2. Religion
Religion is one of the most important part of the ancient history,
although it isn’t easy to find what the religion of different ancient
civilizations were like, thousands of years ago, when there are a
little remains left. Some remains that are left are books (which can’t
be read easily), mummies, religious buildings like temples, and
statues or artworks on temples which show what ancient people
worshipped.!
Part of the religion is gods, belief of the people, death and religious
buildings. In each of the ancient civilizations people had different
kinds of religions and beliefs. In this Power point I am going to
talk about the religions in ancient civilizations, Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Rome, China and a modern country, Canada.
3. Mesopotamia
!
Ancient Mesopotamians had its own unique
religion like all the other ancient civilizations
because they all had gods and a goddesses, some
had demons and monsters, religious buildings
and beliefs, But the gods and goddesses and
beliefs were all different from each other in each
ancient civilization.
Ancient Mesopotamia had amazing religious
structures, gods, goddesses, monster, demons,
and interesting beliefs in afterlife.
4. Gods, Goddesses, Demons, And Monsters
!
Gods and Goddesses were creatures which looked like humans
but stronger, more beautiful and powerful. The main gods and
goddesses of Ancient Mesopotamia were Ea (god of the water,
wisdom, farming, building magic, arts, and crafts), Adad (the
god of storms. He had an lightening stick which showed his
power over the nature), Gula (the goddess of the healing and
doctors), and lama (the goddess that protected people from
dangers in their daily life).
Demons were creatures that had human body and animal s
head. Some of demons were good but some were evil. A
dragon-demon called Mushhushshu was used by the gods for
transportation. An evil demon which had lion s head, devoured
newborn children and frightened adults in their dreams.
Monsters were large, frightening creatures that haunted ancient
mesopotamian s myths.
!
!
5. Who Did Ancient Mesopotamians Worship?
!
Gods, Goddesses, demons and monsters were very important in
Ancient mesopotamia. They were the one that were worshipped
and honoured in every house because the people of Mesopotamia
believed that their world was controlled by them.
There were hundreds of different, powerful gods in Ancient
Mesopotamia, like all the other ancient civilizations, who were
responsible for different thing in the world like nature, plants,
humans and animals, art, and etc.. According to the
Mesopotamians believed each city had its own special god or
goddess and its family. Because people of Mesopotamia believed
that their daily lives were depended on the gods they tried to keep
them as happy and satisfied as possible by making them large,
beautiful temples as their homes, at the centre of the cities. People
didn t go to the gods or goddesses temples to offer them good and
valuable things, there were smaller temples for people s
offerings.
6. Religious Structures
As mentioned, in Mesopotamia,
each god or goddess had its own temple so
there are hundreds of religious buildings in
Mesopotamia. Some of the remains of these buildings
show scientists what they worshipped, what were their beliefs,
and etc.. There were many things including gods, goddesses,
demons and monsters, drawn or carved on the temple s walls. No
body was allowed inside the temples, but the priests. People believed
that gods and goddesses were living inside the temples. One of these
temples which was built by Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians (all
part of Mesopotamia) for the gods and goddesses, called Ziggurats
has remained. This religious building is shaped like a pyramid is
made of millions of sun-dried mud brick. this building was
located exactly at the centre of the city and helped
scientists to learn about Mesopotamian type of
religion and architecture.
7. Afterlife
Ancient Mesopotamians believed that there is afterlife for dead people.
they believed that the underworld, where all the dead people are, is
connected to the upper world.
Mesopotamians buried their dead under the ground (People who didn t
have enough money to bury their dead in good places, buried their dead
under the ground in their backyards). They believed that if the dead body
be buried under the ground in tomb, the dead person would be closer to
the afterlife or the underworld where all the dead people will live again.
8. Ancient Egypt
8
!
Religion is one of the most important part of the Ancient Egypt. Like all the
other ancient civilizations, Egyptians had gods, religious buildings, their own
style of burying dead people, and beliefs. Ancient Egypt s history is very
important because of their Great Pyramids, mummification, gods, and kings.
!
9. History of Gods
!
