1. How Are Cells Specialized?
Chapter 8, Lesson 2

2. Main idea: Complex organisms have many types
of cells. Each cell has special structures that
allow it to carry out specific tasks.

4. Both plants and animals have tissues that
perform specific jobs.
Tissues are groups of cells with a common
structure and function.

5. Types of Tissues
Epithelial tissues:
sheets of cells that
cover surfaces and line
certain body cavities
and blood vessels.
Connective tissues:
joins other tissues
together, stores fat,
and makes blood cells.
Bone and cartilage are
examples

6. Types of Tissues
Muscle tissues: create
movement in one
direction only by
getting longer or
shorter.
Nervous tissue: Some
sends signals to
muscles and others
protects nerves and
provide them with
nutrients

7. Organs: made up of
several tissue types
working together to
perform one or more
functions
Plants have leaves, roots,
and flowers as their
organs
Humans have brains,
hearts, stomachs, and
livers.

8. Organ Systems
Organ systems are
groups of organs that
work together to
perform complex tasks.
Plants have vascular
systems. All of the
plants leaves together
are an organ system.

9. Organisms that are larger and more
complex need more complex organ systems
to maintain life.
Some organs are part of more than one
system.
The hypothalamus is part of the
nervous system and the
endocrine system.

10. Organ System Function
Circulatory System Provides body with oxygen
Urinary System Removes liquid wastes
Musculoskeletal System Supports body and enables
movement
Digestive System Obtains nutrients from foods
Endocrine System Chemical messenger system
Nervous System Controls movements and
other organ systems

11. Endocrine system is a
chemical messenger
system that makes and
sends out hormones
Hormones have many
functions, such as
regulating growth and
blood sugar.
Plants use hormones to
control growth and
other functions.