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a]jfl/;] ;Nnf3f/Ldf gofFaif{ pT;a
/ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/

     /fhtGqsf] cGTo ;+u} /fli6«os/0f ul/Psf]
eQmk'/ ;Nnf3f/Lsf] !)* /f]kgL If]qkmndf km}lnPsf]
rf}/ a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5 . ;f] rf}/ g]kfnsf] bf]>f] e[s[6Ld08k
aGg ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]v]/ eg] gofF aif{ tyf la:s]6 hfqfsf]
cj;/df ToxfF Aofkf/Ls 3/fgfsf] ;F:yf rf}w/L u|'kn] tLg
lbg] pT;a cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo af/fxL o'jf
;dfhsf] Aoa:yfkgdf x'g nfu]sf] pT;j la:s]6 hfqfsf
bz{sx?nfO{ yk dgf]/~hg lbgsf] nflu cfof]hgf
ug{ nfluPsf] pT;a Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o ;'/]Gb« >]i7n]
atfP .
     pT;adf laleGg %) :6n /flvg]5 . eQmk'/af6
pTkfbg x'g] efbufpFn] 6f]kL, sfi7snfsf ;dfu|L,
x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx? k|bz{gsf] nflu /flvg] 5 . To;} u/L
b]zL lab]zL kl/sf/ ;lxtsf vfgfsf] :6n klg /flvg] ePsf] 5 .
g]kfnsf laleGg :yfgdf pTkfbg ul/Psf hl8a'6L hGo
a:t' tyf hl8a'6L klg bz{sn] k|bz{g sIfx?df x]g]{ df}sf
kfpg] 5g .
    s/La !) xhf/ bz{sn] cjnf]sg ug]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf]
pT;asf] klxnf] lbg :yfgLo snfsf/4f/f ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd
b]vfpg] sfo{qmd to ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L gofF aif{sf]
klxnf] lbg a}zfs ! ut] eg] ufos /ljg tfdfªsf] nfOe sG;6{
dfkm{t ;Nnf3f/L ysf{P/, cfof]hsx?n] bz{sx?;+u gofF
aif{sf] z'esfdgf cfbfk|bfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 .
afudtL hf]ufpg u'XoZj/L dxf]T;a
/ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/
gd'gf agfO lbof} kfunk|]dLsf]
h'g af6f]df dfof nfof} 
ToxL af6f} g} e'lnlbof} 
    afudtL gbLsf] lsgf/fdf /x]sf] uf}/L3f6 glhs} a:g]
of]uz vltj8f of] uLt ;fa{hlgs ePsf] avt lgs} efa's ag]sf
lyP . cfkmgL k'j{ k|]dLsf;+u Tolta]nf la5f]8 x'bfF
klxnf] k6s ;'Gbf cfkmg} hLagdf cfwf/Lt uLt ePsf]n]
o:f uLtsf ufos tyf uLtsf/ ldªdf z]kf{nfO{ e]6g
of]u]zn] 7'nf] clenfiff af]s]sf lyP . cj b'O{ aif{sf] k|
ltIffdf kl5 eg] of]u]zn] ldªdfnfO{ gofF aif{sf] cj;/df
x'g nfu]sf] u'XoZu/L dxf]T;asf] sG;6{df e]6g] df}sf
kfpg] 5g .
     a}zfs ! / @ ut] afudtL ;Eotf hf]ufpg pb]Zon]
u'XoZj/L dxf]T;a x'g nfu]sf] xf] . afudtL gbL ;+u} 3/
ePsf of]u]zn] afudtLsf] b'b{zfsf] sf/0f g} k|]ldsf ;bfsf
nflu u'dfpg k'u]sf x'g . b'O{ aif{ cl3 ;Dd pgL
cfkmgL k|]ldsfsf] ;fydf ;f] If]qdf /x]sf af6f] lx8b}
agsfnL,d[u:ynL h:tf 8]l6ª :k6x?df 3'Dg hfg] ub{y] .
dfof ;f6f;f6 ub{y] . Ps k6s p;n] cfkmgL k|]ldsfsf]
kl/jf/;+u lajfxsf] k|:tfj uof]{ . ;a} s'/f t /fd|} lyof], t/
s]6L kIfn] eg] lajfxsf] nflu s]6fn] k|b'lzt afudtL
lsgf/fsf] 3/ 5f]8]/ cGoq a:g hfg' kg]{ zt{ cufl8 ;f/] .
     of]u]zsf] kl/jf/nfO{ nflu of] s'/f d~h'/ ePsf] lyPg /
s]6Lsf] lajfx cs}{ s]6f;+u eP kl5 s]6Ln] dfof nfPsf]
af6f] g} e'lnlbOg . of]u]z h:t} To:f If]qsf cGo
o'jfo'jtLsf] klg o;/L g} ;DaGw 6'6]sf] 5 . cj yk o'jfx?
sf] ;DaGw lau|g glbg afudtLsf] clanDa ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]
{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
afudtLsf] gofF 9+un] :j?k kl/at{g ug'{ k5{, eGg]
pb]Zon] dxf]T;adf afudtLsf] aftfa/0f ;'wf/sf] nflu klg
sfo{qmd /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu afudtL gbLsf]
;/;kmfO{ / a[Iff/f]k0f u/]/ xl/ofnL a9fpg] sfo{qmd to
ePsf] 5 . afudtL k|b'lift x'g'df cfw'lgs ef]h et]/df k|
of]u x'g] af]6n aGbL k]o kbfy{ / Kofs]6 aGbL vfB
kbfy{af6 lg:s]sf sfd gnfUg] a:t' gbLdf cAoal:yt ?kdf
kmofSg' d'Vo sf/0f xf] . o:t} sf/0faf6 gbLnfO{ yk
b'u{Gw x'g glbg eg] cfof]hsx?n] k/Dk/fut g]jf/ ef]h
cyf{t nKt] Ejosf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf 5g . nKt] Ejoaf6
lg:s]sf ;a} a:t' k|fªuf/Ls dn agfpgdf k|of]u ug{ ;ls
g] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbP .
    bz{sx?sf] dgf]/~hgsf] nflu eg] k/Dk/fut nfv]
gfrsf] laif]z k|bz{g ul/g]5 . sG;6{df eg] ldªufdf z]kf{,
wL/h /fO{ nufotsf VoftL k|fKt ufosx?n] uLt ufP/
bz{s grfpg] 5g .
