2. Properties of acids
• Taste sour (don’t try this at home).
• Conduct electricity.
–Can be strong or weak electrolytes in
aqueous solution
• React with metals to form H2 gas.
• Change the color of indicators (blue
litmus to red).
• React with bases (hydroxides) to form
water and a salt.
4. Acids React with Active Metals
Acids react with active metals to
form salts and hydrogen gas:
HCl(aq) + Mg(s) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
5. Acids React with Carbonates
2HC2H3O2 + Na2CO3
2NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2
6. Effects of Acid Rain on Marble
(calcium carbonate)
George Washington:
BEFORE
George Washington:
AFTER
7. Acids Neutralize Bases
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
-Neutralization reactions
ALWAYS produce a salt and
water.
-Of course, it takes the right
proportion of acid and base
to produce a neutral salt
8. Acids- Naming & Formulas
• Identify the anion making up the acid
- if its “-ide” then put a hypo in front
and “ic” at the end. Ex. HCl
hydrochloric acid
- if its an “-ite”, put a “ous” at the
end. Ex. HNO2 nitrous acid
- if its an “-ate” , put an “ic” at the
end. Ex. H2SO4 sufluric acid
9. • To write a formula, make sure the
cation ( which is H+
), and the anion
add up to 0
-Ex. Hydroflouric acid- has “hydro”
and “ic” so its anion is flouride, fouride
is -
1, so formula is HF
- Ex. Phosphoric acid, has only
an”ic”, so its anion is phosphate,PO4
3-
so the formula would be H3PO4
Acids- Naming & Formulas
10. Sulfuric Acid – H2SO4
Highest volume
production of any
chemical in the U.S.
Used in the production of
paper
Used in production of
fertilizers
Used in petroleum
refining
11. Nitric Acid – HNO3
• Used in the production
of fertilizers
• Used in the production
of explosives
• Nitric acid is a volatile
acid – its reactive
components evaporate
easily
• Stains proteins
(including skin!)
12. Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
• Used in the “pickling” of
steel
• Used to purify magnesium
from sea water
• Part of gastric juice, it aids
in the digestion of proteins
• Sold commercially as
“Muriatic acid”
13. Phosphoric Acid – H3PO4
o A flavoring agent
in sodas
o Used in the
manufacture of
detergents
o Used in the
manufacture of
fertilizers
o Not a common
laboratory reagent
14. Acetic Acid – HC2H3O2
Used in the manufacture
of plastics
Used in making
pharmaceuticals
Acetic acid is the acid
present in household
vinegar
15. Properties of bases
• React with acids to form water
and a salt.
• Taste bitter.
• Feel slippery (don’t try this either).
• Can be strong or weak
electrolytes in aqueous solution
• Change the color of indicators
(red litmus turns blue).
16. Examples of Bases
Sodium hydroxide (lye),
NaOH
Potassium hydroxide, KOH
Magnesium hydroxide,
Mg(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide (lime),
Ca(OH)2
What do you notice about all these bases?
17. Bases Affect Indicators
Red litmus paper
turns blue in contact
with a base.
Phenolphthalein
turns purple in a
base.
