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931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                              setondnE
97 . . . . . . .  .hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD :5 retpahC
34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                           na'ruQ suoirolG
                            eht morf 'aa'uD :4 retpahC
53 . . . . . . . . . . .
                     'aa'uD gnirewsnA roF
                      snoitautiS enutroppO :3 retpahC
72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                  etteuqitE
                    dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD :2 retpahC
91 . . . . .    eulaV dna ecnessE :'aa'uD :1 retpahC
31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
                                      etoN s'rotalsnarT
9 .........................................noitcudortnI
7 ............................................droweroF
                                          stnetnoC
5                                                                                         stnetnoC
stnetnoC   6
tsom eht dna gnitacilppus fo etteuqite
eht no noitces a sedulcni tI .shtidaH dnuos
dna na'ruQ eht morf detceles ,snoitacilppus
laicifeneb sniatnoc 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC
                                     .srovaedne
sih ni sseccus dna troppus mih tnarg hallA
                                     N
yaM .hcraeser ylralohcs dna ssensuoethgir sih
rof nwonk si ohw ,ysiareJ-lA namhaR-ludbA
delahK yb 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC daer evah I
                       .)snoinapmoc( habaahas
sih dna ylimaf sih ,mih nopu eb ecaep dna
sreyarp s'hallA yaM .regnesseM yhtrowtsurt
,lufhtiaf dna evals siH si    |    dammahuM
taht yfitset I dna ,stnatsissa ro srentrap
tuohtiw enola ,hallA tub doG on si ereht
taht yfitset I .sgnisselb suoreneg siH rof miH
knaht dna tlaxe od I .]pleh rof[ miH etacilppus
ot elpoep ,kooB tsefinam siH ni ,segaruocne
eH dna ,srekees rof nepo setaG siH speek
eH .droL gniraC dna luficreM eht ,pihsrow
fo yhtrow gniK eht ,hallA ot eb esiarP
                 droweroF
7                                   droweroF
.H 1241/9/1
neerbiJ-lA namharrudbA-nbI halludbA
                         .)snoinapmoc( habaahas
sih dna nik sih ,dammahuM tehporP
siH nopu eb ecaep dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM
                        .retfaereH eht dna dlrow
siht ni sriaffa sih ni mih pleh dna spets sih mrif
ekam ,sseccus delahK tnarg       N    hallA yaM
                                   .snoitacilppus
gnirewsna fo snoitidnoc dna semit enutroppo
droweroF                                        8
lla ta laicifeneb era taht snoitacilppus fo
noitcelloc a hannuS eht dna na'ruQ eht morf
detceles - ecarG s'hallA yb - evah I ,pihsrow fo
ecnesse eht dna ,sreveileb fo ytivitca tsetaerg
eht ,yaD detnioppA eht rof noisivorp
tseb eht si )noitacilppus( 'aa'uD ecniS
                                       .srewollof
sih dna snoinapmoC lufhtiaf sih ,nik sih
,mih nopu eb ecaep dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM
.lla fo elbaronoh tsom eht ,regnesseM dna
evals siH si dammahuM taht yfitset osla
             |
I .doG ylno dna enO eht si eH timda ot dna
,miH htiw srentrap on eralced ot ynomitset
a si sihT .hallA tub doG on si ereht taht yfitset
I .semit lla ta su seciffus eH .miH knaht I
                                        .esidaraP
ni edoba lanrete na meht stnarg dna ,eriflleH
eht morf meht sevas eH ;ytnuob siH fo erom
meht stnarg eH ,esnopser ni dna ,miH ot yarp
yehT .miH ot lufetarg dna lufhtiaf era ohw
esoht ot suoreneg gnieb rof hallA ot eb esiarP
                 noitcudortnI
9                                  noitcudortnI
si       N    hallA .noitanimessid dna gniziromem
,gnidaer ,gnitirw fo snaem yb noitomorp
sti      ni    devlovni     esoht    nopu    eb    sgnisselb
siH          yaM      . |   tehporP    siH    fo     hannuS
eht      gnitomorp          hguorht    N     hallA    esaelp
ot dednetni si krow siht otni tup troffe ehT
     .milsuM hihaS dna irahkuB-LA hihaS morf
nekat era hannuS eht morf snoitacilppus ehT
.saruS fo redro eht ot gnidrocca degnarra
era       snoitacilppus         cina'ruQ     detceles   ehT
                   .hannuS eht morf   'aa'uD :5 retpahC
                                      na'ruQ
               suoirolG eht morf     'aa'uD :4 retpahC
                          'aa'uD gnirewsnA
               rof snoitautiS enutroppO :3 retpahC
                                    etteuqitE
                    dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD :2 retpahC
              eulaV dna ecnessE :   'aa'uD :1 retpahC
                                                   :sretpahc
evif          fo     stsisnoc   'aa'uD evisneherpmoC
                                  .smilsuM ot laicifeneb
ti ekam       hallA yam - seireS noisivorP
                    N
s'reveileB ehT eht ni 2 kooB stneserper ,'aa'uD
evisneherpmoC deman ,noitceles sihT .lla yb
desu dna tnrael ylisae eb nac taht dna ,semit
noitcudortnI                                             01
.H 1241/8/1 ,hdayiR
 ysiareJ-lA delahK
           .tnecifingaM eht ,hgiH tsoM eht
,miH htiw tpecxe thgim ro rewop on si erehT
.reyarp siht gnirewsna fo elbapac enO eht
11                             noitcudortnI
21
.seitluciffid detcepxe htiw denrecnoc
ylniam si tI .hsilgnE ni noitaretilsnart
eht gnidaer rof ediug noitaicnunorp a si txeN
    .lanigiro cibarA eht yb neht ,)sesehtnerap
ni( hsilgnE ni gninaem eht fo noitalsnart
a yb dewollof ,lanigiro cibarA eht fo
)scilati ni( noitaretilsnart hsilgnE na :tamrof
siht ni sraeppa noitacilppus hcae ,txet siht nI
    .milA ni devlovni esoht fo lla dna llahtciP
drawer hallA yaM .pleh taerg a neeb sah
swodniW rof milA eht taht dna ,noitalsnart
s'llahtciP morf nekat era telkoob siht
ni sesrev cina'ruQ eht fo sgninaem eht taht
egdelwonkca ot ekil dluow rotalsnart ehT
                .srewollof sih dna snoinapmoC
sih ,nik sih ,dammahuM tehporP siH
nopu eb sgnisselb dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM
                              .hallA ot eb esiarP
             .meehar-rinaamhar-rihaal-limsiB
            etoN s'rotalsnarT
31                           etoN s'rotalsnarT
41
.]S ni sa hteet
rewol dna reppu eht ot resolc
si eugnot eht fo pit eht[ ssim ,ees     S         /s/
                             emoH       +vvvv     /h/
             .taorht eht hguorht
separcs ria eht tub ,'tah` ni
'h` eht ekil sdnuos ti ;)denepo(
ahataf ,)desiarp( adamah                M        / h/
                                                  Ï
               .hteet eht neewteb
si pit eugnot eht - htiw ,tahT          P        / d/
                                                  --
                     htlaeh ,kcihT      K        /ht/
                                      sretteL
           selpmaxE                   cibarA
                                                lobmyS
                      .slobmys noitaicnunorp
eht ,tnetxe taerg a ot ,gnitneserper
sdrow era ereht ,segap owt hcae
fo mottob eht tA .noitaicnunorp cibarA
fo noitamixorppa deifilpmis a sedivorp
dna smret lacinhcet sdiova tI .lanigiro
cibarA eht fo noitaretilsnart eht gnidaer
etatilicaf ot smia ediuG noitaicnunorP sihT
            ediuG noitaicnunorP
51                              ediuG noitaicnunorP
.noitcirf a gnisuac meht hguorht
gnissap ria htiw ,htuom eht fo foor
eht sehcuot eugnot eht fo kcab
eht - )eman( dilahK ,ssenhguoL            N   /   hk/
                         woc ,keeW        h   / / w
 .htuom eht fo foor eht sehcuot
eugnot eht fo kcab ehT .)'tfel`
cibarA( aradaahg ,)hcnerF
eht yb decnuonorp sa( siraP               Z   /   hg/
  ./d/ naht relluf sdnuos tI .htuom
eht fo foor eht fo tnorf eht sehcuot
,flesti pit eht naht rehtar ,eugnot
eht fo tnorf eht tub ,'dum` dna
'gud` ni sa ,'d` rettel eht ekil sdnuoS   V   /   D/
        .D ni sa egdir hteet eht ot
resolc si eugnot eht fo pit eht[ dad      O   / / d
                        hsup ,tuohS       T   /   hs/
                              .edisni
morf hteet reppu eht sehcuot
pit eugnot ehT .relluf tub ,'suht`
ni sa ,'ht` srettel eht ekil sdnuoS       X   / / Z
                                                  Ï
                       esaelp ,oreZ       R   / / z
 .htuom eht fo foor eht fo tnorf
eht sehcuot eugnot eht fo tnorf
eht ;relluf tub ,'nos` dna 'nus`
ni sa ,'s` rettel eht ekil sdnuoS         U   / / S
ediuG noitaicnunorP                                     61
.pots ro esuap uoy fi meht daer
ton oD .no daer uoy fi stekcarb
eht edisni slobmys eht ecnuonorP                      )(
       .no daeR .esuap TON oD                          -
                                dnif ,eci            /ya/
             )detsaf( amaaS ;)dias(
alaaq :sdrow cibarA - rac ,rats                      /aa/
  .)denruter( abaa ;)deid( ataam
:sdrow cibarA - dam ,mad                             /aa/
                       yppah ,erimdA                  /a/
                             .leef ,laeD             /ee/
                                  .nis ,ni            /i/
                  tiurf ,puorg ,nooM                 /uu/
                   tup ,d  luoc ,dluohS               /u/
            .htuom eht fo foor eht
fo tnorf eht sehcuot ,pit eht naht
rehtar ,eugnot eht fo tnorf ehT
.'rataQ` dna 'rettub` ni sa ,relluf
tub ,'t` rettel eht ekil sdnuoS                W     /T/
                   .eson eht sdrawot
de t r e v id si r i a d n a , s u o i v b o
ssel tub ,'n` rettel eht ekil
sdnuos ti - knom ,knat ,gniR                          n
                                                      j
                                                     /l /
                                                     .
                         )tsohg( teerfi'
,)kcab emoc( du' ,)eman( tafara'               Y      /z/
71                                      ediuG noitaicnunorP
./allaj
aw azzaz/     :sa ti daeR .hallA ot
eb ytsejam dna ronoH :snaem tI                N
                                  ./mallas
- a w i h ya l az uh a a l-l a ll a S/ :s a
ti daeR .mih nopu eb ecaep dna
sreyarp s'hallA yaM :snaem tI                 |
ediuG noitaicnunorP                               81
.hannuS eht dna na'ruQ eht morf stnemetats
yb detsefinam sa   'aa'uD fo eulav dna ecnesse
eht etartsnomed ot yrt lliw ew ,swollof tahw
nI .sdrawer eb tsum ereht ,sdeed elbaulav
rof dna ,ecruos a eb tsum ereht ,hturt yreve
rof ;noitacilppus fo eulav dna ecnesse eht otni
thgisni rof llac ylevitcelloc yeht woh wohs lliw
stnemetats i'rahS tnaveler fo noitagitsevni
luferaC   .   N   hallA   tuohtiw   od   tonnac
eno woh fo noisserpxe na si ti rof ,pihsrow
fo ecnesse eht seidobme )noitacilppus(   'aa'uD
              eulaV dna ecnessE
                    'aa'uD
                  1 retpahC
91                                   1 retpahC
I .hgin ma I ylerus neht ,eM gninrecnoc
uoy noitseuq stnavres yM nehw dnA )681(``
,syas hallA ,681 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS nI
                ''.decargsid ,lleh retne lliw yeht
,ecivres yM nrocs ohw esohT !oL .reyarp ruoy
raeh lliw I dna em otnu yarP :dias sah droL
ruoy dnA )06(`` ,syas eH ,rifahG taruS nI
                           ''.meht no dewotseb
evah ew tahw fo dneps dna ,epoh dna raef
ni droL rieht otnu yrc ot sdeb rieht ekasrof
ohW )61(`` ,syas eH ,hadjaS-sA taruS nI
                                        ''.etargni
rotiart yreve evas sngis ruO seined enoN
.esimorpmoc meht fo emos ,dnal ot efas meht
sgnirb eH nehw tuB .ylno miH rof erup htiaf
rieht gnikam ,hallA otnu yrc yeht ,sgninwa
ekil meht sduorhsne evaw a fi dnA )23(`` ,syas
eH ,)23( hayA ni ,oslA ''.taerG eht ,emilbuS
eht si eH ,hallA esuaceb dna ,eslaF eht si
miH ediseb ekovni yeht hcihw taht dna ,eurT
eht si eH ,hallA esuaceb )os si( tahT )03(``
,syas   N   hallA ,)03( hayA ,namquL taruS nI
   pihsroW fo ecnessE eht si noitacilppuS 1.1
eulaV dna ecnessE :'aa'uD                      02
dnA ... )011(`` ,syas            , r                 u
                               e
                        N halrlAya'raPsIs-il'Aaat'aurDS3n.1I
                                    )2(
                                        ''.yaD
noitcerruseR eht no )srewollof/noitan(
hammu ym fo rovaf ni noissecretni rof
enim derots evah I tub ,noitacilppus laiceps
a dah tehporp yrevE`` ,syas    tehporP ehT
                                     |
                retfaereH eht ni noissecretnI
rof   'aa'uD sih tpeK sah | tehporP ehT 2.1
                                        )1(
                                           ''.pihsrow si
noitacilppuS`` ,syas     | dammahuM tehporP
                              ''.srevir uoy otnu
ngissa lliw dna snedraG uoy otnu ngissa lliw
dna ,snos dna htlaew htiw uoy pleh lliw dnA
)21( ,niar suoetnelp ni uoy rof yks eht esool
tel lliw eH )11( .gnivigroF reve si eH !oL .droL
ruoy fo nodrap keeS :dias evah I dnA )01(``
,syas  N  hallA ,)21-01( shayA ,haoN taruS nI
                                       ''.thgira
del eb yam yeht taht redro ni ,eM ni tsurt meht
tel dna llac yM raeb meht tel oS .eM otnu seirc
eh nehw tnacilppus eht fo reyarp eht rewsna
12                                            1 retpahC
)5(
                              ).meht no ycrem
evah ot hallA gniksa yllautca tub )4(,'meht rof
yarp ,hallA O` gninaem yllaretil( /mihyalaz
eellaS ,ammuhaalla/ :meht rof deyarp
eh ,)ytirahc yratnulov ;haakaz( haqadas
rieht htiw gnimoc elpoep deviecer tehporP
                                     |
eht revenehW`` ,htidaH eht ot gnidroccA
                                     ''.....meht
rof tnemegaussa na si reyarp ruoY !oL .meht
rof yarp dna ... )301(`` ,syas osla eH ''.meht
rof gnireffo elbatpecca na si ti ylireV !oL
.hallA fo thgis eht ni sgnireffo elbatpecca
sa regnessem eht fo sreyarp eht osla
dna...)99(`` ,syas eH ,habwaT-tA taruS nI
''.noitatulas yhtrow a htiw mih etulas dna mih
no sgnisselb ksA !eveileb ohw uoy O .tehporP
eht no sgnisselb rewohs slegna siH dna
hallA !oL )65(`` ,syas eH ,bazhA-lA taruS nI
                   )3(
                      ''.'aa'ud htiw noitcennoc ni
delaever saw hayA ehT`` ,ahsiA ot gnidroccA
,'aa'ud ot srefer hayA siht ni 'haalaS` ''.neewteb
yaw a wollof tub ,niereht tnelis tey ron haalas
ruoy ni deciov duol ton eb ,)dammahuM( uoy
eulaV dna ecnessE :   'aa'uD                   22
eht ni erutrot morf hallA ni egufer kees` ot
desu       tehporP eht ,sreyarp sih nI             ''.mih
                                             )6(
       |
no wotseb uoy tahw sselb dna ,nerdlihc
dna htlaew sih esaercni ,hallA O :dias
|    tehporP eht ,sanA rof yarp ot mialuS-mU
yb deksa nehW`` ,htidaH eht ot gnidroccA
               ".eriF fo mood eht morf su draug
dna ,doog si hcihw taht retfaereH eht ni dna
doog si hcihw taht dlrow eht ni su otnu eviG
!droL ruO" :syas ohw eh si )osla( meht fo dnA
)102(`` ,syas   N   hallA ,haraqaB-lA taruS nI
                             retfaereH eht ni
dna woN laicifeneB si 'aa'uD ,detpeccA fI 5.1
                          .]32   hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS[
''!tsol eht fo era ew ylerus ,su no ycrem ton
evah dna ton su evigrof uohT fI .sevlesruo
degnorw      evah    eW   !droL       ruO     ...)32(``
:noitacilppus siht eb ot dias era 'sdrow`
ehT ''.luficreM eht ,gnitneleR eht si eH
!oL .mih drawot detneler eH dna ,)noitalever
fo( sdrow droL sih morf deviecer madA nehT
)73(`` ,syas    N   hallA ,haraqaB-lA taruS nI
            )ecnatnepeR( habwaT si 'aa'uD 4.1
32                                        1 retpahC
doog tpecxe efil gnolorp nac gnihton
dna ,noitacilppus tpecxe eerceD eniviD
treva nac gnihtoN`` ,syas     tehporP ehT
                              |
         eerceD eniviD trevA naC 'aa'uD 8.1
                            )9(
                               ''.)gnihtemos
rof( miH gniksa sdnah sih pu stup eh
fi dednah-ytpme tnacilppus a yawa nrut ton
seod eH taht suoreneg dna yhs os si ,detlaxE
eht ,desselB eht ,droL ruoY`` ,syas osla eH
                        )8(
                            ''.'aa'ud naht hallA
ot reraed si gnihtoN`` ,syas  |     tehporP ehT
                hallA ot tseraeD si 'aa'uD 7.1
                                     ''.doog eht
otnu hgin si hallA fo ycrem ehT !oL .epoh dna
raef ni miH no llac dna ,)foereht( gniredro
riaf eht retfa htrae eht ni noisufnoc ton kroW
)65(`` ,syas N     hallA ,faar'A-lA taruS nI
          elpoeP dooG fo lacipyT si 'aa'uD 6.1
                                    )7(
                                       ''.tbed
dna snis ,htaed dna efil fo noitcilffa eht
,lajjaD-dA heesaM-lA fo noitcilffa eht ,evarg
eulaV dna ecnessE :'aa'uD                    42
$$$
  .sretreva mrah dna seno pu-derots ,srewsna
etaidemmi :srovaf ruoY fo erom yb sreyarp
ruo rewsna ,erom etacilppus ew sa ,hallA O
:reyarp siht htiw retpahc siht edulcnoc su teL
                                     )21(
                                         ''.erom
tnarg ot ydaer si hallA`` ,deilper tehporP
                                    |
ehT ''.noitacilppus esaercni lliw ew neht
,lleW`` ,dias ecneidua eht fo enO ''.sevitaler
gnoma ssenevisivid rof ro lufnis gnihtemos
rof yarp ton seod eh taht dedivorp ,mrah fo
tnuoma lauqe na morf mih tcetorp yam eH ro
,mih rof pu ti erots ro yletaidemmi mih rewsna
yam eH :mih srewsna hallA ,gnihtemos rof
setacilppus milsuM a fI`` :dias tehporP ehT
                               |
