The document discusses complications and treatment of obesity. It summarizes that obesity affects almost all systems of the body and is associated with various comorbidities related to cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastrointestinal, neurology, oncology, metabolism, and psychology. The prognosis of obesity is usually poor, increasing risks of various diseases. Obesity can be treated through diet, physical exercise, behavioral modification, medications, and bariatric surgery.
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Obesity- Metabolic alterations, complications and treatment
1. SELECTED FOR PUBLICATION
IN STUDENT'S CORNER
COMPLICATIONS AND
TREATMENT OF
OBESITY
Biochemistry For medics
www.namrata.co
2. Presenter Name
Presentation Date
By
B.R-Nabila Aubeeluck
Roll Number 4
3. Metabolic alterations in different
Systems and related complications
Prognosis
Treatment –Diet, Exercise,
Medication & Surgery
Summary
References
Biochemistry For Medics 3
5. 2.Dermatology
Stretch Marks (Striae)
Acanthosis nigricans
Cellulitis
Hirsutism
Intetrigo
Biochemistry For Medics 6
6. 3.Endocrinology&
Reproductive System
Diabetes Mellitus
Menstrual Disorders
Infertility
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Complications of Pregnancy
Birth Defects
Intrauterine Foetal Death
Biochemistry For Medics 7
7. 4.Gastrointestinal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Due to increased BMI
Causes HEARTBURNS
Fatty Liver
Due to insulin resistance
Cholelithiasis
Low fibre, high cholesterol
and starchy food
Biochemistry For Medics 8
8. 6.Neurology
Stroke
Blockage in blood supply to brain
Dementia
More visceral fat-> smaller brain volume
Meralgia Paresthetica
Weight gain->more pressure on lat.cutaneous N of Thigh
Migraines
Multiple Sclerosis
Biochemistry For Medics 9
9. 7.Oncology
Breast Cancer
Oesophageal Cancer
Liver Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
A recent report estimated that
In the United States,14 % of deaths from cancer in
men, and 20% of deaths in women were due to overweight
and
Obesity
Biochemistry For Medics 10
11. 10.Psychology
Depression
Self-loathing
Strongest in younger and
in women
Social Stigmatization
Less chances of
employment, earn less
and less likely to get
married.
Biochemistry For Medics 12
13. Prognosis
With BMI of 25-28.9,
Relative risk of Coronary Heart Disease is 1.72
Increases cardiovascular mortality rate 4 fold
Increases cancer-related mortality rate 2 fold
In total,severely obese people have 6-12 fold
increase in the all-cause mortality rate
Biochemistry For Medics 15
14. Treatment
1.Diet
DON’T’s
DO’s _____________________________
____________________________ Intake of red and processed
Low Calorie diet meat
Smaller meals Intake of simple sugars and
Increase intake of complex refined carbs
carbs and low glycemic Excessive salt intake
index foods Excessive intake of fast foods
Increase intake of mono and calorie-rich soft drinks
and poly saturated fats Intake of saturated fats
Increase consumption of Intake of fad diets
fresh fruits,veg and low-fat
dairy products
Drink good quality water
Biochemistry For Medics 16
15. 2.Physical Exercise
Muscles consume energy from both fat
and glycogen
30 min moderate exercise 5 days a week
Must be combined with proper diet for
effective weight loss
3.Behavioral Modification
& Social Support
Psychological Conselling
Support from near and dear ones
Obesity support groups
Biochemistry For Medics 17
16. 4.Medications
Sibutramine
-An anorectic
Orlistat
-Reccomended dose:10 mg/day
-Side effects:dry mouth,insomnia,high BP
-inhibits pancreatic lipase
-Recommended dose:120mg 3 times daily
5.Bariatric Surgerygas,cramps
-Side effects:Diarrhea,
Gastric Band
Gastric Bypass
Liposuction Biochemistry For Medics 18
17. SUMMARY
Obesity affects almost,if not all,systems of the
body
Prognosis is usually bad
Obesity can be treated!
Dieting,Physical activity,
Medications,Surgery
Biochemistry For Medics 19
18. References & Acknowledgement
World Heath Organisation website
NHS website
Cancer Network website
BBC website
The Guardian
Wikipedia
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence website
Biochemistry-Harper
A case Oriented Approach Towards Biochemistry-
Namrata Chhabra
Biochemistry department-SSRMC
Biochemistry For Medics 20
19. “Eat to live;
Don’t live to
eat!”
Biochemistry For Medics 21