la:s]6 hfqf x]g{ kbofqf
/ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/
gofF aif{sf] lbgdf eQmk'/sf] Nofl;ªv]ndf
78oOPsf] lnªuf] x]g{ b]zsf laleGg efuaf6 hfqfn'x?
sf] cf]O/f] nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . eQmk'/ ;x/ leq ;fa{hlgs ;jf/
L rnfOg] ul/Psf] 5}g . ;x/sf] aflx/L l;dfgfaf6 hfqfn'x?
kbofqf u/]/ Nofl;ªv]n k'Ug' kg]{ x'G5 .
    cfkmgf cfkmGt;+usf] e]63f6 kl5 hfqf :yn k'Ug'
ptd dflgG5 . x/Lt ;dquot;xsf k|ltlglw /fhf k|hfkltn] hfqf:yn
k'Ug s/La eQmk'/ rqmky leq s/La tL; j6f gfsf klxrfg
u/]sf 5g . ;a}eGbf Ao:t x'g] gfsf rflx ;'o{lagfos xf] .
hxfFaf6 /fddlGb/, nfsf]nf5] / vFnf x'b} hfqf:yn
k'Ug ;lsG5 . o; gfsf ;+u} /x]sf] e'nfFrfaf6 k|a]z ug]
{x?n] eg] v]tsf] af6f] eP/ xg'dGt] vf]nf t/]/ sf7df08'
laZjlaBfnosf] ;+uLt laefu /x]sf] l;ajfno k'u]/
ToxfFaf6 hfqf:yn ;Dd hfg ;lsG5 .
    t]>f] gfsf sfNxfFrf xf] . hxfFaf6 eLd;]g :yfg x'b}
hfqf:yn k'luG5 . rf}yf} gfsf 8fFufrf jf6 k|a]z u/] kl5
eLd;]g :yfg eP/ g} hfqf:yn k'Ug ;lsG5 . kfFrf] gfsf
of]1faf6 k|a]z u/]sf] nut} jfl;srf eGg] :yfg k'u] kl5
eLd;]g :yfgsf] af6f] x'b} hfqf:yn k'luG5 . 5}7f} gfsf
xg'dfg3f6 gfsf xf] . oxfFaf6 hfd] dl:hb, oftf, s'df/L
6f]n / eb«sfnL dlGb/ x'b} hfqf:yn k'luG5 .
    ;ftf} gfsf dfx]Zj/L gfsf xf] . oxfFaf6 k|a]z u/] kl5
lgdf{0fwLg njh' b/jf/ x'b} dfx]Zj/L3f6, d'lglaxf/,
vFrfk'v', em6nf, rf;'v]n, un;Lk'v' eP/ Nof]l;ªv]n k'Ug'
kb{5 . cf7f} gfsf lnjfnLdf 5 . oxfFaf6 ;x/ k;] kl5
h]nFf, dsf] uNnL, jfr'6f]nsf] :ofn uNnL, Ogfrf], uf]df/
L x'b} lnªuf] p7fpg] :yfg;Dd k}bn lx8]/ hfg ;lsG5 .
gjf} gfsf RofDxfl;xdf t k/Dk/fut z}nLdf agfOPsf] k|
a]z4f/ ;d]t agfOPsf] 5 . oxfFaf6 ;'o{k9L, tf}nf5],
Ogfrf] / uf]df/L x'b} Nof]l;ªv]n k'luG5 . bzf} gfsf u?
8s'08ndf 5, hxfFaf6 k|a]z u/]/ Tjrf uNnL, sldrf uNnL
eP/ tf}nf5] k'Ug' kb{5 . clg oxfFaf6 uf]df/L x'b}
Nof]l;ªv]ndf hfqf x]g{ hfg ;lsG5 .
    P3f/f} gfsf ;lt; k|hfklt uNnL xf] . oxfFaf6 u5}
6f]n, ;fsf]ng eP/ btfqo k'luG5 . btfqoaf6 eg]
pko'Qm af6f] /f]h]/ hfqf x]g{ uGtAodf k'Ug ;lsG5 .
afx|f} gfsf nfdfufnaf6 k|j]z u/] kl5 gjb'uf{ dlGb/,
Sjf708f} 6f]n, oftf5] / rf]rf{ x'b} uf]df/L lg:s] kl5 hfqf
x]g{ hfg] af6f] x'b} hfqf:yn k'Ug ;lsG5 .
    t]x|f} gfsf gfufFrfaf6 k|a]z u/] kl5 a]vfn, gfukf]v/
L, of5}, ;'s'n9f]sf / rf;'v]n k'u]/ hfqf:yn hfg ;lsG5 .
rf}wf} gfsf d'n9f]sf k|a]z u/] kl5 a]vfn laxf/ eP/
gfukf]v/Lsf] af6f] k5ofpb} lnªuf] pEofpg] :yfgdf
k'luG5 . kGw|f} gfsf d'nfFnfaf6 l5/] kl5 eg] a]nfn
laxf/ eP/ g} hfqf:yn k'Ug] xf] . ;f]x|f] gfsf a]vfn
kf]v/Laf6 k|a]z ug]{ x? yfnf5] x'b} gfukf]v/Lsf] af6f]
k5ofpb} hfqf:yn k'Ug' kb{5 . ;qf} gfsf dxfnIdL af6
l5/] kl5 ef]nf5] / nfnf5] kf/ u/]/ ;'s'n9f]sfsf] af6f] eP/
hfqf :yn k'Ug] xf] .
    c7f/f} gfsf dxfsfnLaf6 ;x/ k|a]z kl5 ef]nf]5],
t'l5dNnfsf] df6f]sf] emofn x]b}{ ;'s'n9f]sf k'Ug' kb{5
. la;f} gfsf gfo uNnLaf6 k|a]z u/]/ ef]nf5] kf]v/L,
t'l5dNnf x'b} hfqf x]g{ hfg ;lsG5 . la;f} gfsf rf]5}sf]
psfnf] pSn] kl5 5'Dxf u0f]zsf] bz{g u/L, lqk'/f;'Gb/L,
lta'S5] Sjf5] x'b} hfqf:yn k'Ug] af6f] e]l6G5 .