                    retaL ro renooS laicifeneB
dna elbarewsnA si   'aa'uD s'reveileB ehT 9.1
      )11(
          ".gnitacilppus peek tsum ,erofereht
,uoy ,hallA fo sevals O .tey deneppah
ton sah tahw rof dna deneppah sah tahw
rof doog si 'aa'uD" ,syas osla eH ''.sdeed
                                    )01(
52                                   1 retpahC
62
tehporP eht ,          htidaH eno ot gnidroccA
                     )31(
|
                                             secruoS
laalaH morf eB tsuM sgninraE s'tnacilppuS .2
        ''.yartsa )raf( seog sreveilebsid fo reyarp
ehT .ti hcaer reven lliw ti dna ,htuom sih otnu
emoc yam ti taht )gniksa( retaw drawot sdnah
sih htrof sehcterts ohw eno )ot esnopser eht fi(
sa evas ,lla ta ton meht ot dnopser hallA ediseb
yarp yeht mohw otnu esohT .reyarp laer eht si
miH otnU )41(`` ,syas osla eH ,d'aR-rA taruS nI
                                     ''....miH ediseb
lliw ey tahw pihsrow nehT )51( .)ylno( miH
rof erup noigiler ym gnikam ,pihsrow I hallA
:yaS )41(`` ,syas   N   hallA ,ramuZ-zA taruS nI
                                noitnetnI fo ytiruP .1
                               snoitidnoC 'aa'uD 1.2
         etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC
                       'aa'uD
                     2 retpahC
72                                         2 retpahC
,setacilppus eno nehW`` :syas | tehporP ehT
                hallA gniksA ni etuloseR eB .2
           .)41(''.derewsna eb lliw noitacilppus
ruoy dna ,)won( etacilppus nac uoY`` ,mih
ot dias | tehporP eht ,| tehporP siH rof
deyarp dna hallA desiarp ohw eno eht rof sA
                  ''.sekil eno sa hallA etacilppus
neht dna ,tehporP eht no sgnisselb
siH ekovni neht ,tsrif hallA yfirolg dna
esiarp ot si eno ,haalas setelpmoc eno ecnO``
,dias eh ,nehT ".ytsah oot saw tahT" ,dias
| tehporP eht ,| tehporP eht rof gniyarp
tuohtiw etacilppus milsuM eno draeh gnivaH
|  tehporP siH no sgnisselB siH gnikovnI dna
hallA gnisiarP htiw sreyarP dnE dnA tratS .1
                         etteuqitE 'aa'uD 2.2
.derewsna eb nac sreyarp s'eno taht os )lufwal
yllacimalsI( laalah eb ot evah sgninrae s'eno
,sdrow rehto nI !derewsna eb ot noitacilppus
sih tcepxe nac secruos )lufwalnu
yllacimalsI( maarah morf era gnihtolc
dna knird ,doof esohw nosrep a woh srednow
etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD               82
)71(
                                  ''.ti dediova
syawla snoinapmoC sih dna          |    tehporP
eht ;noitacilppus ni gnimyhr )derutcafunam(
diovA`` :hamirkI ot dias sabbA-nbI
                  .tuohs ro sliated dna gnimyhr
evissecxe esu ylirassecennu ohw stnacilppus
esoht ot gnirrefer eb ot demussa si hayA
siht ni 'srosserggA` ''.srossergga ton sevol eH
!oL .terces ni dna ylbmuh droL ruoy nopu llaC
)!dniknam O )55(`` ,syas hallA ,faar'A-lA taruS
nI .evissergga deredisnoc si 'aa'uD ni gnimyhr
evissecxe yrassecennu fo esu etarebiled ehT
     gnimyhR evissecxE dna gnituohS diovA .4
      .esnopser ytsah a tcepxe ton dluohs enO
)61(
    '' '.derewsna neeb ton sah noitacilppus
ym tub ,detacilppus evah I` ,gniyas tneitapmi
emoceb ton seod eh sa gnol os derewsna eb ot
era snoitacilppus s'enO`` ,syas tehporP ehT
                               |
                      tneitapmI eB toN oD .3
                           )51(
                                ''.miH lepmoc
nac gnihton rof ',hsiw uoy fi em evig ,hallA
O` ,yas ton dluohs eh ;devloser eb dluohs eh
92                                  2 retpahC
ylralucitrap           ,sreyarp          dehsilbatse
esu dluohs eno ,noissergsnart diova ot ,oslA
.tniaf ylbisneherpmocni ron duol rehtien
.e.i ,hguone raelc eb dluohs eciov s'enO
.gnitacilppus nehw tuohs ot ton si eno ,suhT
                                      "!sreveilebsid
tsgnoma sreodgnorw eht hsinup ,luficreM
tsoM eht ,hallA O" ,yarp ot noissergsnart
fo tca na si ti ,ylralimiS "...gnihsinup ni ereveS
enO eht ,hallA O" ,gniyas yb ycrem dna
ssenevigrof rof N hallA ksa ot yrotcidartnoc
si ti ,elpmaxe roF .ylirotcidartnoc etacilppus
ot noissergsnart deredisnoc osla si tI
           )91(".enO gnieeS lla dna gniraeH-lla
eht gnitacilppus era uoY .tnesba ro faed ton si
gnitacilppus era uoy enO eht ;elbatrofmoc eb
,elpoep O" ,dias tehporP eht ",tsetaerg eht si
hallA" ,gnituohs pirt a no milsuM a gniraeH
                        )81(".''aa'uD ni ssergsnart
ohw esoht eb lliw erehT` :yas regnesseM
s'hallA draeh I .lleH morf noitcetorp
rof dna nevaeH rof hallA ksa ,nos ym
O" ,dias laffahguM nbI halludbA ",nevaeH
fo edis thgir eht no ecalap etihw a rof uoY
ksa I !hallA O" ,etacilppus nos sih gniraeh nO
etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :       'aa'uD         03
a fo 'aa'ud eht rewsna ton seod hallA taht
erawa eB .sreyap ruoy rewsna lliw eH taht
tnedifnoc eb tsum uoy ,hallA gnitacilppus
nehW" ,syas       |  dammahuM tehporP
   ''.sU otnu evissimbus erew dna ,raef ni dna
gnignol ni sU otnu deirc yeht dna ,sdeed doog
ni rehto eht htiw eno eiv ot desu yehT !oL
...)91(`` ,syas
              N    hallA ,'ayibnA-lA taruS nI
traeH fo ssenevitnettA dna noissimbuS wohS .6
                                        .stipmra
                                   )22(
etihw gnilaever ,hgih sdnah sih desiar       |
tehporP eht ,niar rof gnitacilppus nehw ,ecnO
    .halbiQ-lA gnicaf tuohtiw niar rof deyarp
)12(
|    tehporP eht ,)hceeps( habtuhk yadirF
a gnireviled elihw taht eurt si ti ,revewoH
      ''.tuo edisni kaolc sih denrut dna halbiQ
  )02(
-lA decaf neht ,llafniar rof detacilppus     |
regnesseM s'hallA`` ,htidaH eht ot gnidroccA
        niaR rof gniyarP nehW ylralucitraP
,sdnaH ruoY esiaR dna halbiQ eht ecaF .5
                .'aa'ud fo yretsam kcal ohw
esoht rof doog si sihT .seno evisneherpmoc
13                                   2 retpahC
fo tca na detreva eh woh denoitnem rehtona
;stnerap sih ot saw eh doog woh denoitnem
eno :sdeed doog rieht htiw sgnisselb
s'hallA ekovni ot dah yehT .tuo teg ot elbanu
erew yeht os ,ecnartne evac eht dekcolb dna
nwod llef kcor gib A .thgin eht yats ot evac a
otni tnew ohw swollef eerht eht tuoba htidaH
nwonk-llew eht ni detcelfer ylraelc si sihT
.sdeed doog sih hguorht pleh rof yarp nac enO
                              sdeeD dooG
ruoY hguorhT sgnisselB s'hallA ekovnI .9
                              ''.od yeht tahw
detiuqer eb lliw yehT .seman siH emehpsalb
ohw esoht fo ynapmoc eht evael dnA
.meht yb miH ekovnI .seman tseriaf eht era
s'hallA )081(`` ,syas eH ,faar'A-lA taruS nI
        semaN tseriaF siH yb hallA no llaC .8
        )42(
            ''....,detacilppus neht ,detacilppus
neht ,detacilppus     |     regnesseM s'hallA
,thgin eno ro ,yad nO`` ,ahsiA ot gnidroccA
                     noitacilppuS ni tsisreP .7
               ".traeh detseretnisid ,tnegilgen
            )32(
etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD             23
$$$
                           .hallA ot gnisaelp
dna elbatpecca eb devlovni troffe elohw eht
yaM .etteuqite 'aa'uD fo stnemele tnatropmi
tsom eht stneserper denoitnemerofa ehT
           )72(
               ''.seno ressel ton ,snoitacilppus
evisneherpmoc esu ot devol      |    regnesseM
s'hallA`` )62(.sgninaem fo sdaol seirrac
tub ,feirb yllacipyt si tI .retfaereH eht dna
dlrow siht fo doog eht gnikees snoitacilppus
eht ot srefer 'aa'ud evisneherpmoC
                 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC esU .01
                                       )52(
                                           .evac
eht fo tuo teg ot elba erew yeht ,yllautneve
dna ,ffo ekorb kcor eht fo trap a ,snoitacovni
rieht fo hcae htiW .renwo lanigiro eht ot
)tiforp sulp ytiuqe( denruter eh hcihw ,tiforp
fo laed taerg a edam ti taht yllufhtiaf os tsurt
s'enoemos retfa dekool eh woh denoitnem
driht eht dna ;snoitatpmet fo etips ni yretluda
33                                   2 retpahC
43
) ''.noitartsorp ni erom etacilppus
,eroferehT82( .noitartsorp gnirud hallA
ot tseraen si enO`` :htidaH eht morf ecnedivE
          .]91 hayA ,qalA-lA taruS[ ''.)hallA otnu(
raen ward dna ,flesruoy etartsorp tuB .mih
ton yebO !yaN`` :na'ruQ eht morf ecnedivE
                          noitartsorP gniruD .1
                            .meht fo emos era
gniwollof ehT .niereht noitacilppus esaercni
dna meht yfitnedi eno taht dednemmocer
si ti ,eroferehT .sreyarp gnirewsna rof secalp
dna semit ,snoitautis elbarovaf ro enutroppo
ot stniop erutaretil hannuS eht ,revewoH
.miH ot ylno sgnoleb snoitacilppus
ot esnopser s'hallA fo egdelwonK
            'aa'uD gnirewsnA
                   roF
          snoitautiS enutroppO
                  3 retpahC
53                                     3 retpahC
miH oT .srentrap tuohtiw enola ,hallA tub
doG on si erehT :si dias reve evah stehporP ew
tseb eht dna ,hafarA fo yaD eht no dias taht
si noitacilppus tseb ehT`` ,syas | tehporP ehT
                           yaD hafarA eht nO .3
                                  )92(''....ecitsujni
na gnireffus nosrep a dna relur tsuj
a ,)tsaf sih skaerb eh llit( nosrep gnitsaf a :era
derewsnanu og ton lliw snoitacilppus esohw
elpoep eerhT`` :htidaH eht morf ecnedivE
              .malsI fo rallip htruof eht ,gnitsaf
htiw noitisopatxuj ni sreyarp gnirewsna
snoitnem hallA ,haraqaB-lA taruS morf shayA
owt eseht nI ''.thgira del eb yam yeht taht redro
ni ,eM ni tsurt meht tel dna llac yM raeb meht
tel oS .eM otnu seirc eh nehw tnacilppus eht fo
reyarp eht rewsna I .hgin ma I ylerus neht ,eM
gninrecnoc uoy noitseuq stnavres yM nehw
dnA )681( .lufknaht eb yam uoy erutnevdarep
taht dna ,uoy dediug gnivah rof hallA yfingam
dluohs uoy taht dna ,doirep eht etelpmoc
dluohs uoy ...)581(`` :na'ruQ eht morf ecnedivE
                                 gnitsaF elihW .2
'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO        63
draeh tehporP eht ,hteedaH eht ot gnidroccA
.rewsna elbarovaf a gnikees fo yaw evitceffe
tsom eht deredisnoc si emaN tsetaerg
siH gnikovni yb         hallA gnitacilppuS
 :emaN tsetaerG siH yb
                       N N hallA gnikovnI .4
                                .)hturt eht swonk
hallA ylnO( mal'a-uhaallaw - yaD hafarA
eht gnirud noitacilppus rof eerf eb ot saw
eh luferac woh ylpmi yam sihT)43(.sreyarp
noonretfa eht dna noon eht denibmoc
dna )33(hafarA fo tnuoM eht no hceeps
trohs a dereviled tehporP eht ,egamirglip
                   |
gnirud taht egdelwonk nommoc si tI
 )23(
     ''].syad rehto no flesti liava ton seod ti sa
,yaD eht fo ytinutroppo eht etsaw ton dluohs
yeht ,dnah rehto eht nO .tol a etacilppus dna
yaD taht ecnarbmemer s'hallA peek ot dnah
eno eht no desivda era smirglip milsuM[
.sreyarp gnirewsna rof emit enutroppo
tsom a si)13(,eriflleH eht morf elpoep
fo tol a sevas hallA nehw ,yaD hafarA ehT
              N
)03(
    ''.tnetepmoc sgniht lla revo si eH dna ,eud
si esiarp lla miH ot ,noinimod eht sgnoleb
73                                    3 retpahC
)63(
                         ''.hallA dna ti neewteb
reirrab on si ereht rof ,eno degnorw eht
fo noitacilppus eht fo eraweB ...`` ,mih ot dias
| tehporP eht ,nemeY ot hda'uM gnidneS
                                degnorW nehW .6
                     ''!tcelfer yeht od elttiL
?hallA ediseb doG yna ereht sI ?htrae eht fo
syoreciv uoy edam htah dna ,live eht sevomer
dna miH otnu seirc eh nehw eno dessertsid
eht srewsna ohw )tseb( eH ton sI )26(`` ,syas
                                  e             s
N hallA ;lmaN-nA taruSssneri ttsniDdnivi eneshi Wih.T
                                                    5
   )53(
       ".rof gniyarp si ehs / eh tahw tnacilppus
eht sevig dna srewsna hallA ,ti yb detacilppus
fi ;emaN tsetaerg siH yb hallA detacilppus
sah nam siht ,si luos ym dnaH esohW ni ,enO
eht yB" ,dias tehporP eht ,'aa'ud siht gniraeh
nO ".elbarapmoc si enon ohW otnu dna
,nettogeb ton si ohW dna ,ton stegeb ohW
,lla fo thguoseb yllanrete eht ,enO eht era
uoY .uoY tub doG on si ereht taht dna ,hallA
era uoY taht yfitset I rof ,uoY gnitacilppus
ma I ,hallA O" :sreyarp eseht yas milsuM a
'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO        83
na si ereht ,yadirF nO`` ,dias       |   tehporP ehT
     yadirF no ruoH gnirewsnA eht gniruD .01
         ''.
           hamaaqi dna naahda neewteb detcejer
  )93(
reven si noitacilppuS`` ,dias        |   tehporP ehT
                                     )reyarP
gnitratS rof eniL ni dnatS ot llaC( hamaaqI
dna )reyarP rof llaC( naahdA neewteB .9
                                    ''.nos sih tsniaga
                              )83(
tnerap a fo taht dna gnillevart enoemos fo
taht ,degnorw enoemos fo taht :elbarewsna
yldetbuodnu        era       taht        snoitacilppus
eerht era erehT`` ,dias     |   regnesseM s'hallA
                                gnillevarT nehW .8
                         ''.em evigroF .evigrof ot
                     )73(
evol uoY dna ,gnivigrof-reve era uoY ,hallA
O :yaS`` ,dias   |   tehporP eht ,     rdaQ-lutaliaL
no yas ot tahw tuoba ahsiA yb deksa nehW
                                             ''.shtnom
dnasuoht a naht retteb si rewoP / eerceD fo
thgiN ehT )3(`` ,syas   N   hallA ,rdaQ-lA taruS nI
                                               )rewoP
/ eerceD fo thgiN eht(       rdaQ-lutalyaL nO .7
93                                          3 retpahC
tnemugra eht troppus shtidaH tnaveler tsom
,oslA .)smilsuM suoethgir ylrae( falaS eht
fo tsom era os dna ,weiv rettal eht fo rovaf ni si
eh ,evoba denoitnem sA .noonretfa yadirF no
ruoh tsal eht si ti :si rehto ehT .reyarp yadirF
eht fo dne eht ot tiplup eht no sdnats mamI
eht emit eht morf stsal ti :si enO .shtidaH
dehsilbatse-llew eht fo thgil eht ni elbarovaf
erom era srednetnoc esoht fo owt ylno ,tcaf nI
.ruoh taht fo emit eht ot sa srednetnoc nevele
gninimaxe retfa noisulcnoc taht dehcaer eH
.noonretfa eht ni ruoh tsal eht eb tsum ruoh
enutroppo yadirF eht taht seugra eh ;weiv
tnereffid a sah miyyaQ-lA-nbI ,revewoH
                      )24(
                          '' '.reyarp yadirF eht
sdne eh emit eht dna ]tiplup eht no[ stis mamI
eht emit eht neewteb si ]ruoh yadirF eht[ tI`
,yas regnesseM s'hallA draeh I`` :detroper
     |
saw ti ,ira'hsA-lA asuM-ubA fo ytirohtua eht
no ;milsuM hihaS ni denoitnem si tahw si ruoh
taht tuoba dias neeb sah tahw fo tcerroc
tsom eht ,)14(iwawaN-nA ot gnidroccA
     )04(
         ''.detcejer si hallA ot gniyarp gnidnats
milsuM a fo noitacilppus on hcihw gnirud ruoh
'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO      04
,droL ruo ,thgin yrevE`` ,syas                 |    tehporP ehT
                                emiT rahaS eht gniruD .11
                          .sruoh owt esoht gnirud hallA
                    )54(
etacilppus ot hammU sih degru                   |    tehporP eht
,yltnedivE .shtidaH tnaveler lla yb detroppus
sa    ,rsA     retfa        eno    eht    si    ruoh     laiceps
eht     ,tey   ;llew       sa    snoitacilppus        gnirewsna
rof     emit   enutroppo           na    si    reyarp    yadirF
eht fo ruoh eht taht eveileb osla I :syas
miyyaQ-lA-nbI               ,tnemugra         sih    gnidulcnoC
      ''.rsA retfa ruoh tsal eht si tI .sreyarp sih
 )44(
srewsna hallA ,gnihtemos rof syarp milsuM
a fi ,meht fo eno gnirud ;]sruoh[ evlewt si )yad(
yadirF`` ,dias evah ot detroper si
                            |                           tehporP
eht     ,
      yeaassaN-nA nanuS      ihdimreT          dna
               ,
-tA nanuS duuwaaD-ubA nanuS                         ot gnidroccA
                      ''.]noonretfa eht[ rsA retfa si tI
                   )34(
.detcejer si hallA ot gniyarp gnidnats milsuM
a fo noitacilppus on hcihw gnirud ruoh na
si ereht ,yadirF nO`` ,dias evah ot detroper si
|    tehporP eht ,         damhA dansuM             ot gnidroccA
                     .miyyaQ-lA-nbI yb drawrof tup
secnedive era woleB .ruoh noonretfa eht rof
14                                                    3 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sa h = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/
                                                             Ï
                                                             ±
; ab =
d       /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
                         $$$
                                                      .etutsa
dna esiw gnieb fo ngis a si siht rof ,meht
rof doog si tahw ot kcits dluohs yehT .riapsed
ton tsum dna ,pleh rof hallA ot yarp dluohs
yehT .laicifeneb erom dna elbarovaf erom era
yeht sa ,niereht gnitacilppus fo ytinutroppo
eht ekat dluohs smilsuM .derewsna sreyarp
ruoy gnivah rof secalp dna semit ,snoitautis
enutroppo eht no noitces eht sedulcnoc sihT
                              ''?mih evigrof lliw I taht
                          )64(
os ssenevigrof yM rof gniksa enoemos ereht
sI ?mih ot ti evig lliw I taht os gnihtemos
rof em gniksa enoemos ereht sI ?reyarp
sih rewsna lliw I taht os em gnitacilppus
enoyna        ereht     sI`      :syas   dna    )thgin     eht
fo trap tsal( rahas eht gnirud nevaeh yldlrow
eht ot nwod semoc ,detlaxE eht ,desselB eht
'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO                   24
Ï
                                       suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
; oc =
w      /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;e
 hs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /ljn/ ;tis = /i/
ehT )7( ;htap thgiarts eht su wohS )6( .pleh
                                                  .
