(Chemistry and Health compenets related to Alcohol)

1. LA C O H O L

2. OC N T E N T S
• 1. Title page
• 2. Contents page
• 3. What is alcohol
• 4. Properties of Alcohol
• 5. Industrial preparation of alcohol
• 6. Industrial preparation: Method 1
• 7. Industrial preparation: Method 2
• 8.Uses of alcohol
• 9. Social and physical effects of
appropriate alcohol consumption
• 10. Social effects
• 11. Physical effects
• 12. Social and physical effects of
inappropriate alcohol consumption
• 13. Social Effects
• 14. Physical effects to the body
• 15. Physical effects to drinker and
others.
• 16. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
• 17. What is FAS?
• 18. Effects of FAS
• 19. Effects of FAS
• 20. Interview: Person 1
• 21. Interview: Person 1
• 22. Interview: Person 2
• 23. Interview: Person 2
• 24. Interesting facts
• 25. Bibliography
• 26. Bibliography

3. Alcohol is an organic,
colourless, liquid
substance which is formed
through the fermentation
of glucose and does not
only refer to alcoholic
beverages.
Alcohol is also known as
ethanol, grain alcohol and
ethyl alcohol.

4. Colourless liquid
Pleasant
smell
Miscible with
water and
organic
solvents.
Volatile
Highly
flammable
Melting point:
-117,3
degrees
Celsius
Boiling point:
78,5 degrees
Celsius

6. Industrial Preparation of
Starch
The potatoes are
crushed and steamed at
very high temperatures to
prepare a starch solution
known as mash.
Germination
Before hydrolysis, the starch
goes through germination at
high temperatures for a few
days. Germinated starch is
known as malt.
Hydrolysis of Starch
Starch is hydrolysed into
maltose by a enzyme called
diastase.
2(C2H22O5) + nH2O
2C12H22O11
DID
YOU
KNOW
that fermentation is also
known as anaerobic
Respiration?
Fermentation
Yeast is added to maltose which
then produces a maltase enzyme
which turns maltose into glucose.
C12H22O11+H2O 2C6H12O6
The enzyme zymase turns glucose
into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
C6H12O6 C2H5OH+2CO2

7. The Preparation of
ethanol by the
fermentation of
molasses.
Molasses is diluted
in water in the ratio
of 1:5 (molasses :
water)
There is very little
nitrogen in water.
Ammonium sulphate is
added so that there is
enough nitrogen for the
yeast.
The solution acidifies with
a small amount of
sulphuric acid. Adding acid
promotes yeast growth but
not the growth of useless
bacteria.
The end solution is put
into a large tank and
yeast is added to it at
30 degrees Celsius
and is kept for 2 to 3
days.
During this time,
sucrase and zymase
which are in yeast
convert sugar into
ethanol.
Molasses is a dark
colourless viscous
liquid
left after the
crystallisation
of sugarcane juice

8. Used as a fuel in
gasoline engines.
It is the only liquid
with gasoline
properties.
Latex
Synthetic
rubber
Polymer resin
Butadiene
(multipurpose raw
material) is made
from ethanol.
Ethanol can be
made into alcoholic
beverages such as
wine, beer, ciders,
etc.
Preserve
antibiotics
Used as a
disinfecting
handwash in
hospitals.
Perfumes
Used to
sooth pain
in wounds.

10. Allows for
good times
Appropriate
celebration
and partying
Brings people
together
Allows
appropriate for
bonding and
friendship

11. Makes people
more relaxed.
Stress
reliever
Red wine is
good for the
heart.

13. You cause family
Conflict and you
Become
embarrassing
You display
aggressive
behaviour.
Loss of job,
therefore,
Loss of income
You become
isolated from
other people

14. Brain damage, Stroke, addiction.
Blurred vision.
Slurred speech
Muscle weakness
Breathing might stop
Heart disease, irregular heartbeat
Stomach Ulcers
Liver disease or failure
Impotence in men,
Infertility in women
Intestinal Cancer
Intestinal Ulcers
Bleeding throat
Osteoporosis

15. Reaction to danger becomes
slower and the drinker puts
himself/herself and others in
danger.
Pregnant drinkers
Give birth to children with
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

17. Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is a series
of abnormalities that are present at
the time that the child is born due
to alcohol consumption by the
mother.
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is
caused by the mother drinking
large amounts of alcohol around
the time that the child is
conceived and during
pregnancy.

19. Retarded
growth
before and
after the
baby is
born.
Model of a
foetal alcohol
syndrome baby
Mental
retardation
and delayed
mental
development
Model of a brain
of a foetal
alcohol
syndrome baby
Thin upper lip
Upturned nose.
Eyelid droop
Small eye openings.
Small head. Heart
Joints
Limbs

21. At what age did start
drinking alcohol?
What are your reasons
for drinking alcohol?
What are types of alcohol
you consume and how
much do they cost?
What are the volumes of
alcohol you consume
per day?
How often do you
consume alcohol?
How does the alcohol
affect you after
consumption?
Where do you drink
alcohol?
Who do you drink
with?
Have you ever passed
out after alcohol
consumption?
20 years old
I drink at parties and
when I’m socialising
and at home to relax.
Nederberg red wine
which costs R70 and
Robertson’s wine
which is R22.
1 glass which is
250ml.
No
3 times a week
I just feel relaxed and
stress-free
At home on most
Occasions.
At dinner with family.

23. At what age did start
drinking alcohol?
What are your reasons
for drinking alcohol?
What are types of alcohol
you consume and how
much do they cost?
What are the volumes of
alcohol you consume
per day?
How often do you
consume alcohol?
How does the alcohol
affect you after
consumption?
Where do you drink
alcohol?
Who do you drink
with?
Have you ever passed
out after alcohol
consumption?
16 years old.
I drink for fun, I enjoy
it, once I start I
can’t stop.
I drink whiskey which is
R175 a bottle, Smirnoff
which is R50 and mostly
beer.
I’m not sure, whenever
I get the chance I
just drink.
Yes.
Everyday of every
week.
I feel drowsy, it helps
me fall asleep
At home.
Friends and
Roommates.

24. Ethanol is carcinogen
which means it is a
cancer causing agent.
Alcohol does not raise
the body temperature,
it makes it lower.
Most vegetables and
almost all fruit contain
a small amount of
alcohol in them
The human body
produces alcohol
naturally,
24 hours a day.
There is a cloud of
alcohol in space, enough
to make four
trillion-trillion
drinks

25. Site Topic Date accessed
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol Ethanol 21/05/2011
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/ethanol_fu
el
Ethanol fuel 21/05/2011
Scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemwee
k.pdf/ethanol.pdf
Ethanol 21/05/2011
www.businessweek.com Ethanol: Myths and
Realities
21/05/2011
www.ethanol.org American Coalition
for Ethanol: Home
22/05/2011
www.drivingethanol.org Driving ethanol 27/05/2011
www.fuelethanolworkshop.com Meet the Ethanol
Industry
27/05/2011

26. Site Topic Date accessed
www.facstaff.gpc.edu Physical science 27/05/2011
www.mine-engineer.com Element pictures 27/05/2011
www.wired.com Pictures 27/05/2011
Focus.aps.org Pictures 27/05/2011
www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Yl-osPy8SM
Properties of Ethanol 28/05/2011
www.infoplease.com Ethanol: Properties 28/05/2011
www.surfacenet.de/assets Pictures 28/05/2011
www.intox.com/t-
Physiology.aspx
Alcohol and the Human Body 30/05/2011