PsfO;f} gfsf Aof;L af6 k|a]z u/] kl5 ofnf5], afnfv'
u0f]z, tdf/L x'b} Nof]l;ªv]n k'luG5 . afO;f} gfsf
gu/kflnsf ejg k'Ug] gfsf xf] . oxfFaf6 gkf kf/ u/]/
axtfn, x'b} hfqf x]g{ tdf/L k'u] kl5 pko'Qm af6f] x'b}
Nof]l;ªv]n k'Ug ;lsG5 . t]O;f} gfsf OGb«fo0fLaf6
b/jf/ :Sjfo/ uO{ tdf/L x'b} hfqf :yn hfg ;lsG5 . rf}la;f]
gfsf pBf]u If]qdf 5 eg] klRr;f} gfsf sfnbxdf /x]sf] 5 .
To;} u/L b'wkf6L gfsf, ejf{rf] gfsf, ;'Gb/a:tL gu/ gfsf,
;Nnf3f/L gfsf / af/fxL gfsf qmdz 5la;f}, ;tfO;f},
c7fO;f}, pGglt;f} / lt;f} gfsfx? x'g .
    hfqf x]g{ s/La tLg nfv bz{s pkl:yt x'g] x'bf sd
eL8 x'g] gfsfaf6 k|a]z ug{ x/Lt ;dquot;xsf k|ltlglw /fhf k|
hfkltsf] hfqfn'x?nfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g .
e[s'6Ld08kdf s[lif d]nf
/ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/

    eQmk'/sf s[lif pBdL tyf g]kfn pBf]u dxf;+3sf
s]lGb«o pkfWoIf s[i0f k|;fb tfd|fsf/nfO{ cfkmgf
cfkmGt / Oi6 ldqx?nfO{ lgDtf] lbg EofO gEofO 5 .
lautsf r}t cGTo lt/ gofF aif{sf] cj;/df la:s]6 hfqf s;/L
dgfpg] eg]/ ;fyLefO{ dfkm 5nkmn ug{ Ao:t x'g] tfd|
sf/nfO{ o;kfnL eg] pgL cWoIf /x]sf] g]kfn pBf]u dxf;
+3 cGtu{tsf] s[lif pBd s]Gb«n] cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf]
s[lif d]nfsf] rfhf]kfhf] ldnfpg r6f/f] k/]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf
la1 / pBdLx?nfO{ d]nfdf lgdGq0ff lbg tfd|fsf/ Ao:t
ePsf x'g .
     rf}yf] k6s cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] a[xt s'lif d]nf r}t
@* ut] b]lv a}zfs ! ut] ;Dd e[s'6L d08kdsf] k|bz{gL
xndf x'g] 5 . xfn lgjf{xd'vL dfq eO/x]sf] s[lif k]zfnfO{
Aoa;flos/0f ug]{ pb]Zon] d]nf k|To]s b'O{ aif{sf]
cGt/fndf x'b} cfPsf] 5 .
     Aoa;flos s[lif pTkfbgx? tyf o; If]qdf xfn ;Dd
pkof]udf cfPsf s[lif k|lalw nufot xfn ;Dd ePsf cGo
ultlalwx? ;/f]sf/fjfnfx? aLr cGt/ ;+jfb u/L s[lif
pBf]usf] k|a4{g ug]{ d]nfsf] csf]{ pb]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
     d]nfdf s[lif hGo cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgx?, a}slNks
phf{ ;DalGw pTkfbgx? / km'nx? k|bz{g ul/g]5 . o;
afx]s lrof, skmL, b'Uw kbfy{, df;'sf pTkfbgx?, lhlat
kz' kIfL, dx, kmnkm'n, t/sf/L, df5f, aLp lahg, /]zd
klg bz{sx?n] d]nfdf x]g{ kfpg] 5g . d]nfdf s[lifdf
cfwf/Lt df}lns vfgfx?sf] k|bz{gL laif]z cfsz{0fsf] ?kdf
/flvPsf] 5 . % lbg] d]nfdf s/La %) xhf/
cjnf]sgstf{ pkl:yt x'g] cfof]hssf] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 .
gofFaif{sf] :jfutdf tf}yLnL dxf]T;a
/ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/

    gofFaif{df gofFgofF sfd ;'? ug{nfO{ ;fOt x]l//xg'
kb]{g . o;/L g} ;fOtdf laZjf; /fVg] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf
tf}ynL ufla;sf o'jfx?n] eg] cfkmgf]] ufpFnfO{ wfld{s
ko{6sLo uGtAosf] ?kdf lasf; ug{ tf}ynL dxf]T;a
cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf 5g . dxf]T;a gofFaif{ @)^^ sf]
k'a{;GWofdf r}t @*,@( / #) ut] x'g] ePsf] 5 .
    o; ufla;df /x]sf lqk'/f;'Gb/L dlGb/nfO{ wfld{s
ko{6sLo uGtAoasf] klxrfg lbg tf}ynL ufla;sf]
cu'jfOdf dxf]T;a x'g nfu]sf] xf] . dxf]T;jdf :yfgLo :t/df
nf]kf]Gd'v / nf]keO;s]sf :yfgLo 3/]n' pTkfbgx?sf] k|
b{zgL ul/g] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . tfg
a'gfO, ;]/], vf8L, rvf{, wfuf] sf6]sf], /f8L, av', ?dfn,
:jL6/, cf]vndf lrp/f s'6]sf], wfg s'6]sf] h:tf k/Dk/fut
3/]n' pTkfbg k|lalw bz{sn] k|ToIfbzL{sf] ?kdf
x]g{ kfpg] 5g .
     ;f:s[lts emfFsL cGtu{t :yfgLo rf8ka{df b]vfOg]
b]aLgfr, 7'kr's, dflkmkf, 3f]8f, 6jfsn, nfv], df?gL,
bxL hfqf, v8u hfqfsf] k|bz{g ul/g]5 . o;sf cnfjf
:yfgLo yfdL hfltsf] ;:s[lt,tfdfª, afx'g, bdfO{, s';'n]
nufotsf] e]ife'iff / ;:s[lt emNsg] k|bz{gL klg b]vfOg]
5.