rof ksa ew enola uoY ;pihsrow ew )enola(
uoY )5( ;tnemgduJ fo yaD eht fo renwO
)4( ,luficreM eht ,tnecifeneB ehT )3( ,sdlroW
eht fo droL ,hallA ot eb esiarP )2( .luficreM
eht ,tnecifeneB eht ,hallA fo eman eht nI )1("
                     /neellaa-aaD-Dal-aw ,mihyalaz
ibuuDhgam-liryahg               ,mihyalaz           atmazna
anee dal-laTaariS             )7(           ,)a(meeqatsum
     ±
laTaariS-Sanidhi               )6(           ,)u(neezatsan
akayyi-aw ,udub'zan akaayyi )5( ,)i(need
-dimway ikilaam )4( ,)i(mee har-rinaam harra
)3( ,)ra(neemalaaz-libbar ihaal-lil udma hla
                                        Ï               Ï
)2( ,)i(mee har-rinaam har-rihaal-lmsib )1(/                Ï
                 Ï               Ï
                                     hahitaF-lA taruS .1
      )74(
          na'ruQ suoirolG eht morF
                         'aa'uD
                       4 retpahC
34                                               4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
                                                             dÏ
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± /
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
! "p .          [G 2rLI: 102]
-o
 ,)*/0-.#$
                                       ".eriF
fo mood eht morf su draug dna ,doog si hcihw
taht retfaereH eht ni dna doog si hcihw taht
dlrow eht ni su otnu eviG !droL ruO )102("
                           /raan-nabaa daz aaniq-aw
                                            ±
,)wat(anasa h itarihkaa-lif-aw ,)wat(anasa h
aaynud-dif      Ï   aanitaa        aanabbar          )102(/    Ï
                    102 hayA ,haraqaB-lA trauS .2
6                                               Ap
                                                |     [G l. 8E7]   .
Az
 4; < 9 : ?                     A
                                {
Ax
 )1 2 7 8 5              A
                         y
o
'*( / &- . 3
    % 0 +,                             A
                                       w
                   ".yartsa og ohw esoht fo
ron regna ruoY nrae ohw esoht fo )htap eht(
toN ;derovaf tsah uoY mohw esoht fo htap
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf             'aa'uD                 44
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                     Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof =   /uu/    ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus =   /S/                               n
                                                       j
                            ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                       .
                                                      /neerifaak
-limwaq-lalaz         aanruSl af
                            n
                            j                  aanaalwam        n
                                                              atl a
                                                                j
                                .
,aanma hr-aw ,aanal rifhg-aw ,aannaz ufz-aw
                                                                .
,)i(hib aanal ataqaaT aal aam aanlimma hut
         Ï
                          n
                          j
aal-aw aanabbar ,aanilbaq l im anee dal-lalaz
                                                        ±
                                                                Ï
uhatlama h       aamak          l arSi
                                n
                                j              aanyalaz     lim hat
             Ï
                               . .
aal-aw aanabbar ,aan'aThka wa aaneesan                          Ï
-ni   aan dihkaa-ut              aal       aanabbar         )682(/
             ±
                     682 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS .4
n                 p    [G   2rLI:   052]   @
o
vm s r q p o
  ut
               ".klof gniveilebsid eht tsniaga
pleh su evig dna ,erus dlohtoof ruo ekam
,ecnarudne su no wotseB !droL ruO ....)052("
                                                      /neerifaak
-imwaq-lala aanruSnaw ,aanamaadqa tibbaht
aw ,)w(arbaS anayla hgirfa aanabbar )052(/
                     052 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS .3
54                                                    4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
                                                             d
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± /    Ï
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
su nopu wotseb dna ,su dediug evah uoY retfa
yarts ot straeh ruo ton esuaC !droL ruO )8("
                         n
           ./baahhaw -latl a akanni ,)nat(am har
                         j
akl udal-lim
  n
  j
    .               aanal
                             .  bah-aw           ,aanatiadah   Ï
di adzab aanabuuluq hgizut aal aanabbar )8(/
±
                          8 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .5
9                                      p   [G   2rLI:   682]
                                                           .
5 6:4G H E
    3
o
b
/ a0'.%+&,=)$*!7"8
      - 1(2 ? @# > ; <
                       ".klof gniveilebsid eht
revo yrotciv su evig dna ,rotcetorP ruo ,uoY
,su no ycrem evah dna su evlosba ,su nodraP
!raeb ot htgnerts eht ton evah ew hcihw
taht su no ton esopmI !droL ruO !su erofeb
esoht no yal did uoY sa nedrub a hcus su no
ton yaL !droL ruO !kram eht ssim ro ,tegrof
ew fi ton su nmednoC !droL ruO ...)682("
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf             'aa'uD                        64
Ï
                                       suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /ljn/ ;tis = /i/
                                                   .
  /raan-nabaa daz aaniq-aw ,aanabunu d aanal
                   ±                                   ±
rifhgaf ,aannamaa aananni aanabbar )61(/
                          :61 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .7
    ~
t s Ap .                  [Bd   b$LG f:   9]
oY~}|{zyxwvu
       ".tsyrt eht peek ot ton sliaf hallA !oL
.tbuod on si ereht hcihw fo yaD a ot rehtegot
dniknam rehtag ohW uoY si tI !droL ruO )9("
                                                   /daazeem
-lufilhkuy aal ahaal-lanni ,)i(heef abiar-aal
-limuay-il isan-nuzimaaj akanni aanabbar )9(/
                            9 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .6
       }
[ Z Ap b$L @        [Bd         G f: 8]
oX W V U T S R Q ` _ ^ ] 
                   ".rewotseB eht era uoY
ylno ,uoY !oL .ecneserP ruoY morf ycrem
74                                                4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
                                                             d
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± /    Ï
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
-aw aanabuunu d aanal rifhg-anabbar )741(/
                         ±
                             :741 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .9
# Azx p                [Bd   b$LG f:   35]   .
o
;<=>?@!"
                              ".)hturt eht ot(
ssentiw ohw esoht gnoma su llornE .tnes evah
uoY mohw mih wollof ew dna delaever evah
uoY hcihw taht ni eveileb eW !droL ruO )35("
                                                          /needihaahs
-hsazam          aanbutkaf                   ,)a(luusar-ranzabat
-taw atlazl a aamib aannamaa aanabbar )35(/
          n
          j
             .                :35 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .8
Ap
 {v    [Bd   b$LG f:    61]   .
o 0/"!$#&%(
                                   "!eriF fo
tnemhsinup eht morf su draug dna snis ruo su
evigrof oS .eveileb eW !oL !droL ruO ...)61("
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                         'aa'uD           84
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                     Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof =   /uu/    ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus =   /S/                               n
                                                       j
                            ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                            .
aanabbar )491( raarba-la am aanaffawat-aw  z
,aanitaa-iyyas aanna              z   riffak-aw ,aanabuunu d
                                                                      ±
aanal       rifhgaf               aanabbar                ,aannamaa
-af     mukibbar-ib               uunimaa            na       inaamee
-lil eedaanuy-yay-idaanum aan imas aananni           z
aanabbar )391( raaSl a nim aneemilaaZ-Zil
                   n
                   j                Ï Ï
                                  .
aamaw ,)u(hatiazhka daqaf araan-nilihkdut
n
l am akanni aanabbar )291( raan-nabaa da
j                                                                     z
.                                                                 ±
aaniqaf         ,)a(kanaa hbus                             n
                                                          )l (aliTaab
                                                           j
aa dah     atqalahk            aam     Ï   aanabbar
                                                          .     )191(/
    ±
            :491-191 shayA ,narmI-lA taruS .01
_ ` ! p b$ L .              [Bd       G f: 741]
oU V W X Y Z [  ] ^
  ".klof gniveilebsid eht revo yrotciv su evig
dna ,erus dlohtoof ruo ekam ,stroffe detsaw
dna snis ruo rof su evigroF !droL ruO )741("
                                                           /neerifaak
-limwaq-lala   z                 n
                           aanruSl aw
                                 j                       ,aanamaadqa
tibbaht-aw           ,aanirma
                                      .        eef         aanafaarsi
94                                                         4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sa =
    h    /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /±d/
                                                              Ï
; ab =
d        /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
w~v
Asrqponmlk
}|{zyxwvut
                   v~v
o? 2 1 4 3 6 5 8 7 A ~
".tsyrt eht ton kaerb uoY !oL .noitcerruseR fo
yaD eht nopu ton su dnuofnoC .sregnessem
ruoY yb su ot desimorp evah uoY hcihw
taht su evig dnA !droL ruO )491( .suoethgir
eht fo htaed eht eid su ekam dna ,sdeed
live ruo su morf timer dna ,snis ruo su evigrof
,eroferehT !droL ruO .deveileb ew oS "!droL
ruoy ni uoy eveileB" :htiaF otnu gnillac reirc
a draeh evah eW !oL !droL ruO )391( .srepleh
on eb lliw ereht sreod-live roF .dednuofnoc
evah uoY deedni mih :eriF eht retne
ot esuac uoY mohW !droL ruO )291( .eriF fo
mood eht morf su evreserP !uoY ot eb yrolG
.niav ni siht ton detaerc uoY !droL ruO )191("
                      /daazeem -lufilhkut aal
akanni ,)it(amaayiq-lamway aanizhkut aal
-aw ,akilusur aalaz anattazaw aam anitaa-aw
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf               'aa'uD                05
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/           ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                  n
                                                  j
                                                          .
   "!tsol eht fo era ew ylerus ,su no ycrem ton
evah dna ton su evigrof uoY fI .sevlesruo
degnorw        evah     eW      !droL        ruO           ...   )32("
                 ./neerisaahk-lanim annanuukanal
,aanmahrat-aw              aanal         rifhgat                 malli
-aw ,aanasufl a aanmalaZ aanabbar )32(/
            n
            j          Ï
      .                32 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .21
                                        [G   $   . FJI:   38].
o U , + * )p
                                ".sessentiw eht gnoma
sa su ebircsnI .eveileb ew ,droL ruO ...)38("
                                    /needihaahs-hsazam
aanbutkaf         ,aannamaa           aanabbar                   )38(/
                    38 hayA ,hadi'aM-lA taruS .11
A B G H E A~y v p                     [Bd    b$LG f:      191-491].
K L
j iA~x vh gI J ePdM Nb D
            fO c C a
15                                                        4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ Ï
                                                                ±
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
                                 ".noisiced ekam ohw
esoht fo tseb eht era uoY rof ,klof ruo dna
su neewteb hturt htiw ediceD !droL ruO )98("
                                                      ./nee hitaaf
-luryahk         atl a-aw
                   n
                   j           iqqa h-lib              aanimwaq
                                                            Ï
anyab-aw
                  .
                 aananyab        hatf-anabbar
                                          Ï                 )98(/
                                 Ï
                      98 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .41
oY X W V U Tp                        [G   $ bLG a:   74].
      ".klof gniodgnorw eht htiw ton su ecalP
!droL ruO :yas yeht ,eriF eht fo srellewd eht
drawot denrut era seye rieht nehw dnA )74("
                               ./neemilaaZ
                                         Ï
-Zimwaq-lazam aanlazjat aal aanabbar )74(/
 Ï
                      74 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .31
]p $bL      [G    G a: 32].
o'
 (%&[YZ_`
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                  'aa'uD                25
suhT =    /Z/
                                                                  Ï    ;orez =        /z/
;woc =     /w/   ;doof =   /uu/   ;dluoc =    /u/   ;but =    /T/   ;kniht =          /ht/
;ehs =    /hs/   ;mus =    /S/    ;tes =   /s/ ;gnir   / knat =     /l /
                                                                     n
                                                                     j     ;tis =      /i/
                                                                    .
                ".eveilebsid taht klof eht morf su evas
,ycrem ruoY fo ,dnA )68( ;klof gniodgnorw
eht rof erul a ton su ekam ,hO !droL ruO )58("
                  /neerifaak-limwaq-lanim akitam har
-ib       aanijjan-aw              )68(         neemilaaZ-Zimwaq
                                                        Ï Ï                       Ï
-lil-latantif          aanlazjat            aal   aanabbar )58(/
                            68-58 shayA ,sunuY taruS .61
o    . - $ # " !p                                       [G   $ bLG a:      621]   @
                           ".)uoY otnu( derednerrus evah
ohw nem sa eid su ekam dna ssentsafdaets
su       otnu          efashcuoV              !droL           ruO           )621("
                                       ./neemilsum aanaffawat
-aw-warbaS aanialaz hgirfa aanabbar )621(/
                           621 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .51
[G   $ bLG a:   98].
o        [ Z Y ( ' & % $p
35                                                                  4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/
                                                            Ï
                                                            ±
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
stnerap ym dna em evigroF !droL ruO )14("
      ./baasi h-lumuuqay amway aneenim'um-lil
-aw ayyadilaaw-il-aw eel rifhg-anabbar )14(/
              Ï
                      14 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .81
          }x
' & % , + Ap 1L                    [E   G +1%: 83].
o<;:9@?>=$#"!(
                                                      ".hallA
morf neddih si nevaeh eht ni ro htrae eht
ni gnihtoN .mialcorp ew hcihw taht dna edih
ew hcihw taht wonk uoY !oL !droL ruO )83("
                                        n
    ./'aamas-sif aal-aw iDra-lif niyahs l im ihaal
                                        j
-lalaz aafhkay aam-aw ,)u(nilzun aam-aw
                                                  .
eefhkun aam umalzat akanni aanabbar )83(/
                      :83 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .71
       {}
_ Z Ap Q     .         [0.&   : 58-68]
              z}
oX W R Q T S A ^ ] `
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                'aa'uD             45
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                            Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof =          /uu/    ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus =           /S/                              n
                                                              j
                                   ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                              .
                                n
          /neemi haar-ruriahk atl a-aw ,aanma h-raw
                                j
aanal rifhgaf ,aannamaa aanabbar )901(/
                      Ï
                                             .                     Ï
                          901 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .02
[G   u   , m:   01]
                  .
o    ) * + , 5 6 7 8 1 2p
                                       ".thgilp
ruo ni tcudnoc thgir su rof epahs dna ecneserp
ruoY morf ycrem su eviG !droL ruO...)01("
                                                             /aadahsar
aanirma nim aanal 'iyyah-aw ,)wat(am har
akl udal-lim
  n
  j                           aanitaa           aanabbar            )01(/
                                                                       Ï
     .                             01 hayA ,fhaK-lA taruS .91
[E1LG +1%: 14]    .
o                    vy
     n m l k j i h g Ap
                                       ".tsac
si tnuocca eht nehw yaD eht no sreveileb dna
55                                                           4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sa =h                                                              Ï
             /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/
                                                                    ±
; ab =
 d           /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
aanlazj-aw ,)wi(nuyza atarruq aanitaayyirru d
                                                                    ±
-aw aanijaawza nim aanal bah aanabbar )47(/
                             47 hayA ,naqruF-lA taruS .22
[G   lLq. f:     56]   .
o k j i h g f e d cp
     ".hsiugna si foereht mood ehT !ol ;lleh
fo mood eht su morf trevA !droL ruO )56("
                                                    /aamaarahg
anaak              aahabaa daz         anni      ,)a(mannahaj
                               ±
abaa daz                   aannaz    firS-anabbar              )56(/
             ±
                             56 hayA ,naqruF-lA taruS .12
901]     .
o    m l k j i h g fp                                     [G   $&#(.f:
        ".ycrem wohs ohw lla fo tseb eht era
uoY rof ,su no ycrem evah dna su evigrof
erofereht ,eveileb eW !droL ruO )901("
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                   'aa'uD                 65
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                     Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof =   /uu/    ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus =   /S/                               n
                                                       j
                            ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                          .
