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How fat stem cells could or not form muscle cells (Eng)
1. hMADS cells myogenic potentiality an in vitro investigation Ari Massoudi UMR 6543 CNRS « Stem cells and differentiation » Centre de Biochimie Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis Faculte des Sciences
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3. Mesenchymal Multipotence ALP Ostéonectine Ostéocalcine Ostéopontine Col I 1 … CBFA-1 Osterix SMADs VD 3 R FosB Adipocytes CD36 GAPDH LPL aFABP Leptine Adiponectine Adipsine … Pref-1 C/EBP C/EBP PPAR PPAR C/EBP Induction adipogénique Induction ostéogénique progéniteur précurseur Ostéocytes Alizarin red ORO hMADS cells
4. In vivo hMADS cell myofiber contribution hMADS cells intra-muscular injection previous work of the lab : Human dystrophin expression hMADS nuclei detected in muscles Rodriguez et al. J Exp Med . 2005. several months later mdx mouse Aims : to understand how hMADS cells contibute to skeletal muscle
6. nuclear-LacZ hMADS cells mouse C2C12 myoblasts + human nuclei -gal + human- mouse hybrid myotubes hMADS cells contribute to myotube formation Similar results with : primary wt or mdx mouse myoblasts primary wt human myoblasts human myoblasts from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
7. hMADS cells in co-culture expressed human muscle genes D 0 D 1 D 2 D 4 hMADS cells / C2C12 co-cultures h = human specific primers m = mouse specific primers h sarcospan h dystrophin h muscle creatine kinase h enolase 3 h desmin h actin m hprt muscle markers human muscle cells mouse C2C12 RT-PCR
8. hMADS/C2C12 hybrid myotubes expressed human -sarcoglycan protein hMADS nuclei stained with anti- human nuclei Ab anti human sarcoglycan ( confocal analysis )
9. Human Dystrophin-defective myotubes (from DMD myoblasts) hMADS / DMD co-culture dystrophin staining hMADS cells complemente dystrophin deficiency in human DMD myotubes
10. 3) How have hMADS cells contributed to myotube formation ? 1) hMADS cells are able to fuse with myoblasts 2) After fusion, hMADS cells express muscle genes
11. Hypothesis : Do myoblasts induce myogenic transdetermination of hMADS cells ? Strategy : Assessing " key " Muscle Determination Factors (MDF) expression by hMADS cells in co-cultures How have hMADS cells contributed to myotube formation ? Pax7 ? MyoD ? Myogenin ? hMADS cells Myoblasts inducing factors ? transdetermination « myo »-hMADS cells
12. Myogenin + myoblasts GFP-hMADS cells in co-culture do not express Muscle Determination Factors hMADS cell myotube contribution was not due to transdetermination Similarly : GFP-hMADS cells Myoblasts : Pax7+ GFP-hMADS cells : Pax7- Myoblasts : MyoD+ GFP-hMADS cells : MyoD-
14. myoblasts myotubes human myoblasts GFP-hMADS + mouse C2C12 human nestin staining differentiation No cross-reaction with mouse nestin Human nestin was expressed " only " in hMADS/C2C12 myotubes
15. Conclusion Post-fusion conversion by the myotube differentiation factors By a classical Determination / Differentiation process 2 nd hypothesis 1 st hypothesis Myogenic conversion of hMADS nuclei : sarcoglycan + dystrophin + nestin + sarcospan + desmin + enolase3 + muscle creatin kinase + Myogenin-expressing myoblasts hMADS cells cellular fusion myotube MDFs ( myogenin, herculin, MEFs ) Model of hMADS myogenic conversion
20. Cellules souches (CS) Progéniteurs (Pro) Auto-renouvellement Condition obligatoire, mais… L’auto-renouvellement peut aussi concerner les Pro Multipotence Certaines CS sont « unipotentes » (spermatogonies) Certains Pro sont « multipotents » Clonogénicité Certaines cellules souches ne poussent pas ou mal en dilution clonal Clonogénicté est aussi vrai pour les Pro Phénotype « side population » Controversé ! Ne concernent que quelques rares CS - Activité télomérase Ne concernent que quelques rares CS - Activité phagocytaire ++++ + Non-immunogénicité Vrai pour quelques rares cellules souches (MSC) +/- Marqueurs spécifiques Ne concernent que quelques rares CS (cellules ES, HSC, cellules satellites…)