     3gf h+un, nf]enfUbf dxeL/, em/gf / vf]nfx? o;
ufpfsf k|fs[lts 56f x'g . oxfFaf6 h'un lxdfnsf] dgf]/d
b[io klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . dxf]T;a:yn sf7df08'af6 ()
lsdLsf] b'/Ldf cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 . of] 7fpF ;'gsf]zL
xfO8«f] kfj/ 8ofdaf6 !^ lsdL 6f9f /x]sf] 5 .
la:s]6 hfqfdf 9'ªuf d'9f gug{ cfu|x
/ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/

     gofF aif{sf] v';LofnLdf xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy dgfOg]
eQmk'/sf] la:s]6 hfqf laZj d} VoftL kfPsf] ka{ xf] .
hfqfdf x'g] u/]sf] 9'ªufd'9f eg] ;g;gLk'0f{ ;dfrf/ aGg]
u/]sf] 5 . o;} sf/0f k/Dk/f / ;f:s[lts kIf cf]em]ndf kg]
{ u/]sf] 5 . o; aif{sf] hfqf o; lsl;dsf pkb«f]x / c/fhs
ultlalw gug{ P;PnL lbP/ a;]/ laBfyL{x?n] u/]sf] 5g .
     P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIff ;s]/ pb3f]if0f snf l;Sb} u/]sf
eQmk'/ gf;dgfsf u0f]z lsnDa'n] xfn} tdf/L 6f]ndf
aGb} u/]sf] e}/jgfysf] /y dfly r9]/ ToxfF pkl:yt
s/La ;o hgf dflg;x? e]nf u/fP/ hfqfnfO{ lx;f ug]
{ dfWod gagfpg cg'/f]w u/]sf x'g . hfqfx? zflGtk'js{ /
s'g} /fhlglts k'jf{u|x g/fvL dgfOg' kg]{ lsnDa'sf] syg /
x]sf] 5 .
     pgL;+u} P;Pn:fL lbP/ pb3f]if0f tflnddf ;xefuL
vf]6fªsf gf/fo0f /fO{n] klg ;f]xL e]nfsf >f]tfnfO{ lx;f /
czflGtn] gofF g]kfn agfpg gl;sg] atfP . /fO{n]
z;:q4Gbsf] sf/0f cfkm' 3/ 5f]8]/ k9fO{sf] l;nl;nfdf
a8f] b'vsi6sf] ;fy ;x/df a:g' k/]sf] eGb} hfqf
;f}xfb{k'0f{ aftfa/0fdf dgfpg cg'/f]w u/] .
    k|lzIffyL{x?sf] pb3f]if0fsnf lgvfg{ ;fdflhs
hfu/0fsf] nflu ;fa{hlgs :yfgdf hglxtsf] s'/f cleAoQm
ug{ lbg e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] l/;r{ cWoog
;:yfsf ;'o{lagfossf pb3f]z0f k|lzIfs cf/s] ;/n] hfgsf/L
lbP .
wgf{sf/Ln] vf];]sf] kqsf/sf] Sofd]/
                  f lkmtf{ ePg
            k|]; la1lKt

    eQmk'/df a:g] kqsf/ /ljg /frlnsfsf] Sofd]/f
vf]l;Psf] Ps xKtf lalt;Sbf klg Sofd]/f vf]:g] AolQmsf]
klxrfg ug{ g;Sg] k'ln; k|zf;gsf] eT;gf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
Sofd]/f Vjk Ol~hlgo/Lª sn]hsf laBfyL{n] vf];]sf x'g .
    r}t !( ut] a'wjf/ l;gfd+un sf7df08'l:yt k'af{~rn
laZjlaBfnosf] ;Dks{ sfo{nodf Vjk Ol~hgLo/Lª sn]h  
laBfyL{ ;+3z{ ;ldltsf] gfddf laBfyL{x?n] ;fdquot;lxs ?
kdf cfkm'x?nfO{ csf]{ sn]hdf egf{ u/fO lbg dfu ub}
{ a;]sf] wgf{sf] ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{ hfbf wgf{sf/Lx?n]
pgnfO{ kmf]6f] lsg lvr]sf] elg n5f/ k5f/ u/] . To;kl5
ltgLx?n] pl;t ePsf] l8lhl6n Sofd]/f / 8fo/L vf];] .
ToxfF t}gfy uf}zfnfsf k|x/L lg/LIfs z}n]z lu/Ln]
p;nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{, Sofd]/f / 8fo/L lkmtf{ lnO
lbG5', egL k|x/L Eofgdf /fv] . t/ ;fFem ;ft ah] lt/ eg],
lg/LIfs lu/Ln] Sofd]/f wgf{sf/Lx?n] g} nu]sf] hfgsf/L
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New Year66

  • 1. a]jfl/;] ;Nnf3f/Ldf gofFaif{ pT;a /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/ /fhtGqsf] cGTo ;+u} /fli6«os/0f ul/Psf] eQmk'/ ;Nnf3f/Lsf] !)* /f]kgL If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] rf}/ a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5 . ;f] rf}/ g]kfnsf] bf]>f] e[s[6Ld08k aGg ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]v]/ eg] gofF aif{ tyf la:s]6 hfqfsf] cj;/df ToxfF Aofkf/Ls 3/fgfsf] ;F:yf rf}w/L u|'kn] tLg lbg] pT;a cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo af/fxL o'jf ;dfhsf] Aoa:yfkgdf x'g nfu]sf] pT;j la:s]6 hfqfsf bz{sx?nfO{ yk dgf]/~hg lbgsf] nflu cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] pT;a Aoa:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o ;'/]Gb« >]i7n] atfP . pT;adf laleGg %) :6n /flvg]5 . eQmk'/af6 pTkfbg x'g] efbufpFn] 6f]kL, sfi7snfsf ;dfu|L, x:tsnfsf ;fdfgx? k|bz{gsf] nflu /flvg] 5 . To;} u/L b]zL lab]zL kl/sf/ ;lxtsf vfgfsf] :6n klg /flvg] ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf laleGg :yfgdf pTkfbg ul/Psf hl8a'6L hGo a:t' tyf hl8a'6L klg bz{sn] k|bz{g sIfx?df x]g]{ df}sf