H G J I Lp                                   [e. kL: 7]
                                                      .
o cbaBADCFE
          "!lleh fo tnemhsinup eht meht morf
ffo draW .yaw ruoY wollof dna tneper ohw
esoht evigrof erofereht ,egdelwonk dna ycrem
ni sgniht lla dneherpmoc uoY !droL ruO )7("
                                                            /mee haj
-labaa da   z   mihiq-aw           ,)a(kaleebas               uu abat
                                                                z    Ï
       ±
                                   n
-taw uubaat anee dal-lil rifhgaf ,)l (amli -aw
                                   j                             z
                            ±                        .
watam harri-yahs alluk at isaw aanabar )7(/
                                         z
        Ï
                                7 hayA ,rifahG taruS .32
,+              p   [G lLq. f: 47]   @
o edcba
   0/.-
 ".awqat evresbo ohw esoht )lla( rof snrettap
su ekam dna ,gnirpsffo ruo fo dna seviw ruo
fo trofmoc su efashcuoV !droL ruO ...)47("
                                  /amaami aneeqattum-lil
75                                                        4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sa =h                                                              Ï
             /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/
                                                                    ±
; ab =
 d           /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
si uoY otnu dna ,tnatneper nrut ew uoY otnu
dna ,tsurt ruo tup ew uoY nI !droL ruO ...)4("
                       /reeSam-lakyali-aw ,aanbana akyali
-aw      ,aanlakkawat             akyalaz      aanabbar       )4(/
                       4 shayA ,hanahatmuM-lA taruS .52
[G   ESL:        01]   @
                  uv
S T ] ^ _ ` Y Z [ Ap
o* + , U V W X Q R
                                     ".luficreM
,ytiP fo lluF era uoY !droL ruO .eveileb
ohw esoht drawot rocnar yna straeh ruo ni
ton ecalp dna ,htiaf eht ni su erofeb erew ohw
nerhterb ruo dna su evigroF droL ruO )01("
./mee har-rufuu-ar akanni aanabbar ,uunamaa
anee dal-lil-lalihg              aanibuuluq         eef      lazjat
         ±
             Ï
aal-aw ,)i(naamiee-lib aanuuqabas anee dal
                                                                ±
-laninaawhki-ilaw aanal rifhg-anabbar )01(/
                             01 hayA ,rhsaH-lA taruS .42
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                   'aa'uD                85
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                  Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/       ;kniht = /ht/
                                                  n
                                                  j
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                      .
                                        ".reyarP fo reraeH
eht era uoY !oL .gnirpsffo yldoog ytnuob
ruoY fo em nopu wotseB !droL yM )83("
       /'aazud-duzeemas akanni ,)nat(abiyyaT
l atayyirru d akl udal-lim eel bah ibbar )83(/
n
j               n
                j
.                  ±      .    83 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .72
        [G   9EL   0%:   8].
Bp
o aIJKLMNOPA
".sgniht lla od ot elbA tra uoY !oL !su evigrof
dna ,su rof thgil ruo tcefreP !droL ruO )8("
         n
         j
 /reedaq l iyahs illuk aalaz akanni ,aanal rifhg
             .
-aw ,aanaruun aanal mimta aanabbar )8(/
                                   8 hayA ,meerhaT-tA .62
o 4 5 6 7 8 ) *p                                 [G   $$9E(7:   4]   @
                                          ".gniyenruoj eht
95                                                4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mlu
                                                     h             =   / h/
;sa   h   =   /h/ r ;)si aP =     ;t
                               /hg/ ae m =
                                         /ee/  ;bmu
                                              d /D/ ht =     ;si   =    Ï
                                                                       / d/
                                                                        ±
; ab =
d             /d/ i ;dn f =      ;r ts =
                              /ya/ a         ;bm l =
                                       /aa/ a /aa/ a       ;ypp h =    /a/
,yrotirret siht efas ekaM !droL yM ....)53("
/maanSa-ladubzan na ayyinab -aw eenbunj-aw
)w(animaa adalab-la daah lazj-ibbar )53(/
                                        ±
                                53 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .92
U V W X Q Rp                                           [+.O: 74].
oABCDMNOPIJKL
                                                ".tsol eht gnoma
eb llahs I ,em no ycrem evah dna em evigrof
uoY sselnU .egdelwonk on evah I foerehw
taht uoY fo ksa dluohs I taht )nis eht morf(
egufer kees I od uoY nI !oL !droL yM )74("
               .)a(neerisaahk lanim-muka eenma hrat
-aw eel rifhgat aalli-aw ,)wu(mliz ihib eel asyal                  Ï
aam akala-sa na akib u duuza eenni ibbar )74(/
                                        ±
                                       74 hayA ,duuH taruS .82
[Bd       b$LG f:    83].
oK            F E H G B A D C ^p
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                      'aa'uD                   06
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                     Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof =   /uu/    ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus =   /S/                               n
                                                       j
                            ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                       .
                        "....em rof ksat ym
esae dna dnim ym eveileR !droL yM ... )52("
                                                      /eerma eel
rissay-aw )62(,eerdaS eel harhs-ibbar )52(/
                                          Ï
                           62-52 shayA ,ahaT taruS .13
Ap
 uy   [E1LG +1%: 04]   .
o   wvutsrqpo
                ".reyarp eht tpecca dnA !droL
ruo ;)osla( ytiretsop ym fo emos dna ,pihsrow
reporp hsilbatse ot em ekaM !droL yM )04("
     /'aazud labbaqat-aw aanabbar ,itayyirru d
                                                                   ±
n
j
l imaw itaalaS-Sameequm eenlazj-ibbar )04(/
.                          04 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .03
  zx
b Ap @          [E1LG +1%: 53]
ok
 jihgfedc
                                  ".slodi
gnivres morf snos ym dna em evreserp dna
16                                                    4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/Ï
                                                               ±
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
[G $ &21. A: 211].
                   wvv
o? @ 9 : ; < 5 6 7 A p
                                                     ".)miH
otnu( ebircsa uoy hcihw taht tsniaga derolpmi
eb ot si pleh esohw ,tnecifeneB eht si droL
ruO .hturt htiw uoY egduJ !droL yM )211("
 /nuufiSat aam aalaz unaazatsum-lu-naam har
-ranubbar-aw ,)i(qqa h-lib muk h-ibbar )211(/              Ï
                             Ï            Ï
                     211 hayA ,aayibnA-lA taruS .33
o I L K N M P Op                                [G $ &21. A: 98].
         ".srotirehni fo tseb eht era uoY hguoht
,sseldlihc       ton    em   evaeL    !droL     yM      )98("
                                  ./neehtiraaw-luryahk
atl a-aw ,)w(adraf eenra dat aal ibbar )98(/
  n
  j
 .                                ±
                       98 hayA ,aayibnA-lA taruS .23
         zw      {w
o@ ? > = A D C B Ap                             [[-: 52-62].
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf              'aa'uD                   26
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                     Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof =   /uu/    ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus =   /S/                               n
                                                       j
                            ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                            .
l iqdiS
n
j         anaasil eel lazjaw )48(,nee hilaaS-Sib
.
eenqi hla-aw ,)w(amku h eel bah ibbar )38(/             Ï
      Ï                             Ï
          58-38 shayA ,'aara'uhS-hsA taruS .63
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                49 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .53
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        n
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                92 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .43
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ohw mih evaS )98( )nam yna( ton liava snos
dna htlaew nehw yaD ehT )88( ,desiar era
yeht nehw yad eht no ton em esaba dnA )78("
                                       n
                               /meelas l iblaq-ib ahaal-lata
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nam          aalli    )98(,)a(nuunab
                                      .     aal-aw-wulaam
uzafnay           aal      amway    )88(    ,)a(nuuhtazbuy
amway                  eenizhkut          aal-aw       )78(/
                98-78 shayA ,aara'uhS-hsA taruS .73
[G   Sc L vv G A: 38-58]
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                                           /meezan-nitannaj
itahtaraw-wim eenlazjaw )58( neerihkaa-lif
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                'aa'uD             46
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                                                Ï
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          ".sevals suoethgir ruoY )fo rebmun
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                                                      ./nee hilaaS
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                        12 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .14
[G rVW: 71]    @
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fo retroppus a eb eromreven lliw I ,em derovaf
evah uoY sa hcumsaroF !droL yM )71("
             /neemirjumlil-lareehaZ anuuka
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                        71 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .04
og f e d c bp                          [G rVW: 61]   .
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                        61 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .93
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf               'aa'uD                66
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                  03 hayA ,tubaknA'-lA taruS .34
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                       42 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .24
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eht morf em revileD !droL yM )12("
76                                                    4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
                                                            Ïd
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@=>
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od yam I taht dna ,stnerap ym dna em derovaf
evah uoY htiwerehw rovaf eht rof sknaht
evig yam I taht em esuorA !droL yM ... )51("
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Ï
                            .
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                     51 hayA ,faaqhA-lA taruS .54
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na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf                 'aa'uD            86
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                                                      Ï
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                                                  n
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ob a X W V U T S R
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evas thgua ni sreod-gnorw eht ton esaercni
dna    ,nemow       gniveileb           dna     nem             gniveileb
dna ,gniveileb esuoh ym sretne ohw mih dna
stnerap ym dna em evigroF !droL yM )82("
               /aaraabat        aalli aneemilaaZ-Zidizat
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                                82 hayA ,haoN taruS .74
o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8p                               [G   9EL   0%:   11]@
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              .    11 hayA ,meerhaT-tA taruS .64
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                                                            ±
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gnirb uoY dnA .thgin eht otni ssap ot yad eht
esuac uoY dna ,yad eht otni ssap ot thgin eht
esuac uoY )72( .sgniht lla od ot elbA era uoY
!oL .doog si dnah ruoY nI .lliw uoY mohw
esaba uoY dna lliw uoY mohw tlaxe uoY .lliw
uoY mohw morf ytngierevos wardhtiw uoY
dna ,lliw uoY mohw otnu ytngierevos evig
uoY !ytngierevoS fo renwO !hallA O ... )62("
                               n
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           Ï
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-lit'ut ,)i(klum-lakilaam ammuhaala )62(/
                   72-62 shayA ,narmI-lA taruS .84
Q ` _ ^ ]  A}wp                            [&.M: 82].
na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf             'aa'uD                07
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                   Ï
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                                                  n
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rof stceles eH )47( .gniwonK llA ,gnicarbmE
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eH .dnah s'hallA ni si ytnuob ehT !oL ...)37("
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               ±
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nuzisaaw   Ï        uhaal-law              ,)u('aahsay-yam
iheet'uy ,)i(haal-liday-ib alDaf-lanni...)37(/
                   72-62 shayA ,narmI-lA taruS .94
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17                                                 4 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = /h/
                                                            Ï
                                                            ±
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kees I dnA )89( ,seno live eht fo snoitseggus
morf uoY ni egufer kees I !droL yM ... )79("
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                    ±
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                                    ±
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77                                                  4 retpahC
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,hallA tub doG on si ereht ;gniraebroF eht
,tnecifingaM eht ,hallA tub doG on si erehT"
/meerak-lihsraz-lubbar -aw ,)i(Dra-lubbar-aw
,)i(taawaamas-subbar uhaal-lalli ahaali aal
,meeZ
    Ï az-lihsraz-lubbar uhaal-lalli ahaali aal
,meela h-lu-meeZaz-lu-haal-lalli ahaali aal/
                Ï                                                             .1
              Ï
        .sgniyas s'dammahuM tehporP morf
snoitacilppus fo noitceles a si gniwollof ehT
                  hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD
                                 5 retpahC
97                                                                  5 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
                                                             d
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± /                                                                 Ï
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
         p             p                                                               p
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    n            ~ n       6     n r                n n             8        o                     t       6
   )15(
       "sreodgnorw eht gnoma saw I .detlaxe
eb uoY yaM .uoY tub doG on si erehT"
                    /neemilaaZ-Zanim utj uk n                                                                           l
                                Ï Ï                                                                                     .
                       n
                       j
eenni ,)a(kanaa hbus atl a aalli ahaalli aal/ .3
                                                Ï
                                                                        .
G $ DMG H hDJg, k0 R r A 1cJgy.                             2
     r n n n r n o    n    n     n n r n o
z                -                 !-                                    (             &                                    !
                    r               o      o    n               6   n
  / Ep n Ep/ G o hnDJn go, C bn M > r Jn g, hn VLn bn 2r Jn go, hne 3
             n                         6                n                                  n                            n n
                )05(
                    ".miH dnoyeb gnihton si
ereht ;) tehporP eht tsniaga gnitaroballoc
                               |
seimene eht( bazhA eht detaefed ,enola
,eH ;suoirotciv )     dammahuM tehporP(             |
evals siH edam dna ,sreidlos siH deruonoh
eH ;enola hallA tub doG on si erehT"
                                                                                                               ./hadzab
a-iahs                         aalaf       ,)u(had haw                               abaaz ha-labalahg
aw                     ,)u(hadbaz                           araSan-aw
                                                                    Ï                                  Ï          n
                                                                                                           ,)u(hadl uj
                                                                                                                  j
azzaza ,)u(had haw uhaal-lalli ahaali aal/
                                                                                                                        .       .2
                                            Ï
hannuS eht morf                                     'aa'uD                                                                  08
suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/
                                                                     Ï
;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/                         ;kniht = /ht/
                                                  n
                                                  j
;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/
                                                                        .
utannaj-law      ,)wu(qqa h      aku-aaqil-aw
,)u(qqa h-lakulwaq-aw     ,)u(qqa h-lakudzaw             Ï
              Ï   n
                  j              n
-aw ,)u(qqa h-latl a ,)a(nniheef l amaw iDra
                                 j                                  Ï
                           n
-law itaawaamas-subbar atl a ,)u(dma h-lakal
                           j Ï
                                          .
-aw ,iDra-law itaawaamas-sumiyyaq atl a    n
                                           j                                 Ï
,)u(dma h-lakal -aw ,iDra-law itaawaamas

                                            .. .
-surun atl a ,)u(dma h-lakal ammuhaalla/ .6
         n
         j        Ï
                  .                               Ï
                                            p  p p
zG u G u Q 1 2 ,             /           C RLc 1- R1,. y@
    o   o n 8                    n       o r o     n r k
                                                      ".srentrap on etaicossa
                                                )35(
I mohW htiw ,droL ym si hallA ,hallA"
                                    /aa-yahs
eehib akirhsu aal ,eebbar uhaalla uhaalla/ .5
                                     p      p            p
z0.   D2 0. q1.e 1LD$9v                           C O9f1=y@
  n    n 7 n  7 o n r n n
                      n                                    o
                                                   n r n
                          ".eucser rof gnidaelp ma I ycrem
                      )25(
ruoY yB !lanretE eht ,evilA eht ,uoY O"
                               /hteehgatsa
akitam harib ,)u(muuyyaq aay uyya h aay/ .4
          Ï                                                              Ï
18                                                                      5 retpahC
;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/
                                                             d
;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± /
                                                            Ï
;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/
.tnemegduj rof uoY ot nommus I dna ,uoY yb
eugra I dna ,uoY ot nrut I dna ,uoY ni tsurt I
dna ,uoY tpecca I dna ,uoY ot timbus I ,hallA
O .eurt si ruoH eht dna eurt era stehporp
eht ,eurt si eriF eht ,eurt si nedraG ehT .eurt
si uoY htiw gniteem eht dna eurt era sdrow
ruoY ,eurt si esimorp ruoY ,hturT eht era uoY
.meht ni si reveohw dna htrae eht dna snevaeh
eht fo droL eht era uoY .uoY ot sgnoleb
esiarp lla dna htrae eht dna snevaeh eht
fo reniatsuS eht era uoY.uoYot sgnoleb esiarp
dna ,htrae eht dna snevaeh eht fo thgiL eht
era uoY .uoY ot sgnoleb esiarp lla ,hallA O"
                                 n
                               /tl a aalli ahaali
                                 j
               n
aal ,eehaali atl a ,)u(tl alza aam-aw utrarsa
               j        n
                        j
aam-aw ,)u(trahk-hka aam-aw utmaddaq
                  . . .
aam eel rifhgaf ,)u(tmakaa h akyali-aw
,)u(tmaSaahk akib-aw ,)u(tbana akyali-aw    Ï
,)u(tlakkawat akyalaz-aw ,)u(tl amaa akib
                                   jn
-aw ,)u(tmalsa akal ammuhaalla ,)nu(qqa h
                                            .
