Prokaryotes _Eukaryotes

STRUCTURE, FUNCTION & GROWTH OF PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

The Prokaryotic Cell ,[object Object],1 um

Prokaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

External Prokaryotic Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Flagella Motile bacteria usually have long, thin appendages called FLAGELLA . These protein sub-units are used to propel bacteria through liquids

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spores & Cysts ,[object Object],ENDOSPORES : a dormant , tough, non-reproductive structure produced by a small number of bacteria . The primary function of most endospores is to ensure the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress. They are therefore resistant to ultraviolet and gamma radiation , desiccation , lysozyme , temperature , starvation , and chemical disinfectants . Endospores are commonly found in soil and water, where they may survive for long periods of time e.g. Clostridium (tetanus, gas gangrene), Bacillus (anthrax) CYSTS : also dormant, but unlike endospores are not resistant to heating at high temperatures

Classifying Prokarotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],COMPARTMENTALISATION: very important ! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plant & Animal Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[Stick in & label plant & animal cell diags]

Plasma Membrane ,[object Object],[object Object]

Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object]

Mitochondria ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Golgi Apparatus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Centrioles ,[object Object],[object Object]

Lysosymes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Peroxisomes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Chloroplasts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vacuoles ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cell wall ,[object Object],[object Object]

Similarities between P & E cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Differences between P & E cells ,[object Object],Cell size ranges from 10 – 150um Cell size ranges from 0.5um to 100um No mucilaginous capsule present (numerous internal structures present including microtubules, ER, Golgi, secretory vesicles etc) Mucilaginous capsule Have cilia or flagella (for movement) Have pili & fimbriae (for adhesion) and flagella (for propulsion) Membrane bound organelles (compartmentalisation) No membrane bound organelles Cell walls, if present, made of cellulose (chitin in fungi) Cell walls made of peptidoglycan (Thickness of wall depends on whether the cell is Gram +ve or –ve) Membrane bound nucleus No membrane bound nucleus EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotes _Eukaryotes

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Prokaryotes _Eukaryotes