  • 2. kfpg] 5g . s/La !) xhf/ bz{sn] cjnf]sg ug]{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] pT;asf] klxnf] lbg :yfgLo snfsf/4f/f ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd b]vfpg] sfo{qmd to ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L gofF aif{sf] klxnf] lbg a}zfs ! ut] eg] ufos /ljg tfdfªsf] nfOe sG;6{ dfkm{t ;Nnf3f/L ysf{P/, cfof]hsx?n] bz{sx?;+u gofF aif{sf] z'esfdgf cfbfk|bfg ug]{ ePsf] 5 . afudtL hf]ufpg u'XoZj/L dxf]T;a /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/ gd'gf agfO lbof} kfunk|]dLsf] h'g af6f]df dfof nfof}  ToxL af6f} g} e'lnlbof}  afudtL gbLsf] lsgf/fdf /x]sf] uf}/L3f6 glhs} a:g] of]uz vltj8f of] uLt ;fa{hlgs ePsf] avt lgs} efa's ag]sf lyP . cfkmgL k'j{ k|]dLsf;+u Tolta]nf la5f]8 x'bfF klxnf] k6s ;'Gbf cfkmg} hLagdf cfwf/Lt uLt ePsf]n] o:f uLtsf ufos tyf uLtsf/ ldªdf z]kf{nfO{ e]6g of]u]zn] 7'nf] clenfiff af]s]sf lyP . cj b'O{ aif{sf] k| ltIffdf kl5 eg] of]u]zn] ldªdfnfO{ gofF aif{sf] cj;/df
  • 3. x'g nfu]sf] u'XoZu/L dxf]T;asf] sG;6{df e]6g] df}sf kfpg] 5g . a}zfs ! / @ ut] afudtL ;Eotf hf]ufpg pb]Zon] u'XoZj/L dxf]T;a x'g nfu]sf] xf] . afudtL gbL ;+u} 3/ ePsf of]u]zn] afudtLsf] b'b{zfsf] sf/0f g} k|]ldsf ;bfsf nflu u'dfpg k'u]sf x'g . b'O{ aif{ cl3 ;Dd pgL cfkmgL k|]ldsfsf] ;fydf ;f] If]qdf /x]sf af6f] lx8b} agsfnL,d[u:ynL h:tf 8]l6ª :k6x?df 3'Dg hfg] ub{y] . dfof ;f6f;f6 ub{y] . Ps k6s p;n] cfkmgL k|]ldsfsf] kl/jf/;+u lajfxsf] k|:tfj uof]{ . ;a} s'/f t /fd|} lyof], t/ s]6L kIfn] eg] lajfxsf] nflu s]6fn] k|b'lzt afudtL lsgf/fsf] 3/ 5f]8]/ cGoq a:g hfg' kg]{ zt{ cufl8 ;f/] . of]u]zsf] kl/jf/nfO{ nflu of] s'/f d~h'/ ePsf] lyPg / s]6Lsf] lajfx cs}{ s]6f;+u eP kl5 s]6Ln] dfof nfPsf] af6f] g} e'lnlbOg . of]u]z h:t} To:f If]qsf cGo o'jfo'jtLsf] klg o;/L g} ;DaGw 6'6]sf] 5 . cj yk o'jfx? sf] ;DaGw lau|g glbg afudtLsf] clanDa ;'wf/ ug'{ kg] { b]lvPsf] 5 .
  • 4. afudtLsf] gofF 9+un] :j?k kl/at{g ug'{ k5{, eGg] pb]Zon] dxf]T;adf afudtLsf] aftfa/0f ;'wf/sf] nflu klg sfo{qmd /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu afudtL gbLsf] ;/;kmfO{ / a[Iff/f]k0f u/]/ xl/ofnL a9fpg] sfo{qmd to ePsf] 5 . afudtL k|b'lift x'g'df cfw'lgs ef]h et]/df k| of]u x'g] af]6n aGbL k]o kbfy{ / Kofs]6 aGbL vfB kbfy{af6 lg:s]sf sfd gnfUg] a:t' gbLdf cAoal:yt ?kdf kmofSg' d'Vo sf/0f xf] . o:t} sf/0faf6 gbLnfO{ yk b'u{Gw x'g glbg eg] cfof]hsx?n] k/Dk/fut g]jf/ ef]h cyf{t nKt] Ejosf] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf 5g . nKt] Ejoaf6 lg:s]sf ;a} a:t' k|fªuf/Ls dn agfpgdf k|of]u ug{ ;ls g] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbP . bz{sx?sf] dgf]/~hgsf] nflu eg] k/Dk/fut nfv] gfrsf] laif]z k|bz{g ul/g]5 . sG;6{df eg] ldªufdf z]kf{, wL/h /fO{ nufotsf VoftL k|fKt ufosx?n] uLt ufP/ bz{s grfpg] 5g . la:s]6 hfqf x]g{ kbofqf /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/