utazsaas-saw       ,)wu(qqah         anuuyyiban              Ï
-naw ,)wu(qqa h uraan-naw ,)wu(qqa h
                       Ï                                     Ï
hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD                                     28
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Comprehensive Prayer E-book

  • 1. 931 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . setondnE 97 . . . . . . . .hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD :5 retpahC 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD :4 retpahC 53 . . . . . . . . . . . 'aa'uD gnirewsnA roF snoitautiS enutroppO :3 retpahC 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD :2 retpahC 91 . . . . . eulaV dna ecnessE :'aa'uD :1 retpahC 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . etoN s'rotalsnarT 9 .........................................noitcudortnI 7 ............................................droweroF stnetnoC 5 stnetnoC
  • 3. tsom eht dna gnitacilppus fo etteuqite eht no noitces a sedulcni tI .shtidaH dnuos dna na'ruQ eht morf detceles ,snoitacilppus laicifeneb sniatnoc 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC .srovaedne sih ni sseccus dna troppus mih tnarg hallA N yaM .hcraeser ylralohcs dna ssensuoethgir sih rof nwonk si ohw ,ysiareJ-lA namhaR-ludbA delahK yb 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC daer evah I .)snoinapmoc( habaahas sih dna ylimaf sih ,mih nopu eb ecaep dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM .regnesseM yhtrowtsurt ,lufhtiaf dna evals siH si | dammahuM taht yfitset I dna ,stnatsissa ro srentrap tuohtiw enola ,hallA tub doG on si ereht taht yfitset I .sgnisselb suoreneg siH rof miH knaht dna tlaxe od I .]pleh rof[ miH etacilppus ot elpoep ,kooB tsefinam siH ni ,segaruocne eH dna ,srekees rof nepo setaG siH speek eH .droL gniraC dna luficreM eht ,pihsrow fo yhtrow gniK eht ,hallA ot eb esiarP droweroF 7 droweroF
  • 4. .H 1241/9/1 neerbiJ-lA namharrudbA-nbI halludbA .)snoinapmoc( habaahas sih dna nik sih ,dammahuM tehporP siH nopu eb ecaep dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM .retfaereH eht dna dlrow siht ni sriaffa sih ni mih pleh dna spets sih mrif ekam ,sseccus delahK tnarg N hallA yaM .snoitacilppus gnirewsna fo snoitidnoc dna semit enutroppo droweroF 8
  • 5. lla ta laicifeneb era taht snoitacilppus fo noitcelloc a hannuS eht dna na'ruQ eht morf detceles - ecarG s'hallA yb - evah I ,pihsrow fo ecnesse eht dna ,sreveileb fo ytivitca tsetaerg eht ,yaD detnioppA eht rof noisivorp tseb eht si )noitacilppus( 'aa'uD ecniS .srewollof sih dna snoinapmoC lufhtiaf sih ,nik sih ,mih nopu eb ecaep dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM .lla fo elbaronoh tsom eht ,regnesseM dna evals siH si dammahuM taht yfitset osla | I .doG ylno dna enO eht si eH timda ot dna ,miH htiw srentrap on eralced ot ynomitset a si sihT .hallA tub doG on si ereht taht yfitset I .semit lla ta su seciffus eH .miH knaht I .esidaraP ni edoba lanrete na meht stnarg dna ,eriflleH eht morf meht sevas eH ;ytnuob siH fo erom meht stnarg eH ,esnopser ni dna ,miH ot yarp yehT .miH ot lufetarg dna lufhtiaf era ohw esoht ot suoreneg gnieb rof hallA ot eb esiarP noitcudortnI 9 noitcudortnI
  • 6. si N hallA .noitanimessid dna gniziromem ,gnidaer ,gnitirw fo snaem yb noitomorp sti ni devlovni esoht nopu eb sgnisselb siH yaM . | tehporP siH fo hannuS eht gnitomorp hguorht N hallA esaelp ot dednetni si krow siht otni tup troffe ehT .milsuM hihaS dna irahkuB-LA hihaS morf nekat era hannuS eht morf snoitacilppus ehT .saruS fo redro eht ot gnidrocca degnarra era snoitacilppus cina'ruQ detceles ehT .hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD :5 retpahC na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD :4 retpahC 'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO :3 retpahC etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD :2 retpahC eulaV dna ecnessE : 'aa'uD :1 retpahC :sretpahc evif fo stsisnoc 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC .smilsuM ot laicifeneb ti ekam hallA yam - seireS noisivorP N s'reveileB ehT eht ni 2 kooB stneserper ,'aa'uD evisneherpmoC deman ,noitceles sihT .lla yb desu dna tnrael ylisae eb nac taht dna ,semit noitcudortnI 01
  • 7. .H 1241/8/1 ,hdayiR ysiareJ-lA delahK .tnecifingaM eht ,hgiH tsoM eht ,miH htiw tpecxe thgim ro rewop on si erehT .reyarp siht gnirewsna fo elbapac enO eht 11 noitcudortnI
  • 8. 21
  • 9. .seitluciffid detcepxe htiw denrecnoc ylniam si tI .hsilgnE ni noitaretilsnart eht gnidaer rof ediug noitaicnunorp a si txeN .lanigiro cibarA eht yb neht ,)sesehtnerap ni( hsilgnE ni gninaem eht fo noitalsnart a yb dewollof ,lanigiro cibarA eht fo )scilati ni( noitaretilsnart hsilgnE na :tamrof siht ni sraeppa noitacilppus hcae ,txet siht nI .milA ni devlovni esoht fo lla dna llahtciP drawer hallA yaM .pleh taerg a neeb sah swodniW rof milA eht taht dna ,noitalsnart s'llahtciP morf nekat era telkoob siht ni sesrev cina'ruQ eht fo sgninaem eht taht egdelwonkca ot ekil dluow rotalsnart ehT .srewollof sih dna snoinapmoC sih ,nik sih ,dammahuM tehporP siH nopu eb sgnisselb dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM .hallA ot eb esiarP .meehar-rinaamhar-rihaal-limsiB etoN s'rotalsnarT 31 etoN s'rotalsnarT
  • 10. 41
  • 11. .]S ni sa hteet rewol dna reppu eht ot resolc si eugnot eht fo pit eht[ ssim ,ees S /s/ emoH +vvvv /h/ .taorht eht hguorht separcs ria eht tub ,'tah` ni 'h` eht ekil sdnuos ti ;)denepo( ahataf ,)desiarp( adamah M / h/ Ï .hteet eht neewteb si pit eugnot eht - htiw ,tahT P / d/ -- htlaeh ,kcihT K /ht/ sretteL selpmaxE cibarA lobmyS .slobmys noitaicnunorp eht ,tnetxe taerg a ot ,gnitneserper sdrow era ereht ,segap owt hcae fo mottob eht tA .noitaicnunorp cibarA fo noitamixorppa deifilpmis a sedivorp dna smret lacinhcet sdiova tI .lanigiro cibarA eht fo noitaretilsnart eht gnidaer etatilicaf ot smia ediuG noitaicnunorP sihT ediuG noitaicnunorP 51 ediuG noitaicnunorP
  • 12. .noitcirf a gnisuac meht hguorht gnissap ria htiw ,htuom eht fo foor eht sehcuot eugnot eht fo kcab eht - )eman( dilahK ,ssenhguoL N / hk/ woc ,keeW h / / w .htuom eht fo foor eht sehcuot eugnot eht fo kcab ehT .)'tfel` cibarA( aradaahg ,)hcnerF eht yb decnuonorp sa( siraP Z / hg/ ./d/ naht relluf sdnuos tI .htuom eht fo foor eht fo tnorf eht sehcuot ,flesti pit eht naht rehtar ,eugnot eht fo tnorf eht tub ,'dum` dna 'gud` ni sa ,'d` rettel eht ekil sdnuoS V / D/ .D ni sa egdir hteet eht ot resolc si eugnot eht fo pit eht[ dad O / / d hsup ,tuohS T / hs/ .edisni morf hteet reppu eht sehcuot pit eugnot ehT .relluf tub ,'suht` ni sa ,'ht` srettel eht ekil sdnuoS X / / Z Ï esaelp ,oreZ R / / z .htuom eht fo foor eht fo tnorf eht sehcuot eugnot eht fo tnorf eht ;relluf tub ,'nos` dna 'nus` ni sa ,'s` rettel eht ekil sdnuoS U / / S ediuG noitaicnunorP 61
  • 13. .pots ro esuap uoy fi meht daer ton oD .no daer uoy fi stekcarb eht edisni slobmys eht ecnuonorP )( .no daeR .esuap TON oD - dnif ,eci /ya/ )detsaf( amaaS ;)dias( alaaq :sdrow cibarA - rac ,rats /aa/ .)denruter( abaa ;)deid( ataam :sdrow cibarA - dam ,mad /aa/ yppah ,erimdA /a/ .leef ,laeD /ee/ .nis ,ni /i/ tiurf ,puorg ,nooM /uu/ tup ,d luoc ,dluohS /u/ .htuom eht fo foor eht fo tnorf eht sehcuot ,pit eht naht rehtar ,eugnot eht fo tnorf ehT .'rataQ` dna 'rettub` ni sa ,relluf tub ,'t` rettel eht ekil sdnuoS W /T/ .eson eht sdrawot de t r e v id si r i a d n a , s u o i v b o ssel tub ,'n` rettel eht ekil sdnuos ti - knom ,knat ,gniR n j /l / . )tsohg( teerfi' ,)kcab emoc( du' ,)eman( tafara' Y /z/ 71 ediuG noitaicnunorP
  • 14. ./allaj aw azzaz/ :sa ti daeR .hallA ot eb ytsejam dna ronoH :snaem tI N ./mallas - a w i h ya l az uh a a l-l a ll a S/ :s a ti daeR .mih nopu eb ecaep dna sreyarp s'hallA yaM :snaem tI | ediuG noitaicnunorP 81
  • 15. .hannuS eht dna na'ruQ eht morf stnemetats yb detsefinam sa 'aa'uD fo eulav dna ecnesse eht etartsnomed ot yrt lliw ew ,swollof tahw nI .sdrawer eb tsum ereht ,sdeed elbaulav rof dna ,ecruos a eb tsum ereht ,hturt yreve rof ;noitacilppus fo eulav dna ecnesse eht otni thgisni rof llac ylevitcelloc yeht woh wohs lliw stnemetats i'rahS tnaveler fo noitagitsevni luferaC . N hallA tuohtiw od tonnac eno woh fo noisserpxe na si ti rof ,pihsrow fo ecnesse eht seidobme )noitacilppus( 'aa'uD eulaV dna ecnessE 'aa'uD 1 retpahC 91 1 retpahC
  • 16. I .hgin ma I ylerus neht ,eM gninrecnoc uoy noitseuq stnavres yM nehw dnA )681(`` ,syas hallA ,681 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS nI ''.decargsid ,lleh retne lliw yeht ,ecivres yM nrocs ohw esohT !oL .reyarp ruoy raeh lliw I dna em otnu yarP :dias sah droL ruoy dnA )06(`` ,syas eH ,rifahG taruS nI ''.meht no dewotseb evah ew tahw fo dneps dna ,epoh dna raef ni droL rieht otnu yrc ot sdeb rieht ekasrof ohW )61(`` ,syas eH ,hadjaS-sA taruS nI ''.etargni rotiart yreve evas sngis ruO seined enoN .esimorpmoc meht fo emos ,dnal ot efas meht sgnirb eH nehw tuB .ylno miH rof erup htiaf rieht gnikam ,hallA otnu yrc yeht ,sgninwa ekil meht sduorhsne evaw a fi dnA )23(`` ,syas eH ,)23( hayA ni ,oslA ''.taerG eht ,emilbuS eht si eH ,hallA esuaceb dna ,eslaF eht si miH ediseb ekovni yeht hcihw taht dna ,eurT eht si eH ,hallA esuaceb )os si( tahT )03(`` ,syas N hallA ,)03( hayA ,namquL taruS nI pihsroW fo ecnessE eht si noitacilppuS 1.1 eulaV dna ecnessE :'aa'uD 02
  • 17. dnA ... )011(`` ,syas , r u e N halrlAya'raPsIs-il'Aaat'aurDS3n.1I )2( ''.yaD noitcerruseR eht no )srewollof/noitan( hammu ym fo rovaf ni noissecretni rof enim derots evah I tub ,noitacilppus laiceps a dah tehporp yrevE`` ,syas tehporP ehT | retfaereH eht ni noissecretnI rof 'aa'uD sih tpeK sah | tehporP ehT 2.1 )1( ''.pihsrow si noitacilppuS`` ,syas | dammahuM tehporP ''.srevir uoy otnu ngissa lliw dna snedraG uoy otnu ngissa lliw dna ,snos dna htlaew htiw uoy pleh lliw dnA )21( ,niar suoetnelp ni uoy rof yks eht esool tel lliw eH )11( .gnivigroF reve si eH !oL .droL ruoy fo nodrap keeS :dias evah I dnA )01(`` ,syas N hallA ,)21-01( shayA ,haoN taruS nI ''.thgira del eb yam yeht taht redro ni ,eM ni tsurt meht tel dna llac yM raeb meht tel oS .eM otnu seirc eh nehw tnacilppus eht fo reyarp eht rewsna 12 1 retpahC
  • 18. )5( ).meht no ycrem evah ot hallA gniksa yllautca tub )4(,'meht rof yarp ,hallA O` gninaem yllaretil( /mihyalaz eellaS ,ammuhaalla/ :meht rof deyarp eh ,)ytirahc yratnulov ;haakaz( haqadas rieht htiw gnimoc elpoep deviecer tehporP | eht revenehW`` ,htidaH eht ot gnidroccA ''.....meht rof tnemegaussa na si reyarp ruoY !oL .meht rof yarp dna ... )301(`` ,syas osla eH ''.meht rof gnireffo elbatpecca na si ti ylireV !oL .hallA fo thgis eht ni sgnireffo elbatpecca sa regnessem eht fo sreyarp eht osla dna...)99(`` ,syas eH ,habwaT-tA taruS nI ''.noitatulas yhtrow a htiw mih etulas dna mih no sgnisselb ksA !eveileb ohw uoy O .tehporP eht no sgnisselb rewohs slegna siH dna hallA !oL )65(`` ,syas eH ,bazhA-lA taruS nI )3( ''.'aa'ud htiw noitcennoc ni delaever saw hayA ehT`` ,ahsiA ot gnidroccA ,'aa'ud ot srefer hayA siht ni 'haalaS` ''.neewteb yaw a wollof tub ,niereht tnelis tey ron haalas ruoy ni deciov duol ton eb ,)dammahuM( uoy eulaV dna ecnessE : 'aa'uD 22
  • 19. eht ni erutrot morf hallA ni egufer kees` ot desu tehporP eht ,sreyarp sih nI ''.mih )6( | no wotseb uoy tahw sselb dna ,nerdlihc dna htlaew sih esaercni ,hallA O :dias | tehporP eht ,sanA rof yarp ot mialuS-mU yb deksa nehW`` ,htidaH eht ot gnidroccA ".eriF fo mood eht morf su draug dna ,doog si hcihw taht retfaereH eht ni dna doog si hcihw taht dlrow eht ni su otnu eviG !droL ruO" :syas ohw eh si )osla( meht fo dnA )102(`` ,syas N hallA ,haraqaB-lA taruS nI retfaereH eht ni dna woN laicifeneB si 'aa'uD ,detpeccA fI 5.1 .]32 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS[ ''!tsol eht fo era ew ylerus ,su no ycrem ton evah dna ton su evigrof uohT fI .sevlesruo degnorw evah eW !droL ruO ...)32(`` :noitacilppus siht eb ot dias era 'sdrow` ehT ''.luficreM eht ,gnitneleR eht si eH !oL .mih drawot detneler eH dna ,)noitalever fo( sdrow droL sih morf deviecer madA nehT )73(`` ,syas N hallA ,haraqaB-lA taruS nI )ecnatnepeR( habwaT si 'aa'uD 4.1 32 1 retpahC
  • 20. doog tpecxe efil gnolorp nac gnihton dna ,noitacilppus tpecxe eerceD eniviD treva nac gnihtoN`` ,syas tehporP ehT | eerceD eniviD trevA naC 'aa'uD 8.1 )9( ''.)gnihtemos rof( miH gniksa sdnah sih pu stup eh fi dednah-ytpme tnacilppus a yawa nrut ton seod eH taht suoreneg dna yhs os si ,detlaxE eht ,desselB eht ,droL ruoY`` ,syas osla eH )8( ''.'aa'ud naht hallA ot reraed si gnihtoN`` ,syas | tehporP ehT hallA ot tseraeD si 'aa'uD 7.1 ''.doog eht otnu hgin si hallA fo ycrem ehT !oL .epoh dna raef ni miH no llac dna ,)foereht( gniredro riaf eht retfa htrae eht ni noisufnoc ton kroW )65(`` ,syas N hallA ,faar'A-lA taruS nI elpoeP dooG fo lacipyT si 'aa'uD 6.1 )7( ''.tbed dna snis ,htaed dna efil fo noitcilffa eht ,lajjaD-dA heesaM-lA fo noitcilffa eht ,evarg eulaV dna ecnessE :'aa'uD 42
  • 21. $$$ .sretreva mrah dna seno pu-derots ,srewsna etaidemmi :srovaf ruoY fo erom yb sreyarp ruo rewsna ,erom etacilppus ew sa ,hallA O :reyarp siht htiw retpahc siht edulcnoc su teL )21( ''.erom tnarg ot ydaer si hallA`` ,deilper tehporP | ehT ''.noitacilppus esaercni lliw ew neht ,lleW`` ,dias ecneidua eht fo enO ''.sevitaler gnoma ssenevisivid rof ro lufnis gnihtemos rof yarp ton seod eh taht dedivorp ,mrah fo tnuoma lauqe na morf mih tcetorp yam eH ro ,mih rof pu ti erots ro yletaidemmi mih rewsna yam eH :mih srewsna hallA ,gnihtemos rof setacilppus milsuM a fI`` :dias tehporP ehT | retaL ro renooS laicifeneB dna elbarewsnA si 'aa'uD s'reveileB ehT 9.1 )11( ".gnitacilppus peek tsum ,erofereht ,uoy ,hallA fo sevals O .tey deneppah ton sah tahw rof dna deneppah sah tahw rof doog si 'aa'uD" ,syas osla eH ''.sdeed )01( 52 1 retpahC
  • 22. 62
  • 23. tehporP eht , htidaH eno ot gnidroccA )31( | secruoS laalaH morf eB tsuM sgninraE s'tnacilppuS .2 ''.yartsa )raf( seog sreveilebsid fo reyarp ehT .ti hcaer reven lliw ti dna ,htuom sih otnu emoc yam ti taht )gniksa( retaw drawot sdnah sih htrof sehcterts ohw eno )ot esnopser eht fi( sa evas ,lla ta ton meht ot dnopser hallA ediseb yarp yeht mohw otnu esohT .reyarp laer eht si miH otnU )41(`` ,syas osla eH ,d'aR-rA taruS nI ''....miH ediseb lliw ey tahw pihsrow nehT )51( .)ylno( miH rof erup noigiler ym gnikam ,pihsrow I hallA :yaS )41(`` ,syas N hallA ,ramuZ-zA taruS nI noitnetnI fo ytiruP .1 snoitidnoC 'aa'uD 1.2 etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC 'aa'uD 2 retpahC 72 2 retpahC
