need a Smart Grid? Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid”? Alternative Views of a Smart Grid

1. Introduction to Smart Grids
By
Pasala Naresh
JCE College of Engineering

2. Birds Eye View
• Introduction
• Evolution of Smart Grids
• Draw backs of Traditional Power System
• ElectriNetSM
• Smart grid attributes
• Challenges in smart grid implementation
• Why do we need a smart grid?
• Smart Grid is Green Grid?
• Alternate Views of Smart Grid

4. Traditional Power System

5. Draw backs of Traditional Power Systems
• Over strained and interregional bulk power transfer is
limited
• Cannot fully support the integration of renewable energy
• Low reliability of power and outages
• Fluctuating Power quality
• Lack of Consumer Discipline
• Increasing levels of Green house gases
• Almost Zero Customer Participation
• Low billing and collection
• Less Efficiency

6. Evolution of Smart Grids
Motivating Factors
• Global Warming
• Low reserve margins
• High AT&C losses
• Poorly planned distribution
network
• Low metering efficiency and bill
collection
• Power Theft and pilferage
• Green house gas emissions
• Peak Demand management
Key Contributors
• Electricity Act 2003
• APDRP
• R-APDRP
• Power System
Privatization
• Renewable
Generations
• ICT revolution

7. What is Smart grid?
• A network created through the combination of
Information Technology, Communication
technology and Electrical Power System
IT + CT + PS ICT + PS
• A grid, remarkable in its intelligence and
impressive in its scope which offers valuable
technologies that can be deployed in the near
future
• In simple Words -> Smarter Power Grid (or)
Intelligent Grid

8. Definition
• The term “Smart Grid” was coined by Andres E. Carvallo on
April 24, 2007 at an IDC energy conference in Chicago.
• Definition: Smart grid is integration of an electric power system,
communication network, advanced Sensing, metering,
measurement infrastructure, complete decision support and
human interfaces software and hardware to monitor, control
and manage the creation, distribution, storage and
consumption of energy.
The smart grid is not a thing but a vision to achieve !!

9. What smart grid does?
• Decentralization of Generation resources
• Integration of all sources of energy, mainly renewable
• Continuous monitoring and feedback
• Establishes a twoway communicationbetween utilities and
the consumers
• Reduces stress on power system infrastructure
• Manages Peak loads
• Continuous Self-healing

10. Smart Grid Vision
CHP - Combined heat and power
An efficient and clean approach to generating
electric power and useful thermal energy from a
single fuelsource.

11. Smart Grid-Attributes
,HTLS, DLR, WAMS, FACTS and HVDC

12. Stages in smart grid evolution

13. Smart City Attributes
Smart building: With Roof top solar, micro grid model, e-gas Smart
Home: Home automation, security and monitoring systems Water
Management: Rain water harvesting, water treatment plants, etc., Waste
Management: Bio-gas generation plants from waste, Sewage treatment
plants
Def: A city with high-
tech communication
capabilities using digital
technology to enhance
performance, reduce
costs and resource
consumption, and
improve overall system
efficiency.

14. Challenges in implementing Smart Grids
• Policy and regulation
• Ageing and outdated Infrastructure
• Lack of integrated communication platform
• High Capital and operating costs
• Big Data Handling
• Compatibility of older equipment
• Lack of standards for interoperability
• Smart Grid Cybersecurity
• Lack of Smart consumers

15. Smart Grid Technologies
Transmission Automation
• Dynamic Line rating
• High Temperature Low sag conductors
• HVDC and FACTS
• Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS)
• Renewable Energy Management System
• Energy Storage Technologies
• UHV AC – 800kV and 1200kV
• Sub Station Automation
Distribution Automation
• Smart metering and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
• Demand Response Programs/ Demand side management
• Peak load management
• Outage management
• Power Quality Management

16. ElectriNetSM

17. The ElectriNet will balance supply and demand using storage,
renewable, demand response, electric transportation, and enhanced
power delivery technologies.
ElectriNetSM

18. g
Local Energy Networks
Examples of local energy networks include: a factory, a
neighborhood, or a group buildings.
 They incorporate the sensing, monitoring, and data that enables
the local area’s power to be self-healing, secure, self-correcting,
etc.
 Local energy networks increase the independence, flexibility,
and intelligence for optimizing the performance of energy use and
management at the local level.
With the move to decentralized electric production, local energy
networks will provide the ability to produce more power close to
where it is consumed.