  • 5. gofF aif{sf] lbgdf eQmk'/sf] Nofl;ªv]ndf 78oOPsf] lnªuf] x]g{ b]zsf laleGg efuaf6 hfqfn'x? sf] cf]O/f] nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . eQmk'/ ;x/ leq ;fa{hlgs ;jf/ L rnfOg] ul/Psf] 5}g . ;x/sf] aflx/L l;dfgfaf6 hfqfn'x? kbofqf u/]/ Nofl;ªv]n k'Ug' kg]{ x'G5 . cfkmgf cfkmGt;+usf] e]63f6 kl5 hfqf :yn k'Ug' ptd dflgG5 . x/Lt ;dquot;xsf k|ltlglw /fhf k|hfkltn] hfqf:yn k'Ug s/La eQmk'/ rqmky leq s/La tL; j6f gfsf klxrfg u/]sf 5g . ;a}eGbf Ao:t x'g] gfsf rflx ;'o{lagfos xf] . hxfFaf6 /fddlGb/, nfsf]nf5] / vFnf x'b} hfqf:yn k'Ug ;lsG5 . o; gfsf ;+u} /x]sf] e'nfFrfaf6 k|a]z ug] {x?n] eg] v]tsf] af6f] eP/ xg'dGt] vf]nf t/]/ sf7df08' laZjlaBfnosf] ;+uLt laefu /x]sf] l;ajfno k'u]/ ToxfFaf6 hfqf:yn ;Dd hfg ;lsG5 . t]>f] gfsf sfNxfFrf xf] . hxfFaf6 eLd;]g :yfg x'b} hfqf:yn k'luG5 . rf}yf} gfsf 8fFufrf jf6 k|a]z u/] kl5 eLd;]g :yfg eP/ g} hfqf:yn k'Ug ;lsG5 . kfFrf] gfsf of]1faf6 k|a]z u/]sf] nut} jfl;srf eGg] :yfg k'u] kl5
  • 6. eLd;]g :yfgsf] af6f] x'b} hfqf:yn k'luG5 . 5}7f} gfsf xg'dfg3f6 gfsf xf] . oxfFaf6 hfd] dl:hb, oftf, s'df/L 6f]n / eb«sfnL dlGb/ x'b} hfqf:yn k'luG5 . ;ftf} gfsf dfx]Zj/L gfsf xf] . oxfFaf6 k|a]z u/] kl5 lgdf{0fwLg njh' b/jf/ x'b} dfx]Zj/L3f6, d'lglaxf/, vFrfk'v', em6nf, rf;'v]n, un;Lk'v' eP/ Nof]l;ªv]n k'Ug' kb{5 . cf7f} gfsf lnjfnLdf 5 . oxfFaf6 ;x/ k;] kl5 h]nFf, dsf] uNnL, jfr'6f]nsf] :ofn uNnL, Ogfrf], uf]df/ L x'b} lnªuf] p7fpg] :yfg;Dd k}bn lx8]/ hfg ;lsG5 . gjf} gfsf RofDxfl;xdf t k/Dk/fut z}nLdf agfOPsf] k| a]z4f/ ;d]t agfOPsf] 5 . oxfFaf6 ;'o{k9L, tf}nf5], Ogfrf] / uf]df/L x'b} Nof]l;ªv]n k'luG5 . bzf} gfsf u? 8s'08ndf 5, hxfFaf6 k|a]z u/]/ Tjrf uNnL, sldrf uNnL eP/ tf}nf5] k'Ug' kb{5 . clg oxfFaf6 uf]df/L x'b} Nof]l;ªv]ndf hfqf x]g{ hfg ;lsG5 . P3f/f} gfsf ;lt; k|hfklt uNnL xf] . oxfFaf6 u5} 6f]n, ;fsf]ng eP/ btfqo k'luG5 . btfqoaf6 eg] pko'Qm af6f] /f]h]/ hfqf x]g{ uGtAodf k'Ug ;lsG5 .
  • 7. afx|f} gfsf nfdfufnaf6 k|j]z u/] kl5 gjb'uf{ dlGb/, Sjf708f} 6f]n, oftf5] / rf]rf{ x'b} uf]df/L lg:s] kl5 hfqf x]g{ hfg] af6f] x'b} hfqf:yn k'Ug ;lsG5 . t]x|f} gfsf gfufFrfaf6 k|a]z u/] kl5 a]vfn, gfukf]v/ L, of5}, ;'s'n9f]sf / rf;'v]n k'u]/ hfqf:yn hfg ;lsG5 . rf}wf} gfsf d'n9f]sf k|a]z u/] kl5 a]vfn laxf/ eP/ gfukf]v/Lsf] af6f] k5ofpb} lnªuf] pEofpg] :yfgdf k'luG5 . kGw|f} gfsf d'nfFnfaf6 l5/] kl5 eg] a]nfn laxf/ eP/ g} hfqf:yn k'Ug] xf] . ;f]x|f] gfsf a]vfn kf]v/Laf6 k|a]z ug]{ x? yfnf5] x'b} gfukf]v/Lsf] af6f] k5ofpb} hfqf:yn k'Ug' kb{5 . ;qf} gfsf dxfnIdL af6 l5/] kl5 ef]nf5] / nfnf5] kf/ u/]/ ;'s'n9f]sfsf] af6f] eP/ hfqf :yn k'Ug] xf] . c7f/f} gfsf dxfsfnLaf6 ;x/ k|a]z kl5 ef]nf]5], t'l5dNnfsf] df6f]sf] emofn x]b}{ ;'s'n9f]sf k'Ug' kb{5 . la;f} gfsf gfo uNnLaf6 k|a]z u/]/ ef]nf5] kf]v/L, t'l5dNnf x'b} hfqf x]g{ hfg ;lsG5 . la;f} gfsf rf]5}sf] psfnf] pSn] kl5 5'Dxf u0f]zsf] bz{g u/L, lqk'/f;'Gb/L,
  • 8. lta'S5] Sjf5] x'b} hfqf:yn k'Ug] af6f] e]l6G5 . PsfO;f} gfsf Aof;L af6 k|a]z u/] kl5 ofnf5], afnfv' u0f]z, tdf/L x'b} Nof]l;ªv]n k'luG5 . afO;f} gfsf gu/kflnsf ejg k'Ug] gfsf xf] . oxfFaf6 gkf kf/ u/]/ axtfn, x'b} hfqf x]g{ tdf/L k'u] kl5 pko'Qm af6f] x'b} Nof]l;ªv]n k'Ug ;lsG5 . t]O;f} gfsf OGb«fo0fLaf6 b/jf/ :Sjfo/ uO{ tdf/L x'b} hfqf :yn hfg ;lsG5 . rf}la;f] gfsf pBf]u If]qdf 5 eg] klRr;f} gfsf sfnbxdf /x]sf] 5 . To;} u/L b'wkf6L gfsf, ejf{rf] gfsf, ;'Gb/a:tL gu/ gfsf, ;Nnf3f/L gfsf / af/fxL gfsf qmdz 5la;f}, ;tfO;f}, c7fO;f}, pGglt;f} / lt;f} gfsfx? x'g . hfqf x]g{ s/La tLg nfv bz{s pkl:yt x'g] x'bf sd eL8 x'g] gfsfaf6 k|a]z ug{ x/Lt ;dquot;xsf k|ltlglw /fhf k| hfkltsf] hfqfn'x?nfO{ ;'emfj lbPsf 5g . e[s'6Ld08kdf s[lif d]nf /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/ eQmk'/sf s[lif pBdL tyf g]kfn pBf]u dxf;+3sf s]lGb«o pkfWoIf s[i0f k|;fb tfd|fsf/nfO{ cfkmgf