  • 24. ,setacilppus eno nehW`` :syas | tehporP ehT hallA gniksA ni etuloseR eB .2 .)41(''.derewsna eb lliw noitacilppus ruoy dna ,)won( etacilppus nac uoY`` ,mih ot dias | tehporP eht ,| tehporP siH rof deyarp dna hallA desiarp ohw eno eht rof sA ''.sekil eno sa hallA etacilppus neht dna ,tehporP eht no sgnisselb siH ekovni neht ,tsrif hallA yfirolg dna esiarp ot si eno ,haalas setelpmoc eno ecnO`` ,dias eh ,nehT ".ytsah oot saw tahT" ,dias | tehporP eht ,| tehporP eht rof gniyarp tuohtiw etacilppus milsuM eno draeh gnivaH | tehporP siH no sgnisselB siH gnikovnI dna hallA gnisiarP htiw sreyarP dnE dnA tratS .1 etteuqitE 'aa'uD 2.2 .derewsna eb nac sreyarp s'eno taht os )lufwal yllacimalsI( laalah eb ot evah sgninrae s'eno ,sdrow rehto nI !derewsna eb ot noitacilppus sih tcepxe nac secruos )lufwalnu yllacimalsI( maarah morf era gnihtolc dna knird ,doof esohw nosrep a woh srednow etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD 82
  • 25. )71( ''.ti dediova syawla snoinapmoC sih dna | tehporP eht ;noitacilppus ni gnimyhr )derutcafunam( diovA`` :hamirkI ot dias sabbA-nbI .tuohs ro sliated dna gnimyhr evissecxe esu ylirassecennu ohw stnacilppus esoht ot gnirrefer eb ot demussa si hayA siht ni 'srosserggA` ''.srossergga ton sevol eH !oL .terces ni dna ylbmuh droL ruoy nopu llaC )!dniknam O )55(`` ,syas hallA ,faar'A-lA taruS nI .evissergga deredisnoc si 'aa'uD ni gnimyhr evissecxe yrassecennu fo esu etarebiled ehT gnimyhR evissecxE dna gnituohS diovA .4 .esnopser ytsah a tcepxe ton dluohs enO )61( '' '.derewsna neeb ton sah noitacilppus ym tub ,detacilppus evah I` ,gniyas tneitapmi emoceb ton seod eh sa gnol os derewsna eb ot era snoitacilppus s'enO`` ,syas tehporP ehT | tneitapmI eB toN oD .3 )51( ''.miH lepmoc nac gnihton rof ',hsiw uoy fi em evig ,hallA O` ,yas ton dluohs eh ;devloser eb dluohs eh 92 2 retpahC
  • 26. ylralucitrap ,sreyarp dehsilbatse esu dluohs eno ,noissergsnart diova ot ,oslA .tniaf ylbisneherpmocni ron duol rehtien .e.i ,hguone raelc eb dluohs eciov s'enO .gnitacilppus nehw tuohs ot ton si eno ,suhT "!sreveilebsid tsgnoma sreodgnorw eht hsinup ,luficreM tsoM eht ,hallA O" ,yarp ot noissergsnart fo tca na si ti ,ylralimiS "...gnihsinup ni ereveS enO eht ,hallA O" ,gniyas yb ycrem dna ssenevigrof rof N hallA ksa ot yrotcidartnoc si ti ,elpmaxe roF .ylirotcidartnoc etacilppus ot noissergsnart deredisnoc osla si tI )91(".enO gnieeS lla dna gniraeH-lla eht gnitacilppus era uoY .tnesba ro faed ton si gnitacilppus era uoy enO eht ;elbatrofmoc eb ,elpoep O" ,dias tehporP eht ",tsetaerg eht si hallA" ,gnituohs pirt a no milsuM a gniraeH )81(".''aa'uD ni ssergsnart ohw esoht eb lliw erehT` :yas regnesseM s'hallA draeh I .lleH morf noitcetorp rof dna nevaeH rof hallA ksa ,nos ym O" ,dias laffahguM nbI halludbA ",nevaeH fo edis thgir eht no ecalap etihw a rof uoY ksa I !hallA O" ,etacilppus nos sih gniraeh nO etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC : 'aa'uD 03
  • 27. a fo 'aa'ud eht rewsna ton seod hallA taht erawa eB .sreyap ruoy rewsna lliw eH taht tnedifnoc eb tsum uoy ,hallA gnitacilppus nehW" ,syas | dammahuM tehporP ''.sU otnu evissimbus erew dna ,raef ni dna gnignol ni sU otnu deirc yeht dna ,sdeed doog ni rehto eht htiw eno eiv ot desu yehT !oL ...)91(`` ,syas N hallA ,'ayibnA-lA taruS nI traeH fo ssenevitnettA dna noissimbuS wohS .6 .stipmra )22( etihw gnilaever ,hgih sdnah sih desiar | tehporP eht ,niar rof gnitacilppus nehw ,ecnO .halbiQ-lA gnicaf tuohtiw niar rof deyarp )12( | tehporP eht ,)hceeps( habtuhk yadirF a gnireviled elihw taht eurt si ti ,revewoH ''.tuo edisni kaolc sih denrut dna halbiQ )02( -lA decaf neht ,llafniar rof detacilppus | regnesseM s'hallA`` ,htidaH eht ot gnidroccA niaR rof gniyarP nehW ylralucitraP ,sdnaH ruoY esiaR dna halbiQ eht ecaF .5 .'aa'ud fo yretsam kcal ohw esoht rof doog si sihT .seno evisneherpmoc 13 2 retpahC
  • 28. fo tca na detreva eh woh denoitnem rehtona ;stnerap sih ot saw eh doog woh denoitnem eno :sdeed doog rieht htiw sgnisselb s'hallA ekovni ot dah yehT .tuo teg ot elbanu erew yeht os ,ecnartne evac eht dekcolb dna nwod llef kcor gib A .thgin eht yats ot evac a otni tnew ohw swollef eerht eht tuoba htidaH nwonk-llew eht ni detcelfer ylraelc si sihT .sdeed doog sih hguorht pleh rof yarp nac enO sdeeD dooG ruoY hguorhT sgnisselB s'hallA ekovnI .9 ''.od yeht tahw detiuqer eb lliw yehT .seman siH emehpsalb ohw esoht fo ynapmoc eht evael dnA .meht yb miH ekovnI .seman tseriaf eht era s'hallA )081(`` ,syas eH ,faar'A-lA taruS nI semaN tseriaF siH yb hallA no llaC .8 )42( ''....,detacilppus neht ,detacilppus neht ,detacilppus | regnesseM s'hallA ,thgin eno ro ,yad nO`` ,ahsiA ot gnidroccA noitacilppuS ni tsisreP .7 ".traeh detseretnisid ,tnegilgen )32( etteuqitE dna snoitidnoC :'aa'uD 23
  • 29. $$$ .hallA ot gnisaelp dna elbatpecca eb devlovni troffe elohw eht yaM .etteuqite 'aa'uD fo stnemele tnatropmi tsom eht stneserper denoitnemerofa ehT )72( ''.seno ressel ton ,snoitacilppus evisneherpmoc esu ot devol | regnesseM s'hallA`` )62(.sgninaem fo sdaol seirrac tub ,feirb yllacipyt si tI .retfaereH eht dna dlrow siht fo doog eht gnikees snoitacilppus eht ot srefer 'aa'ud evisneherpmoC 'aa'uD evisneherpmoC esU .01 )52( .evac eht fo tuo teg ot elba erew yeht ,yllautneve dna ,ffo ekorb kcor eht fo trap a ,snoitacovni rieht fo hcae htiW .renwo lanigiro eht ot )tiforp sulp ytiuqe( denruter eh hcihw ,tiforp fo laed taerg a edam ti taht yllufhtiaf os tsurt s'enoemos retfa dekool eh woh denoitnem driht eht dna ;snoitatpmet fo etips ni yretluda 33 2 retpahC
  • 30. 43
  • 31. ) ''.noitartsorp ni erom etacilppus ,eroferehT82( .noitartsorp gnirud hallA ot tseraen si enO`` :htidaH eht morf ecnedivE .]91 hayA ,qalA-lA taruS[ ''.)hallA otnu( raen ward dna ,flesruoy etartsorp tuB .mih ton yebO !yaN`` :na'ruQ eht morf ecnedivE noitartsorP gniruD .1 .meht fo emos era gniwollof ehT .niereht noitacilppus esaercni dna meht yfitnedi eno taht dednemmocer si ti ,eroferehT .sreyarp gnirewsna rof secalp dna semit ,snoitautis elbarovaf ro enutroppo ot stniop erutaretil hannuS eht ,revewoH .miH ot ylno sgnoleb snoitacilppus ot esnopser s'hallA fo egdelwonK 'aa'uD gnirewsnA roF snoitautiS enutroppO 3 retpahC 53 3 retpahC
  • 32. miH oT .srentrap tuohtiw enola ,hallA tub doG on si erehT :si dias reve evah stehporP ew tseb eht dna ,hafarA fo yaD eht no dias taht si noitacilppus tseb ehT`` ,syas | tehporP ehT yaD hafarA eht nO .3 )92(''....ecitsujni na gnireffus nosrep a dna relur tsuj a ,)tsaf sih skaerb eh llit( nosrep gnitsaf a :era derewsnanu og ton lliw snoitacilppus esohw elpoep eerhT`` :htidaH eht morf ecnedivE .malsI fo rallip htruof eht ,gnitsaf htiw noitisopatxuj ni sreyarp gnirewsna snoitnem hallA ,haraqaB-lA taruS morf shayA owt eseht nI ''.thgira del eb yam yeht taht redro ni ,eM ni tsurt meht tel dna llac yM raeb meht tel oS .eM otnu seirc eh nehw tnacilppus eht fo reyarp eht rewsna I .hgin ma I ylerus neht ,eM gninrecnoc uoy noitseuq stnavres yM nehw dnA )681( .lufknaht eb yam uoy erutnevdarep taht dna ,uoy dediug gnivah rof hallA yfingam dluohs uoy taht dna ,doirep eht etelpmoc dluohs uoy ...)581(`` :na'ruQ eht morf ecnedivE gnitsaF elihW .2 'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO 63
  • 33. draeh tehporP eht ,hteedaH eht ot gnidroccA .rewsna elbarovaf a gnikees fo yaw evitceffe tsom eht deredisnoc si emaN tsetaerg siH gnikovni yb hallA gnitacilppuS :emaN tsetaerG siH yb N N hallA gnikovnI .4 .)hturt eht swonk hallA ylnO( mal'a-uhaallaw - yaD hafarA eht gnirud noitacilppus rof eerf eb ot saw eh luferac woh ylpmi yam sihT)43(.sreyarp noonretfa eht dna noon eht denibmoc dna )33(hafarA fo tnuoM eht no hceeps trohs a dereviled tehporP eht ,egamirglip | gnirud taht egdelwonk nommoc si tI )23( ''].syad rehto no flesti liava ton seod ti sa ,yaD eht fo ytinutroppo eht etsaw ton dluohs yeht ,dnah rehto eht nO .tol a etacilppus dna yaD taht ecnarbmemer s'hallA peek ot dnah eno eht no desivda era smirglip milsuM[ .sreyarp gnirewsna rof emit enutroppo tsom a si)13(,eriflleH eht morf elpoep fo tol a sevas hallA nehw ,yaD hafarA ehT N )03( ''.tnetepmoc sgniht lla revo si eH dna ,eud si esiarp lla miH ot ,noinimod eht sgnoleb 73 3 retpahC
  • 34. )63( ''.hallA dna ti neewteb reirrab on si ereht rof ,eno degnorw eht fo noitacilppus eht fo eraweB ...`` ,mih ot dias | tehporP eht ,nemeY ot hda'uM gnidneS degnorW nehW .6 ''!tcelfer yeht od elttiL ?hallA ediseb doG yna ereht sI ?htrae eht fo syoreciv uoy edam htah dna ,live eht sevomer dna miH otnu seirc eh nehw eno dessertsid eht srewsna ohw )tseb( eH ton sI )26(`` ,syas e s N hallA ;lmaN-nA taruSssneri ttsniDdnivi eneshi Wih.T 5 )53( ".rof gniyarp si ehs / eh tahw tnacilppus eht sevig dna srewsna hallA ,ti yb detacilppus fi ;emaN tsetaerg siH yb hallA detacilppus sah nam siht ,si luos ym dnaH esohW ni ,enO eht yB" ,dias tehporP eht ,'aa'ud siht gniraeh nO ".elbarapmoc si enon ohW otnu dna ,nettogeb ton si ohW dna ,ton stegeb ohW ,lla fo thguoseb yllanrete eht ,enO eht era uoY .uoY tub doG on si ereht taht dna ,hallA era uoY taht yfitset I rof ,uoY gnitacilppus ma I ,hallA O" :sreyarp eseht yas milsuM a 'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO 83
  • 35. na si ereht ,yadirF nO`` ,dias | tehporP ehT yadirF no ruoH gnirewsnA eht gniruD .01 ''. hamaaqi dna naahda neewteb detcejer )93( reven si noitacilppuS`` ,dias | tehporP ehT )reyarP gnitratS rof eniL ni dnatS ot llaC( hamaaqI dna )reyarP rof llaC( naahdA neewteB .9 ''.nos sih tsniaga )83( tnerap a fo taht dna gnillevart enoemos fo taht ,degnorw enoemos fo taht :elbarewsna yldetbuodnu era taht snoitacilppus eerht era erehT`` ,dias | regnesseM s'hallA gnillevarT nehW .8 ''.em evigroF .evigrof ot )73( evol uoY dna ,gnivigrof-reve era uoY ,hallA O :yaS`` ,dias | tehporP eht , rdaQ-lutaliaL no yas ot tahw tuoba ahsiA yb deksa nehW ''.shtnom dnasuoht a naht retteb si rewoP / eerceD fo thgiN ehT )3(`` ,syas N hallA ,rdaQ-lA taruS nI )rewoP / eerceD fo thgiN eht( rdaQ-lutalyaL nO .7 93 3 retpahC
  • 36. tnemugra eht troppus shtidaH tnaveler tsom ,oslA .)smilsuM suoethgir ylrae( falaS eht fo tsom era os dna ,weiv rettal eht fo rovaf ni si eh ,evoba denoitnem sA .noonretfa yadirF no ruoh tsal eht si ti :si rehto ehT .reyarp yadirF eht fo dne eht ot tiplup eht no sdnats mamI eht emit eht morf stsal ti :si enO .shtidaH dehsilbatse-llew eht fo thgil eht ni elbarovaf erom era srednetnoc esoht fo owt ylno ,tcaf nI .ruoh taht fo emit eht ot sa srednetnoc nevele gninimaxe retfa noisulcnoc taht dehcaer eH .noonretfa eht ni ruoh tsal eht eb tsum ruoh enutroppo yadirF eht taht seugra eh ;weiv tnereffid a sah miyyaQ-lA-nbI ,revewoH )24( '' '.reyarp yadirF eht sdne eh emit eht dna ]tiplup eht no[ stis mamI eht emit eht neewteb si ]ruoh yadirF eht[ tI` ,yas regnesseM s'hallA draeh I`` :detroper | saw ti ,ira'hsA-lA asuM-ubA fo ytirohtua eht no ;milsuM hihaS ni denoitnem si tahw si ruoh taht tuoba dias neeb sah tahw fo tcerroc tsom eht ,)14(iwawaN-nA ot gnidroccA )04( ''.detcejer si hallA ot gniyarp gnidnats milsuM a fo noitacilppus on hcihw gnirud ruoh 'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO 04
  • 37. ,droL ruo ,thgin yrevE`` ,syas | tehporP ehT emiT rahaS eht gniruD .11 .sruoh owt esoht gnirud hallA )54( etacilppus ot hammU sih degru | tehporP eht ,yltnedivE .shtidaH tnaveler lla yb detroppus sa ,rsA retfa eno eht si ruoh laiceps eht ,tey ;llew sa snoitacilppus gnirewsna rof emit enutroppo na si reyarp yadirF eht fo ruoh eht taht eveileb osla I :syas miyyaQ-lA-nbI ,tnemugra sih gnidulcnoC ''.rsA retfa ruoh tsal eht si tI .sreyarp sih )44( srewsna hallA ,gnihtemos rof syarp milsuM a fi ,meht fo eno gnirud ;]sruoh[ evlewt si )yad( yadirF`` ,dias evah ot detroper si | tehporP eht , yeaassaN-nA nanuS ihdimreT dna , -tA nanuS duuwaaD-ubA nanuS ot gnidroccA ''.]noonretfa eht[ rsA retfa si tI )34( .detcejer si hallA ot gniyarp gnidnats milsuM a fo noitacilppus on hcihw gnirud ruoh na si ereht ,yadirF nO`` ,dias evah ot detroper si | tehporP eht , damhA dansuM ot gnidroccA .miyyaQ-lA-nbI yb drawrof tup secnedive era woleB .ruoh noonretfa eht rof 14 3 retpahC
  • 38. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa h = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ Ï ± ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ $$$ .etutsa dna esiw gnieb fo ngis a si siht rof ,meht rof doog si tahw ot kcits dluohs yehT .riapsed ton tsum dna ,pleh rof hallA ot yarp dluohs yehT .laicifeneb erom dna elbarovaf erom era yeht sa ,niereht gnitacilppus fo ytinutroppo eht ekat dluohs smilsuM .derewsna sreyarp ruoy gnivah rof secalp dna semit ,snoitautis enutroppo eht no noitces eht sedulcnoc sihT ''?mih evigrof lliw I taht )64( os ssenevigrof yM rof gniksa enoemos ereht sI ?mih ot ti evig lliw I taht os gnihtemos rof em gniksa enoemos ereht sI ?reyarp sih rewsna lliw I taht os em gnitacilppus enoyna ereht sI` :syas dna )thgin eht fo trap tsal( rahas eht gnirud nevaeh yldlrow eht ot nwod semoc ,detlaxE eht ,desselB eht 'aa'uD gnirewsnA rof snoitautiS enutroppO 24
  • 39. Ï suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ ; oc = w /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;e hs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /ljn/ ;tis = /i/ ehT )7( ;htap thgiarts eht su wohS )6( .pleh . rof ksa ew enola uoY ;pihsrow ew )enola( uoY )5( ;tnemgduJ fo yaD eht fo renwO )4( ,luficreM eht ,tnecifeneB ehT )3( ,sdlroW eht fo droL ,hallA ot eb esiarP )2( .luficreM eht ,tnecifeneB eht ,hallA fo eman eht nI )1(" /neellaa-aaD-Dal-aw ,mihyalaz ibuuDhgam-liryahg ,mihyalaz atmazna anee dal-laTaariS )7( ,)a(meeqatsum ± laTaariS-Sanidhi )6( ,)u(neezatsan akayyi-aw ,udub'zan akaayyi )5( ,)i(need -dimway ikilaam )4( ,)i(mee har-rinaam harra )3( ,)ra(neemalaaz-libbar ihaal-lil udma hla Ï Ï )2( ,)i(mee har-rinaam har-rihaal-lmsib )1(/ Ï Ï Ï hahitaF-lA taruS .1 )74( na'ruQ suoirolG eht morF 'aa'uD 4 retpahC 34 4 retpahC
  • 40. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ dÏ ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ ! "p . [G 2rLI: 102] -o ,)*/0-.#$ ".eriF fo mood eht morf su draug dna ,doog si hcihw taht retfaereH eht ni dna doog si hcihw taht dlrow eht ni su otnu eviG !droL ruO )102(" /raan-nabaa daz aaniq-aw ± ,)wat(anasa h itarihkaa-lif-aw ,)wat(anasa h aaynud-dif Ï aanitaa aanabbar )102(/ Ï 102 hayA ,haraqaB-lA trauS .2 6 Ap | [G l. 8E7] . Az 4; < 9 : ? A { Ax )1 2 7 8 5 A y o '*( / &- . 3 % 0 +, A w ".yartsa og ohw esoht fo ron regna ruoY nrae ohw esoht fo )htap eht( toN ;derovaf tsah uoY mohw esoht fo htap na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 44