19. g
Local Energy Networks

20. Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV’s) can be recharged
during low cost off-peak hours. PHEV’s represent both a
controllable load and on-site storage of electricity.
With 72% of U.S. oil consumption going to transportation,
electric vehicles represent an opportunity to reduce dependency on
foreign oil and for consumers to save money. Current technology
can run a PHEV on the equivalent of 75¢ per gallon gasoline!
They draw power at a rate of 1.4-2KW
which is easily supplied by standard
home wiring. Note that a standard 20A,
120V socket is 2.4KW

21. Local Energy Networks
Electric Transportation

22. An essential component of the ElectriNetsm is low-carbon central
generation. There will be a need for large scale central electricity
production for the foreseeable future.
The ElectriNetsm makes possible multiple central generation sources
linked by high voltage connections. If it is a good production day at
the wind farm or a sunny day at the photovoltaic power plant that
energy can be used.
The Smart Grid will help to provide long distance, low loss
transmission as well as local storage.
Low-Carbon Central Generation

23. Low-Carbon Central Generation

24. Attributes of the Smart Grid
Absolute reliability of supply
Optimal use of bulk power generation and storage in combination with distributed
resources and controllable / dispatchable consumer loads to assure lowest cost
Minimal environmental impact of electricity production and delivery
Reduction in electricity used in the generation of electricity and an increase in the
efficiency of the power delivery system and in the efficiency and effectiveness of
end users.
Resiliency of supply and delivery from physical and cyber attacks and major
natural phenomena (hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc.)
Assuring optimal power quality for all consumers who require it.
Monitoring of all critical components of the power system to enable automated
maintenance and outage prevention

25. Smart Grid-Attributes
,HTLS, DLR, WAMS, FACTS and HVDC

26. The grid has not grown as fast as power production and use.
Congestion, outages, roving brown-outs have resulted. If the grid is
not improved this trend will accelerate.
The traditional grid is designed for centralized production and
downstream distribution. Modern generation is increasingly
distributed
Traditional generation plants can be reliably scheduled, but
renewable resources tend to work on their own schedules.
Technology that can improve power distribution that was not
available when the traditional grid was designed and built is now
available
Why Do We Need a Smart Grid?

27. Smart Grid Benefits

28. Is the Smart Grid a “Green Grid” ?
There are environmental impacts to power production. Global warming
due to increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere might be one of them.
The scientific community is not in agreement over CO2 and global
warming / climate change. Google “climate gate”.
Most people agree that pollution is bad and we should be good stewards of
the Earth. Sulfur, ash, and other pollutants in the atmosphere and deforested
land due to strip mining are issues.
 The Smart Grid and the renewable energy sources that it enables are
environmentally friendly.
Lower transmission and distribution losses means less coal and oil needs to
be burnt to meet our needs

29. Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
Just as there is more than one definition of the Smart Grid, there is
more than one vision of what the Smart Grid should be. There are
many technology options that could be used.
Capgemini’s Vision (www.capgemini.com/energy): Focus should be
on 4 main activities:
1. Gather Data: from many sources on the grid.
2. Analysis / forecasting: the data for operational
and business purposes.
3. Monitor / Manage / act: an operational system that triggers
predefined procedures that log or take action.
4. Rebuild the grid to support bi-directional power flow.

30. Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
IBM’s Vision (www.ibm.com/iibv)
Taken from consumer perspective. Not all customers are the same.
There will be a steady progression toward a “Participatory Network”
of intelligent network connected devices, distributed generation, and
consumer management tools
IntelliGridSM (www.epri-intelligrid.com)
A consortium created by EPRI to pave the way to the IntelliGridSM.
Partners are utilities, manufacturers, and representatives of the public.
Objective:
Greater consumer choice and rapid advances in communications,
computing, and electronics are promoting similar changes in the power
industry. A growing knowledge-based economy requires a digital
power delivery system that links information technology with energy
delivery
.

31. Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
The Modern Grid Strategy (www.netl.doe.gov):
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology
Lab (NETL) is the manager of the Modern Grid Strategy (MGS).
There function is to foster a national vision for the grid among all
stakeholders.
GridWiseTM (www.ElectricDistribution.ctc.con):
The Electric Grid Distribution program of the DOE supports
distribution grid modernization, through development and use of
advanced sensor, communication, control and information technologies
to enable GridWiseTM operations of all distribution systems and
components for interoperability and seamless integration

32. Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
General Electric Vision (www.gepower.com):
GE sees the smart grid as a family of network control systems and
asset-management tools, empowered by sensors, communication
pathways and information tools.
UK SuperGen Initiative (www.supergen-networks.org.uk):
A consortium that has recognized two broad challenges: First, there
are engineering problems created by embedding renewable energy
sources into a distribution network and second there is a need to
develop a market and regulatory environment to encourage the use of
renewables
The Galvin Initiative (www.galvinpower.org):
Inspired and sponsored by Robert Galvin (former CEO of Motorola).
Wants to achieve a consumer focused power system that never fails.

33. Alternative Views of a Smart Grid
Electricite de France (EDF) Power-Strada
EDF proposes to “invent the smart grid”. It defines it as integrating
distributed energy resources with dispersed intelligence and advanced
automation.
European Union Smart Grid (www.smartgrids.eu):
The EU is undertaking various activities to overcome barriers to the
development of smart grids in Europe