  • 9. cfkmGt / Oi6 ldqx?nfO{ lgDtf] lbg EofO gEofO 5 . lautsf r}t cGTo lt/ gofF aif{sf] cj;/df la:s]6 hfqf s;/L dgfpg] eg]/ ;fyLefO{ dfkm 5nkmn ug{ Ao:t x'g] tfd| sf/nfO{ o;kfnL eg] pgL cWoIf /x]sf] g]kfn pBf]u dxf; +3 cGtu{tsf] s[lif pBd s]Gb«n] cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] s[lif d]nfsf] rfhf]kfhf] ldnfpg r6f/f] k/]sf] 5 . s[lif If]qsf la1 / pBdLx?nfO{ d]nfdf lgdGq0ff lbg tfd|fsf/ Ao:t ePsf x'g . rf}yf] k6s cfof]hgf ug{ nfluPsf] a[xt s'lif d]nf r}t @* ut] b]lv a}zfs ! ut] ;Dd e[s'6L d08kdsf] k|bz{gL xndf x'g] 5 . xfn lgjf{xd'vL dfq eO/x]sf] s[lif k]zfnfO{ Aoa;flos/0f ug]{ pb]Zon] d]nf k|To]s b'O{ aif{sf] cGt/fndf x'b} cfPsf] 5 . Aoa;flos s[lif pTkfbgx? tyf o; If]qdf xfn ;Dd pkof]udf cfPsf s[lif k|lalw nufot xfn ;Dd ePsf cGo ultlalwx? ;/f]sf/fjfnfx? aLr cGt/ ;+jfb u/L s[lif pBf]usf] k|a4{g ug]{ d]nfsf] csf]{ pb]Zo /x]sf] 5 . d]nfdf s[lif hGo cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgx?, a}slNks
  • 10. phf{ ;DalGw pTkfbgx? / km'nx? k|bz{g ul/g]5 . o; afx]s lrof, skmL, b'Uw kbfy{, df;'sf pTkfbgx?, lhlat kz' kIfL, dx, kmnkm'n, t/sf/L, df5f, aLp lahg, /]zd klg bz{sx?n] d]nfdf x]g{ kfpg] 5g . d]nfdf s[lifdf cfwf/Lt df}lns vfgfx?sf] k|bz{gL laif]z cfsz{0fsf] ?kdf /flvPsf] 5 . % lbg] d]nfdf s/La %) xhf/ cjnf]sgstf{ pkl:yt x'g] cfof]hssf] cg'dfg /x]sf] 5 . gofFaif{sf] :jfutdf tf}yLnL dxf]T;a /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/ gofFaif{df gofFgofF sfd ;'? ug{nfO{ ;fOt x]l//xg' kb]{g . o;/L g} ;fOtdf laZjf; /fVg] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf tf}ynL ufla;sf o'jfx?n] eg] cfkmgf]] ufpFnfO{ wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtAosf] ?kdf lasf; ug{ tf}ynL dxf]T;a cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf 5g . dxf]T;a gofFaif{ @)^^ sf] k'a{;GWofdf r}t @*,@( / #) ut] x'g] ePsf] 5 . o; ufla;df /x]sf lqk'/f;'Gb/L dlGb/nfO{ wfld{s ko{6sLo uGtAoasf] klxrfg lbg tf}ynL ufla;sf] cu'jfOdf dxf]T;a x'g nfu]sf] xf] . dxf]T;jdf :yfgLo :t/df
  • 11. nf]kf]Gd'v / nf]keO;s]sf :yfgLo 3/]n' pTkfbgx?sf] k| b{zgL ul/g] cfof]hsn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . tfg a'gfO, ;]/], vf8L, rvf{, wfuf] sf6]sf], /f8L, av', ?dfn, :jL6/, cf]vndf lrp/f s'6]sf], wfg s'6]sf] h:tf k/Dk/fut 3/]n' pTkfbg k|lalw bz{sn] k|ToIfbzL{sf] ?kdf x]g{ kfpg] 5g . ;f:s[lts emfFsL cGtu{t :yfgLo rf8ka{df b]vfOg] b]aLgfr, 7'kr's, dflkmkf, 3f]8f, 6jfsn, nfv], df?gL, bxL hfqf, v8u hfqfsf] k|bz{g ul/g]5 . o;sf cnfjf :yfgLo yfdL hfltsf] ;:s[lt,tfdfª, afx'g, bdfO{, s';'n] nufotsf] e]ife'iff / ;:s[lt emNsg] k|bz{gL klg b]vfOg] 5. 3gf h+un, nf]enfUbf dxeL/, em/gf / vf]nfx? o; ufpfsf k|fs[lts 56f x'g . oxfFaf6 h'un lxdfnsf] dgf]/d b[io klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . dxf]T;a:yn sf7df08'af6 () lsdLsf] b'/Ldf cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 . of] 7fpF ;'gsf]zL xfO8«f] kfj/ 8ofdaf6 !^ lsdL 6f9f /x]sf] 5 . la:s]6 hfqfdf 9'ªuf d'9f gug{ cfu|x
  • 12. /ljg /frlnsf x/Lt ;dquot;x eQmk'/ gofF aif{sf] v';LofnLdf xiff]{Nnf;sf ;fy dgfOg] eQmk'/sf] la:s]6 hfqf laZj d} VoftL kfPsf] ka{ xf] . hfqfdf x'g] u/]sf] 9'ªufd'9f eg] ;g;gLk'0f{ ;dfrf/ aGg] u/]sf] 5 . o;} sf/0f k/Dk/f / ;f:s[lts kIf cf]em]ndf kg] { u/]sf] 5 . o; aif{sf] hfqf o; lsl;dsf pkb«f]x / c/fhs ultlalw gug{ P;PnL lbP/ a;]/ laBfyL{x?n] u/]sf] 5g . P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIff ;s]/ pb3f]if0f snf l;Sb} u/]sf eQmk'/ gf;dgfsf u0f]z lsnDa'n] xfn} tdf/L 6f]ndf aGb} u/]sf] e}/jgfysf] /y dfly r9]/ ToxfF pkl:yt s/La ;o hgf dflg;x? e]nf u/fP/ hfqfnfO{ lx;f ug] { dfWod gagfpg cg'/f]w u/]sf x'g . hfqfx? zflGtk'js{ / s'g} /fhlglts k'jf{u|x g/fvL dgfOg' kg]{ lsnDa'sf] syg / x]sf] 5 . pgL;+u} P;Pn:fL lbP/ pb3f]if0f tflnddf ;xefuL vf]6fªsf gf/fo0f /fO{n] klg ;f]xL e]nfsf >f]tfnfO{ lx;f / czflGtn] gofF g]kfn agfpg gl;sg] atfP . /fO{n] z;:q4Gbsf] sf/0f cfkm' 3/ 5f]8]/ k9fO{sf] l;nl;nfdf