  • 41. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . /neerifaak -limwaq-lalaz aanruSl af n j aanaalwam n atl a j . ,aanma hr-aw ,aanal rifhg-aw ,aannaz ufz-aw . ,)i(hib aanal ataqaaT aal aam aanlimma hut Ï n j aal-aw aanabbar ,aanilbaq l im anee dal-lalaz ± Ï uhatlama h aamak l arSi n j aanyalaz lim hat Ï . . aal-aw aanabbar ,aan'aThka wa aaneesan Ï -ni aan dihkaa-ut aal aanabbar )682(/ ± 682 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS .4 n p [G 2rLI: 052] @ o vm s r q p o ut ".klof gniveilebsid eht tsniaga pleh su evig dna ,erus dlohtoof ruo ekam ,ecnarudne su no wotseB !droL ruO ....)052(" /neerifaak -imwaq-lala aanruSnaw ,aanamaadqa tibbaht aw ,)w(arbaS anayla hgirfa aanabbar )052(/ 052 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS .3 54 4 retpahC
  • 42. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ d ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / Ï ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ su nopu wotseb dna ,su dediug evah uoY retfa yarts ot straeh ruo ton esuaC !droL ruO )8(" n ./baahhaw -latl a akanni ,)nat(am har j akl udal-lim n j . aanal . bah-aw ,aanatiadah Ï di adzab aanabuuluq hgizut aal aanabbar )8(/ ± 8 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .5 9 p [G 2rLI: 682] . 5 6:4G H E 3 o b / a0'.%+&,=)$*!7"8 - 1(2 ? @# > ; < ".klof gniveilebsid eht revo yrotciv su evig dna ,rotcetorP ruo ,uoY ,su no ycrem evah dna su evlosba ,su nodraP !raeb ot htgnerts eht ton evah ew hcihw taht su no ton esopmI !droL ruO !su erofeb esoht no yal did uoY sa nedrub a hcus su no ton yaL !droL ruO !kram eht ssim ro ,tegrof ew fi ton su nmednoC !droL ruO ...)682(" na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 64
  • 43. Ï suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /ljn/ ;tis = /i/ . /raan-nabaa daz aaniq-aw ,aanabunu d aanal ± ± rifhgaf ,aannamaa aananni aanabbar )61(/ :61 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .7 ~ t s Ap . [Bd b$LG f: 9] oY~}|{zyxwvu ".tsyrt eht peek ot ton sliaf hallA !oL .tbuod on si ereht hcihw fo yaD a ot rehtegot dniknam rehtag ohW uoY si tI !droL ruO )9(" /daazeem -lufilhkuy aal ahaal-lanni ,)i(heef abiar-aal -limuay-il isan-nuzimaaj akanni aanabbar )9(/ 9 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .6 } [ Z Ap b$L @ [Bd G f: 8] oX W V U T S R Q ` _ ^ ] ".rewotseB eht era uoY ylno ,uoY !oL .ecneserP ruoY morf ycrem 74 4 retpahC
  • 44. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ d ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / Ï ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ -aw aanabuunu d aanal rifhg-anabbar )741(/ ± :741 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .9 # Azx p [Bd b$LG f: 35] . o ;<=>?@!" ".)hturt eht ot( ssentiw ohw esoht gnoma su llornE .tnes evah uoY mohw mih wollof ew dna delaever evah uoY hcihw taht ni eveileb eW !droL ruO )35(" /needihaahs -hsazam aanbutkaf ,)a(luusar-ranzabat -taw atlazl a aamib aannamaa aanabbar )35(/ n j . :35 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .8 Ap {v [Bd b$LG f: 61] . o 0/"!$#&%( "!eriF fo tnemhsinup eht morf su draug dna snis ruo su evigrof oS .eveileb eW !oL !droL ruO ...)61(" na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 84
  • 45. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . aanabbar )491( raarba-la am aanaffawat-aw z ,aanitaa-iyyas aanna z riffak-aw ,aanabuunu d ± aanal rifhgaf aanabbar ,aannamaa -af mukibbar-ib uunimaa na inaamee -lil eedaanuy-yay-idaanum aan imas aananni z aanabbar )391( raaSl a nim aneemilaaZ-Zil n j Ï Ï . aamaw ,)u(hatiazhka daqaf araan-nilihkdut n l am akanni aanabbar )291( raan-nabaa da j z . ± aaniqaf ,)a(kanaa hbus n )l (aliTaab j aa dah atqalahk aam Ï aanabbar . )191(/ ± :491-191 shayA ,narmI-lA taruS .01 _ ` ! p b$ L . [Bd G f: 741] oU V W X Y Z [ ] ^ ".klof gniveilebsid eht revo yrotciv su evig dna ,erus dlohtoof ruo ekam ,stroffe detsaw dna snis ruo rof su evigroF !droL ruO )741(" /neerifaak -limwaq-lala z n aanruSl aw j ,aanamaadqa tibbaht-aw ,aanirma . eef aanafaarsi 94 4 retpahC
  • 46. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa = h /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /±d/ Ï ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ w~v Asrqponmlk }|{zyxwvut v~v o? 2 1 4 3 6 5 8 7 A ~ ".tsyrt eht ton kaerb uoY !oL .noitcerruseR fo yaD eht nopu ton su dnuofnoC .sregnessem ruoY yb su ot desimorp evah uoY hcihw taht su evig dnA !droL ruO )491( .suoethgir eht fo htaed eht eid su ekam dna ,sdeed live ruo su morf timer dna ,snis ruo su evigrof ,eroferehT !droL ruO .deveileb ew oS "!droL ruoy ni uoy eveileB" :htiaF otnu gnillac reirc a draeh evah eW !oL !droL ruO )391( .srepleh on eb lliw ereht sreod-live roF .dednuofnoc evah uoY deedni mih :eriF eht retne ot esuac uoY mohW !droL ruO )291( .eriF fo mood eht morf su evreserP !uoY ot eb yrolG .niav ni siht ton detaerc uoY !droL ruO )191(" /daazeem -lufilhkut aal akanni ,)it(amaayiq-lamway aanizhkut aal -aw ,akilusur aalaz anattazaw aam anitaa-aw na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 05
  • 47. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ n j . "!tsol eht fo era ew ylerus ,su no ycrem ton evah dna ton su evigrof uoY fI .sevlesruo degnorw evah eW !droL ruO ... )32(" ./neerisaahk-lanim annanuukanal ,aanmahrat-aw aanal rifhgat malli -aw ,aanasufl a aanmalaZ aanabbar )32(/ n j Ï . 32 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .21 [G $ . FJI: 38]. o U , + * )p ".sessentiw eht gnoma sa su ebircsnI .eveileb ew ,droL ruO ...)38(" /needihaahs-hsazam aanbutkaf ,aannamaa aanabbar )38(/ 38 hayA ,hadi'aM-lA taruS .11 A B G H E A~y v p [Bd b$LG f: 191-491]. K L j iA~x vh gI J ePdM Nb D fO c C a 15 4 retpahC
  • 48. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ Ï ± ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ ".noisiced ekam ohw esoht fo tseb eht era uoY rof ,klof ruo dna su neewteb hturt htiw ediceD !droL ruO )98(" ./nee hitaaf -luryahk atl a-aw n j iqqa h-lib aanimwaq Ï anyab-aw . aananyab hatf-anabbar Ï )98(/ Ï 98 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .41 oY X W V U Tp [G $ bLG a: 74]. ".klof gniodgnorw eht htiw ton su ecalP !droL ruO :yas yeht ,eriF eht fo srellewd eht drawot denrut era seye rieht nehw dnA )74(" ./neemilaaZ Ï -Zimwaq-lazam aanlazjat aal aanabbar )74(/ Ï 74 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .31 ]p $bL [G G a: 32]. o' (%&[YZ_` na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 25
  • 49. suhT = /Z/ Ï ;orez = /z/ ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / n j ;tis = /i/ . ".eveilebsid taht klof eht morf su evas ,ycrem ruoY fo ,dnA )68( ;klof gniodgnorw eht rof erul a ton su ekam ,hO !droL ruO )58(" /neerifaak-limwaq-lanim akitam har -ib aanijjan-aw )68( neemilaaZ-Zimwaq Ï Ï Ï -lil-latantif aanlazjat aal aanabbar )58(/ 68-58 shayA ,sunuY taruS .61 o . - $ # " !p [G $ bLG a: 621] @ ".)uoY otnu( derednerrus evah ohw nem sa eid su ekam dna ssentsafdaets su otnu efashcuoV !droL ruO )621(" ./neemilsum aanaffawat -aw-warbaS aanialaz hgirfa aanabbar )621(/ 621 hayA ,faar'A-lA taruS .51 [G $ bLG a: 98]. o [ Z Y ( ' & % $p 35 4 retpahC
  • 50. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ Ï ± ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ stnerap ym dna em evigroF !droL ruO )14(" ./baasi h-lumuuqay amway aneenim'um-lil -aw ayyadilaaw-il-aw eel rifhg-anabbar )14(/ Ï 14 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .81 }x ' & % , + Ap 1L [E G +1%: 83]. o<;:9@?>=$#"!( ".hallA morf neddih si nevaeh eht ni ro htrae eht ni gnihtoN .mialcorp ew hcihw taht dna edih ew hcihw taht wonk uoY !oL !droL ruO )83(" n ./'aamas-sif aal-aw iDra-lif niyahs l im ihaal j -lalaz aafhkay aam-aw ,)u(nilzun aam-aw . eefhkun aam umalzat akanni aanabbar )83(/ :83 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .71 {} _ Z Ap Q . [0.& : 58-68] z} oX W R Q T S A ^ ] ` na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 45
  • 51. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . n /neemi haar-ruriahk atl a-aw ,aanma h-raw j aanal rifhgaf ,aannamaa aanabbar )901(/ Ï . Ï 901 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .02 [G u , m: 01] . o ) * + , 5 6 7 8 1 2p ".thgilp ruo ni tcudnoc thgir su rof epahs dna ecneserp ruoY morf ycrem su eviG !droL ruO...)01(" /aadahsar aanirma nim aanal 'iyyah-aw ,)wat(am har akl udal-lim n j aanitaa aanabbar )01(/ Ï . 01 hayA ,fhaK-lA taruS .91 [E1LG +1%: 14] . o vy n m l k j i h g Ap ".tsac si tnuocca eht nehw yaD eht no sreveileb dna 55 4 retpahC
  • 52. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa =h Ï /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ ± ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ aanlazj-aw ,)wi(nuyza atarruq aanitaayyirru d ± -aw aanijaawza nim aanal bah aanabbar )47(/ 47 hayA ,naqruF-lA taruS .22 [G lLq. f: 56] . o k j i h g f e d cp ".hsiugna si foereht mood ehT !ol ;lleh fo mood eht su morf trevA !droL ruO )56(" /aamaarahg anaak aahabaa daz anni ,)a(mannahaj ± abaa daz aannaz firS-anabbar )56(/ ± 56 hayA ,naqruF-lA taruS .12 901] . o m l k j i h g fp [G $&#(.f: ".ycrem wohs ohw lla fo tseb eht era uoY rof ,su no ycrem evah dna su evigrof erofereht ,eveileb eW !droL ruO )901(" na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 65
  • 53. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . H G J I Lp [e. kL: 7] . o cbaBADCFE "!lleh fo tnemhsinup eht meht morf ffo draW .yaw ruoY wollof dna tneper ohw esoht evigrof erofereht ,egdelwonk dna ycrem ni sgniht lla dneherpmoc uoY !droL ruO )7(" /mee haj -labaa da z mihiq-aw ,)a(kaleebas uu abat z Ï ± n -taw uubaat anee dal-lil rifhgaf ,)l (amli -aw j z ± . watam harri-yahs alluk at isaw aanabar )7(/ z Ï 7 hayA ,rifahG taruS .32 ,+ p [G lLq. f: 47] @ o edcba 0/.- ".awqat evresbo ohw esoht )lla( rof snrettap su ekam dna ,gnirpsffo ruo fo dna seviw ruo fo trofmoc su efashcuoV !droL ruO ...)47(" /amaami aneeqattum-lil 75 4 retpahC
  • 54. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa =h Ï /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ ± ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ si uoY otnu dna ,tnatneper nrut ew uoY otnu dna ,tsurt ruo tup ew uoY nI !droL ruO ...)4(" /reeSam-lakyali-aw ,aanbana akyali -aw ,aanlakkawat akyalaz aanabbar )4(/ 4 shayA ,hanahatmuM-lA taruS .52 [G ESL: 01] @ uv S T ] ^ _ ` Y Z [ Ap o* + , U V W X Q R ".luficreM ,ytiP fo lluF era uoY !droL ruO .eveileb ohw esoht drawot rocnar yna straeh ruo ni ton ecalp dna ,htiaf eht ni su erofeb erew ohw nerhterb ruo dna su evigroF droL ruO )01(" ./mee har-rufuu-ar akanni aanabbar ,uunamaa anee dal-lil-lalihg aanibuuluq eef lazjat ± Ï aal-aw ,)i(naamiee-lib aanuuqabas anee dal ± -laninaawhki-ilaw aanal rifhg-anabbar )01(/ 01 hayA ,rhsaH-lA taruS .42 na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 85
  • 55. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ n j ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . ".reyarP fo reraeH eht era uoY !oL .gnirpsffo yldoog ytnuob ruoY fo em nopu wotseB !droL yM )83(" /'aazud-duzeemas akanni ,)nat(abiyyaT l atayyirru d akl udal-lim eel bah ibbar )83(/ n j n j . ± . 83 hayA ,narmI-lA taruS .72 [G 9EL 0%: 8]. Bp o aIJKLMNOPA ".sgniht lla od ot elbA tra uoY !oL !su evigrof dna ,su rof thgil ruo tcefreP !droL ruO )8(" n j /reedaq l iyahs illuk aalaz akanni ,aanal rifhg . -aw ,aanaruun aanal mimta aanabbar )8(/ 8 hayA ,meerhaT-tA .62 o 4 5 6 7 8 ) *p [G $$9E(7: 4] @ ".gniyenruoj eht 95 4 retpahC
  • 56. ;)maerd cibarA( mlu h = / h/ ;sa h = /h/ r ;)si aP = ;t /hg/ ae m = /ee/ ;bmu d /D/ ht = ;si = Ï / d/ ± ; ab = d /d/ i ;dn f = ;r ts = /ya/ a ;bm l = /aa/ a /aa/ a ;ypp h = /a/ ,yrotirret siht efas ekaM !droL yM ....)53(" /maanSa-ladubzan na ayyinab -aw eenbunj-aw )w(animaa adalab-la daah lazj-ibbar )53(/ ± 53 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .92 U V W X Q Rp [+.O: 74]. oABCDMNOPIJKL ".tsol eht gnoma eb llahs I ,em no ycrem evah dna em evigrof uoY sselnU .egdelwonk on evah I foerehw taht uoY fo ksa dluohs I taht )nis eht morf( egufer kees I od uoY nI !oL !droL yM )74(" .)a(neerisaahk lanim-muka eenma hrat -aw eel rifhgat aalli-aw ,)wu(mliz ihib eel asyal Ï aam akala-sa na akib u duuza eenni ibbar )74(/ ± 74 hayA ,duuH taruS .82 [Bd b$LG f: 83]. oK F E H G B A D C ^p na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 06
  • 57. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . "....em rof ksat ym esae dna dnim ym eveileR !droL yM ... )52(" /eerma eel rissay-aw )62(,eerdaS eel harhs-ibbar )52(/ Ï 62-52 shayA ,ahaT taruS .13 Ap uy [E1LG +1%: 04] . o wvutsrqpo ".reyarp eht tpecca dnA !droL ruo ;)osla( ytiretsop ym fo emos dna ,pihsrow reporp hsilbatse ot em ekaM !droL yM )04(" /'aazud labbaqat-aw aanabbar ,itayyirru d ± n j l imaw itaalaS-Sameequm eenlazj-ibbar )04(/ . 04 hayA ,meeharbI taruS .03 zx b Ap @ [E1LG +1%: 53] ok jihgfedc ".slodi gnivres morf snos ym dna em evreserp dna 16 4 retpahC
  • 58. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/Ï ± ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ [G $ &21. A: 211]. wvv o? @ 9 : ; < 5 6 7 A p ".)miH otnu( ebircsa uoy hcihw taht tsniaga derolpmi eb ot si pleh esohw ,tnecifeneB eht si droL ruO .hturt htiw uoY egduJ !droL yM )211(" /nuufiSat aam aalaz unaazatsum-lu-naam har -ranubbar-aw ,)i(qqa h-lib muk h-ibbar )211(/ Ï Ï Ï 211 hayA ,aayibnA-lA taruS .33 o I L K N M P Op [G $ &21. A: 98]. ".srotirehni fo tseb eht era uoY hguoht ,sseldlihc ton em evaeL !droL yM )98(" ./neehtiraaw-luryahk atl a-aw ,)w(adraf eenra dat aal ibbar )98(/ n j . ± 98 hayA ,aayibnA-lA taruS .23 zw {w o@ ? > = A D C B Ap [[-: 52-62]. na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 26
  • 59. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . l iqdiS n j anaasil eel lazjaw )48(,nee hilaaS-Sib . eenqi hla-aw ,)w(amku h eel bah ibbar )38(/ Ï Ï Ï 58-38 shayA ,'aara'uhS-hsA taruS .63 o " ' ( % & +p [G $&#(.f: 49] @ ".klof gniodgnorw eht gnoma ton em tes nehT !droL yM )49(" /neemilaaZ Ï -Zimwaq-lif Ï eenlazjat aal-af ibbar )49(/ 49 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .53 o @ 9 : ; < 5 6p [G $&#(.f: 92] . ".dnal ot gnirb ohw lla fo tseb eht era uoY rof ,ecalp gnidnal desselb a ta dnal ot em esuaC !droL yM ...)92(" n /neelizl um-luryahk atl a-aw ,)w(akaraabum j n j -malazl um n j . . eenlizl a n j .. ibbar )92(/ 92 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .43 36 4 retpahC
  • 60. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ Ïd ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ ohw mih evaS )98( )nam yna( ton liava snos dna htlaew nehw yaD ehT )88( ,desiar era yeht nehw yad eht no ton em esaba dnA )78(" n /meelas l iblaq-ib ahaal-lata j nam aalli )98(,)a(nuunab . aal-aw-wulaam uzafnay aal amway )88( ,)a(nuuhtazbuy amway eenizhkut aal-aw )78(/ 98-78 shayA ,aara'uhS-hsA taruS .73 [G Sc L vv G A: 38-58] 7 n n @ y} dcbaA Ap z} 65872 ol x} kjihgAfe "...thgileD fo nedraG eht fo srotirehni eht gnoma em ecalp dnA )58( .snoitareneg retal ni troper doog a em otnu evig dnA )48( .suoethgir eht ot em etinu dna modsiw em efashcuoV !droL yM )38(" /meezan-nitannaj itahtaraw-wim eenlazjaw )58( neerihkaa-lif na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 46
  • 61. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ n ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /lj / ;tis = /i/ . op . [G ( $ ": 91] wvutsrqp oC B A ~ } | { z y x ".sevals suoethgir ruoY )fo rebmun eht( ni em edulcni dna ,uoY otnu gnisaelp eb llahs taht doog od ot dna ,stnerap ym dna em derovaf tsah uoY htiwerehw rovaf ruoY rof lufknaht eb ot em esuora ,droL yM ...)91(" ./nee hilaaS -Sakidaabiz eef akitam har-ib eenlihkda Ï -aw ,)u(haaDrat n l a hilaaS j Ï alamza na-aw . ,ayyadilaaw aalaz-aw ,ayyalaz atmazna eetal Ï -lakatamzin arukhsa na eenzizwa ibbar )91(/ lmaN-nA taruS .83 ~} $ # . - 0 Ap ScL . [G G A: 78- 98] |} }} o? : 9 < A ; & % ( ' " A ! ".traeh elohw a hallA otnu sgnirb 56 4 retpahC
  • 62. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa = h Ï /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ ± ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ ./neemilaaZ Ï -Zimwaq-lanim Ï eenijjan ibbar )12(/ 12 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .14 [G rVW: 71] @ oK L E F G H A Bp ".ytliug eht fo retroppus a eb eromreven lliw I ,em derovaf evah uoY sa hcumsaroF !droL yM )71(" /neemirjumlil-lareehaZ anuuka Ï nalaf ayyalaz atmazna aamib ibbar )71(/ 71 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .04 og f e d c bp [G rVW: 61] . ".em evigrof os ,luos ym degnorw evah I !oL !droL yM ...)61(" ./eel rifhgaf ,eesfan utmalaZ eenni ibbar )61(/ Ï 61 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .93 na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 66
  • 63. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ n j ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . ./nee hilaaS-Sanim eel bah ibbar )001(/ Ï 001 hayA ,taffaaS-sA taruS .44 o G B A D Cp [G c(u2.J: 03] . ".noitpurroc krow ohw klof eht revo yrotciv em eviG !droL yM )03(" n j /needisfum-limwaq-lalaz eenruS-l ibbar )03(/ 03 hayA ,tubaknA'-lA taruS .34 . o % ( ' " ! $ # >p [G rVW: 42] . ".em rof nwod dnes uoY doog revetahw fo ydeen ma I !droL yM ... )42(" n ./reeqaf l iryahk j nim ayyali atlazl a aamil eenni ibbar )42(/ n j . . 42 hayA ,sasaQ-lA taruS .24 o i h g f ep [G rVW: 12] @ ".klof gniodgnorw eht morf em revileD !droL yM )12(" 76 4 retpahC
  • 64. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ Ïd ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ @=> oa 7 8 ; <3 :4 1(2 ? 56 9 ' %& ".)uoY otnu( rednerrus ohw esoht fo ma I !ol dna ,tnatneper uoY otnu denrut evah I !oL .dees ym fo rettam eht ni em otnu suoicarg eb dnA .uoY otnu elbatpecca thgir od yam I taht dna ,stnerap ym dna em derovaf evah uoY htiwerehw rovaf eht rof sknaht evig yam I taht em esuorA !droL yM ... )51(" /neemilsum -lanim inni -aw ,)a(kyali utbut eenni ,eetayyirru d eef eel ± n j hilSa-aw ,uhaaDrat l a hilaaS alamza na-aw Ï . ,ayyadilaaw aalaz-aw ayyalaz atmazna eetal Ï -lakatamzin arukhsa na eenzizwa ibbar )51(/ 51 hayA ,faaqhA-lA taruS .54 uuv om l k j i Ap [G V. k. J: 001] . ".suoethgir eht fo em efashcuoV !droL yM )001(" na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 86
  • 65. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ n j . ob a X W V U T S R ".niur evas thgua ni sreod-gnorw eht ton esaercni dna ,nemow gniveileb dna nem gniveileb dna ,gniveileb esuoh ym sretne ohw mih dna stnerap ym dna em evigroF !droL yM )82(" /aaraabat aalli aneemilaaZ-Zidizat Ï Ï aal-aw ,)i(taanim'umlaw aneenim'um n -lil-aw )w(anim'um ayityab alahkad l amil j -aw ayyadilaawil-aw eel rifhg-ibbar .)82(/ 82 hayA ,haoN taruS .74 o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8p [G 9EL 0%: 11]@ "....nedraG eht ni uoY htiw emoh a em rof dliuB !droL yM ...)11(" n j /hannaj-lif l atyab akadniz eel inbi ibbar )11(/ . 11 hayA ,meerhaT-tA taruS .64 # $ !p [G $ Dr. a: 51]. 96 4 retpahC
  • 66. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ Ï ± ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ gnirb uoY dnA .thgin eht otni ssap ot yad eht esuac uoY dna ,yad eht otni ssap ot thgin eht esuac uoY )72( .sgniht lla od ot elbA era uoY !oL .doog si dnah ruoY nI .lliw uoY mohw esaba uoY dna lliw uoY mohw tlaxe uoY .lliw uoY mohw morf ytngierevos wardhtiw uoY dna ,lliw uoY mohw otnu ytngierevos evig uoY !ytngierevoS fo renwO !hallA O ... )62(" n /baasi h iryahg-ib u-aahsat l am uquzrat-aw j . ,iyya h-lanim atiyyam-lujirhkut-aw ,)i(tiyyam Ï -lanim ayya h-lujirhkut -aw ,)i(lyal-lif araahan Ï -nujiluut-aw ,iraahan-nif alyal-lujiluut )72(/ Ï n j /reedaq l iyahs illuk aalaz akanni ,)u(ryahk -lakiday-ib . ,)u('aahsat .l am n j ulli dut-aw ± ,u n j n j -aahsat l am uzzizut-aw ,)u('aahsat l ammim n j aklum-luzizl at-aw ,u-aahsat n l am j aklum .. .. -lit'ut ,)i(klum-lakilaam ammuhaala )62(/ 72-62 shayA ,narmI-lA taruS .84 Q ` _ ^ ] A}wp [&.M: 82]. na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 07
  • 67. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ n j . rof stceles eH )47( .gniwonK llA ,gnicarbmE llA si hallA .lliw eH mohw no ti swotseb eH .dnah s'hallA ni si ytnuob ehT !oL ...)37(" /meeZaz Ï -lilDaf-lu d uhaal-law ,)u('aahsay-yam ± eehitam har-ib uSSathkay )47( )yu(meelaz nuzisaaw Ï uhaal-law ,)u('aahsay-yam iheet'uy ,)i(haal-liday-ib alDaf-lanni...)37(/ 72-62 shayA ,narmI-lA taruS .94 3 [Bd b$LG f: 62-72]. %2<1p: 9 @ ? > = 4 ; ) /. - #"! '& A {w o, h0g f eodn$m ak(+i q p c b l ,j * ".tnits tuohtiw ,esoohc uoY mohw ot ecnanetsus evig uoY dnA .gnivil eht morf daed eht htrof gnirb uoY dna ,daed eht morf gnivil eht htrof 17 4 retpahC
  • 68. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = /h/ Ï ± ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ kees I dnA )89( ,seno live eht fo snoitseggus morf uoY ni egufer kees I !droL yM ... )79(" /nuuruD hay-ya ibbar akib u duuza-aw )89( ,)i(neeTaayahs ± Ï -hsitaazamah nim akib u duuza ibbar... )79(/ ± 89-79 shayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .15 o, g f ep [[-: 411] . ".egdelwonk ni em esaercnI !droL yM...)411(" ./aamliz eendiz ibbar )411(/ 411 hayA ,aH-aT taruS .05 [Bd b$LG f: 37-47] . ` _ ^ ] D C B Ap x| o, R Q X W V U [ Z Y A ".ytnuob etinifni fo si hallA .lliw eH mohw ycrem siH na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 27
  • 69. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = Ï /z/ ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / n j ;tis = /i/ . /)i(need ayil-aw ,mukuneed mukal )6( ,)u(dubza aam anuudibaaz n j mutl a aal-aw )5( ,muttabaz aam-mudibaaz . ana aal-aw )4( ,)u(dubza aam anuudibaaz n j mutl a aal-aw )3( ,)a(nuudubzat aam udubza . aal )2( ,)a(nuurifaak-lahuyya aay luq )1(/ nuurifaaK-lA taruS .35 }vv o, u t s r q p Ap [G $&#(.f: 811]@ ".ycrem wohs ohw lla fo tseb eht era uoY rof ,ycrem evah dna evigroF !droL yM ... )811(" /neemi haar -ruriahk atl a-aw ,ma hr-aw rifhg-ibbar )811(/ n j Ï . Ï 811 hayA ,nunim'uM-lA taruS .25 }~ k j Ap [G $&#(.f: 79-89] . o, |~ tsrqpoAnml ".em htiw tneserp eb yeht tsel ,droL ym ,uoY ni egufer 37 4 retpahC
  • 70. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa =h Ï /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = / d/ ± ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ ".miH otnu elbarapmoc enon si ereht dnA )4( .nettogeb saw ron ,ton stegeb eH )3( !lla fo thguoseb yllanrete eht ,hallA )2( !enO eht ,hallA si eH :yaS )1(" /da ha nawufuk uhal-lukay mal-aw )4( ,daluuy mal-aw dilay mal )3( ,damaS Ï -Suhaalla )2( ,da ha uhaalla-wuh luq )1(/ Ï saalhkI-lA taruS .45 G u. kLhf]. z { A ~ } A | { z y Ap O. [ QI x KJIAHGFEDACB y v w oT S R A Q P O N A M L ".noigiler ym em otnu dna ,noigiler ruoy uoy otnU )6( .pihsrow I hcihw taht pihsrow uoY lliw roN )5( .pihsrow uoY hcihw taht pihsrow ton llahs I dnA )4( .pihsrow I hcihw taht uoY pihsrow roN )3( ;pihsrow uoY hcihw taht ton pihsrow I )2( !sreveilebsid O :yaS )1(" na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 47
  • 71. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ n j . z 4 5 6 7 8 Ap O. l!s @ [ QI G ] x ,-.A/0123A y v w o" # $ % A & ' ( ) A * + ".seivne eh nehw reivne eht fo live eht morf dnA )5( ,tfarchctiw tnangilam fo live eht morf dnA )4( ,esnetni si ti nehw ssenkrad eht fo live eht morF )3( ,detaerc eH hcihw taht fo live eht morF )2( kaerbyaD fo droL eht ni egufer kees I :yaS )1(" /dasa h aa di nidisaa h irrahs ± n l im-aw j )5( ,)i(daquz-lif itaahtaaffan-nirrahs Ï Ï . l im-aw n j . )4( ,)a(baqaw aa di ± niqisaahg irrahs l im-aw )3( ,)a(qalahk aam irrahs n j n j l im )2( ,)i(qalaf-libbar-ib u duuza luq )1(/ . . ± qalaF-lA taruS .55 G )G0 U]. x A ] ^ _ ` ! Ap O.y [ QI v w oS T U V A W X A Y Z [ 57 4 retpahC
  • 72. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ d Ï ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ n j /meelaz -luzeemas-satl a akanni ,aannim labbaqat aanabbar )721(/ . 721 hayA ,haraqaB-lA taruS .75 [ O.QI G (. S]@ z g h i A j k l Ap { x @ Aa bc d Aefy v w o9 : ; < A = > A ? ".dniknam fo dna nnij eht fO )6( ,dniknam fo straeh eht ni srepsihw ohW )5( ,rerepsihw gnikaens eht fo live eht morF )4( ,dniknam fo doG ehT )3( ,dniknam fo gniK ehT )2( ,dniknam fo droL eht ni egufer kees I :yaS )1(" /saan-naw itannij-lanim )6( ,)i(saan-niruuduS eef usiwsawuy ee dalla ± )5( ,)i(saannahk-lisaawsaw-lirrahs n l im j )4( ,)i(saan-nihaali )3( . ,)i(saan-nikilam )2( ,)i(saan-nibbar-ib u duuza luq )1(/ ± saaN-nA taruS .65 na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 67
  • 73. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ n j ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . fo noitceles ruo edulcnoc ew ,suhT " / Ap uv [0.&Q: 01] . o Z!Y0(.'- % $ # & "!sdlroW eht fo droL ,hallA ot eb esiarP :eb lliw reyarp rieht fo noisulcnoc eht dnA .ecaeP :eb lliw niereht gniteerg rieht dnA !hallA O ,uoY ot eb yrolG :eb lliw niereht reyarp riehT )01(" /neemalaaz-libbar ihaal-lil-udma h -lina muhawzad urihkaa-aw ,)wu(maalas Ï aaheef muhutayyi hat-aw ,ammuhaalla akanaa hbus aaheef Ï muhaawzad )01(/ Ï 01 hayA ,sunuY taruS .85 o > 3 4 1 2 7 8p [G 2rLI: 721] . ".rewonK eht ,reraeH eht era ,uoY ylno ,uoY !oL .)ytud siht( su morf tpeccA !droL ruO ....)721(" 77 4 retpahC
  • 74. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ ;sa h = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /±d/ Ï ; ab = d /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ $$$ .yaD noitcerruseR )84( eht llit meht htiw elpoep tifeneb N hallA yaM .na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf snoitacilppus na'ruQ suoirolG eht morf 'aa'uD 87
  • 75. Ï suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ n ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /lj / ;tis = /i/ . p p p G $ QV hQH G cLT G uL y. 0% r n n 7 n r p p r r n p p p p G cL T G c _ , / E 1% - E/ G!- Q H G P G J hQ H $. o n7 n n 6 n n 7 r n r r n n n 6 z - !- p 1% !1% - !- n 7 / Ep n Ep/ G o G cn _ o G E p o , / Ep n Ep/ G o QnH n 6 r r n 6 )94(".enorhT suoirolG eht fo droL dna ,htrae eht dna snevaeh eht fo droL ,hallA tub doG on si ereht ;enorhT suoirolG eht fo droL ,hallA tub doG on si ereht ;gniraebroF eht ,tnecifingaM eht ,hallA tub doG on si erehT" /meerak-lihsraz-lubbar -aw ,)i(Dra-lubbar-aw ,)i(taawaamas-subbar uhaal-lalli ahaali aal ,meeZ Ï az-lihsraz-lubbar uhaal-lalli ahaali aal ,meela h-lu-meeZaz-lu-haal-lalli ahaali aal/ Ï .1 Ï .sgniyas s'dammahuM tehporP morf snoitacilppus fo noitceles a si gniwollof ehT hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD 5 retpahC 97 5 retpahC
  • 76. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ d ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / Ï ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ p p p z / E - E & & &2 ( #) G $1)y@ _. p p n o n o n n / C : O2r E. v Ep t r : n ~ n 6 n r n n 8 o t 6 )15( "sreodgnorw eht gnoma saw I .detlaxe eb uoY yaM .uoY tub doG on si erehT" /neemilaaZ-Zanim utj uk n l Ï Ï . n j eenni ,)a(kanaa hbus atl a aalli ahaalli aal/ .3 Ï . G $ DMG H hDJg, k0 R r A 1cJgy. 2 r n n n r n o n n n n r n o z - !- ( & ! r o o n 6 n / Ep n Ep/ G o hnDJn go, C bn M > r Jn g, hn VLn bn 2r Jn go, hne 3 n 6 n n n n )05( ".miH dnoyeb gnihton si ereht ;) tehporP eht tsniaga gnitaroballoc | seimene eht( bazhA eht detaefed ,enola ,eH ;suoirotciv ) dammahuM tehporP( | evals siH edam dna ,sreidlos siH deruonoh eH ;enola hallA tub doG on si erehT" ./hadzab a-iahs aalaf ,)u(had haw abaaz ha-labalahg aw ,)u(hadbaz araSan-aw Ï Ï n ,)u(hadl uj j azzaza ,)u(had haw uhaal-lalli ahaali aal/ . .2 Ï hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD 08
  • 77. suhT = /Z/ ;orez = /z/ Ï ;woc = /w/ ;doof = /uu/ ;dluoc = /u/ ;but = /T/ ;kniht = /ht/ n j ;ehs = /hs/ ;mus = /S/ ;tes = /s/ ;gnir / knat = /l / ;tis = /i/ . utannaj-law ,)wu(qqa h aku-aaqil-aw ,)u(qqa h-lakulwaq-aw ,)u(qqa h-lakudzaw Ï Ï n j n -aw ,)u(qqa h-latl a ,)a(nniheef l amaw iDra j Ï n -law itaawaamas-subbar atl a ,)u(dma h-lakal j Ï . -aw ,iDra-law itaawaamas-sumiyyaq atl a n j Ï ,)u(dma h-lakal -aw ,iDra-law itaawaamas .. . -surun atl a ,)u(dma h-lakal ammuhaalla/ .6 n j Ï . Ï p p p zG u G u Q 1 2 , / C RLc 1- R1,. y@ o o n 8 n o r o n r k ".srentrap on etaicossa )35( I mohW htiw ,droL ym si hallA ,hallA" /aa-yahs eehib akirhsu aal ,eebbar uhaalla uhaalla/ .5 p p p z0. D2 0. q1.e 1LD$9v C O9f1=y@ n n 7 n 7 o n r n n n o n r n ".eucser rof gnidaelp ma I ycrem )25( ruoY yB !lanretE eht ,evilA eht ,uoY O" /hteehgatsa akitam harib ,)u(muuyyaq aay uyya h aay/ .4 Ï Ï 18 5 retpahC
  • 78. ;)maerd cibarA( mluh = / h/ d ;sah = /h/ ;)siraP = /hg/ ;taem = /ee/ ;bmud = /D/ ;siht = /± / Ï ;dab = /d/ ;dnif = /ya/ ;rats = /aa/ ;bmal = /aa/ ;yppah = /a/ .tnemegduj rof uoY ot nommus I dna ,uoY yb eugra I dna ,uoY ot nrut I dna ,uoY ni tsurt I dna ,uoY tpecca I dna ,uoY ot timbus I ,hallA O .eurt si ruoH eht dna eurt era stehporp eht ,eurt si eriF eht ,eurt si nedraG ehT .eurt si uoY htiw gniteem eht dna eurt era sdrow ruoY ,eurt si esimorp ruoY ,hturT eht era uoY .meht ni si reveohw dna htrae eht dna snevaeh eht fo droL eht era uoY .uoY ot sgnoleb esiarp lla dna htrae eht dna snevaeh eht fo reniatsuS eht era uoY.uoYot sgnoleb esiarp dna ,htrae eht dna snevaeh eht fo thgiL eht era uoY .uoY ot sgnoleb esiarp lla ,hallA O" n /tl a aalli ahaali j n aal ,eehaali atl a ,)u(tl alza aam-aw utrarsa j n j aam-aw ,)u(trahk-hka aam-aw utmaddaq . . . aam eel rifhgaf ,)u(tmakaa h akyali-aw ,)u(tmaSaahk akib-aw ,)u(tbana akyali-aw Ï ,)u(tlakkawat akyalaz-aw ,)u(tl amaa akib jn -aw ,)u(tmalsa akal ammuhaalla ,)nu(qqa h . utazsaas-saw ,)wu(qqah anuuyyiban Ï -naw ,)wu(qqa h uraan-naw ,)wu(qqa h Ï Ï hannuS eht morf 'aa'uD 28