  • 13. a8f] b'vsi6sf] ;fy ;x/df a:g' k/]sf] eGb} hfqf ;f}xfb{k'0f{ aftfa/0fdf dgfpg cg'/f]w u/] . k|lzIffyL{x?sf] pb3f]if0fsnf lgvfg{ ;fdflhs hfu/0fsf] nflu ;fa{hlgs :yfgdf hglxtsf] s'/f cleAoQm ug{ lbg e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] l/;r{ cWoog ;:yfsf ;'o{lagfossf pb3f]z0f k|lzIfs cf/s] ;/n] hfgsf/L lbP . wgf{sf/Ln] vf];]sf] kqsf/sf] Sofd]/ f lkmtf{ ePg k|]; la1lKt eQmk'/df a:g] kqsf/ /ljg /frlnsfsf] Sofd]/f vf]l;Psf] Ps xKtf lalt;Sbf klg Sofd]/f vf]:g] AolQmsf] klxrfg ug{ g;Sg] k'ln; k|zf;gsf] eT;gf{ ul/Psf] 5 . Sofd]/f Vjk Ol~hlgo/Lª sn]hsf laBfyL{n] vf];]sf x'g . r}t !( ut] a'wjf/ l;gfd+un sf7df08'l:yt k'af{~rn laZjlaBfnosf] ;Dks{ sfo{nodf Vjk Ol~hgLo/Lª sn]h   laBfyL{ ;+3z{ ;ldltsf] gfddf laBfyL{x?n] ;fdquot;lxs ? kdf cfkm'x?nfO{ csf]{ sn]hdf egf{ u/fO lbg dfu ub}
  • 14. { a;]sf] wgf{sf] ;dfrf/ ;+sng ug{ hfbf wgf{sf/Lx?n] pgnfO{ kmf]6f] lsg lvr]sf] elg n5f/ k5f/ u/] . To;kl5 ltgLx?n] pl;t ePsf] l8lhl6n Sofd]/f / 8fo/L vf];] . ToxfF t}gfy uf}zfnfsf k|x/L lg/LIfs z}n]z lu/Ln] p;nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{, Sofd]/f / 8fo/L lkmtf{ lnO lbG5', egL k|x/L Eofgdf /fv] . t/ ;fFem ;ft ah] lt/ eg], lg/LIfs lu/Ln] Sofd]/f wgf{sf/Lx?n] g} nu]sf] hfgsf/L lbb}, ef]ln uf}zfnf k|x/L sfo{nodf ;Dks{ ug{ elgof] . clg p;nfO{ 3/ lkmtf{ k7fOPof] . ef]lnkN6 r}t @) ut] wgf{:yndf k'Ubf eg] wgf{sf/ Lx?n] kmf]6f] lvRg'sf] lnlvt :ki6Ls/0f lbPdf dfq Sofd]/f lkmtf{ lbg] atfP . t/ p;n] wgf{sf] kmf]6f] hlt l8ln6 u/]/ Sofd]/f / 8fo/L lkmtf{ dfUbf ltgLx? dfg]gg . To;}n] p;n] Sofd]/f lkmtf{ lbg wgf{sf/Lx? nfO{ ;fa{hlgs cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . Gofo k|]dL hgtf / k|]; :jtGqtfsf kIfw/ ;a}df p;n] ;fdfg lkmtf{ lngsf nflu ;xof]usf] nflu ofrgf u/]sf] 5 . vf]l;Psf] Sofd]/f s;sf] xftdf 5, Tof] klg olsg x'g ;s]sf]] 5}g . Sofd]/f
  • 15. lgzt{ lkmtf{ kfpgsf] nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . Sofd]/f vf]:g] AolQmsf] klxrfg ug{ wgf{sf/Lx?; +u ;DalGwt Vjk OlGhLgLo/Lª sn]h, g]kfn Ol~hLlgo/Lª sfplG;n, k'af{~rn laZjlaBfno / g]kfn Ol~hLlgo/Lª laBfyL{ ;dfhnfO ;xof]usf] nflu cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L :atGq k|];sf] nflu lqmoflzn ;/sf/L lgsfo g]kfn k|]; sfplG;nnfO{ klg of] laifodf Wofgfsz{g u/fPsf] 5 . kqsf/x?;+u ;DalGwt ;F:yfx?, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3, l/kf]{6/ Sna, ;~rf/ ;dquot;x g]kfn, hg;~rf/ cleofg, ld/ld/] ldl8of Sna, g]kfn k|]; o'lgog, k|]; rf}tf/L, g]kfn kqsf/ ;dfh, qmflGtsf/L kqsf/ ; +3nfO{ klg of] laifodf cjut u/fPOPsf] 5 . p;n] of] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L www.geocities.com/greenteamorg df k|]; la1lKt hf/L u/]/ u/]sf x'g . k|]; :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ p;n] la1lKtdf l8lh6n Sofd]/f / 8fo/L lkmtf{ lbg dfu u/]sf] 5 . lkmtf{ ug{ ;Dej geP jf Sofd]/f laufl/Psf] eP plrt Ifltk'lt{ k|bfg ug{sf] nflu Vjk Ol~hgLo/Lª sn]h  
  • 16. laBfyL{ ;+3{z ;ldltsf laBfyL{ tyf cleefjs ;d]tnfO{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . x/Lt ;dquot;x kl/jf/ eQmk'/ ldlt= @)^%÷!@÷@% kmf]g g= ^^!$#)& d+unjf/