Ancient Egyptians had 2000 gods and goddesses. Egyptians
believed that in the beginning, the universe was filled with dark
water. The first god called Re-Atum came out from the water. When
he spat, the god of the air, Shu, and goddess of moisture, Tefnut,
were created. The world and new gods were created when Shu and
Tefnut gave birth to goddess of the sky, Nut, and god of the earth,
Geb. One day Tefnut and Shu got lost so Re-Atum sent his eyes to
find them. After he found them, the first people were created by his
tears of joy. Nut had five children, Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys, and
Horus-the-Elder. One of them, Osiris was the king of Egypt. (Some
of the god were kings in Ancient Egypt). The gods and goddesses of
Greek and Egypt were ancestors, that was why most of Egyptian
gods came to Egypt to be safe from Typhon. That was when the
number of gods increased and they became one of the most
important part of the history.
Worshipping gods and goddesses were very important to Egyptians.
The gods of states and officials like Amun, Horus, and Bastet were
worshipped by Pharaoh and priest in large temples. Some other
were worshipped by ordinary people at their home (gods and
goddesses like Bes and Tawaret who protected people from dangers
in daily life.
10. Death
Mummification
Ancient Egyptians believed that there is a after-life. They believed that when a person dies they
would have a new life.That was why Egyptians mummified the dead people. Egyptians believed
that people were going to need their origins (like heart, not brain, which was the centre of
thoughts) so they located their origins in a salty substance called natron. Each origin was stored
in a special jar called canonic jar (Ancient Egyptians removed the moist part of the body so that
the body lasts longer). The important people of the country like the kings, his family, and etc.
were mummified and buried in special buildings like temples or pyramids in tombs with a lot of
valuable things like golden dishes, jewellery, and etc.. Normal people were buried in deserts.
Ancient Egyptians mummified animals too because animals were very important to gods.
11. Religious Buildings
Pyramids
Some buildings like Pyramids were built for the
mummies. The main reason that The Great Pyramids
were built was to be a place where pharaoh, his family,
and some other important people of Ancient Egypt
would have been placed. Near the Great Pyramids, there
were smaller pyramids. That was were some rich and
famous people s mummified body would have been
placed.
Temples
In Ancient Egypt s temples were built for gods,
goddesses, and Pharaoh. Gods and goddesses were
worshiped in special, large temples. Temples were also
used for Pharaoh s ceremonies since he was one of the
most important and powerful king of the Ancient Egypt.
Art Works on Religious Buildings
There are artwork on mostly all the important religious
buildings in Egypt. these artworks helped scientists to
find out about Egypt s history.
12. Ancient Rome
Romans had some amazing religion
just like other ancient civilizations. They
had their own gods and religious buildings/
temples. Romans religion changed over time
including the people they worshiped. At the
beginning of the Roman civilization, some people
worshipped Jupiter, the lord of the sky and the
special protector of Roman state, some other
worshipped gods like Mars, Venus, love, war, and
goddesses like Minerva (goddess of wisdom) and
Juno who protected women but at the end of
the civilization, people started worshipping
Isis, Egyptian goddess of new life.
13. Religious Buildings
!
There are many charming, large buildings and temples in Rome
including Temple of Venus, Pantheon, Hercules Victor, bacchus,
and etc.. Romans built temples for each of the gods and goddesses
as their homes since they were one of the most important part of
their religion. One of the most magnificent religious building in
Rome is the Pantheon. Pantheon is a temple which was constructed
for to honour of all the gods. This religious building is one of the
few buildings left undamaged trough out hundred of years (it was
built between 118-125 C.E.). Pantheon was converted to a christian
church in 609 C.E. Although the new owner of the Pantheon
removed the Roman statues, the rest of the building including the
tall stone columns, mosaic floor, and domed roof survived. the
building looks like as it was in the Roman time (hundreds of years
ago).
The religious buildings like Pantheon help archeologists a lot
because of the things carved and used in the temples or the statues
they made.
14. Gods And Goddesses
!
Romans had gods and goddesses like the Ancient Egyptians and
mesopotamians. Romans beliefs started changing over time.
Romans pictured their gods as looking like humans but bigger, more
beautiful and much stronger. they believed gods would people who pleased
and respected them and punish the one who offended them. Because of
this people tried to keep the gods happy and satisfied by taking fruits,
flowers and etc. to them.
From around the first century, Romans started worshipping gods and
goddess from other ancient civilizations like Egypt (Isis, goddesses of new
life), Turkey (Cybele, a mother-goddess from Turkey), and Persia (Iran)
(Mithras the god of light). Romans started giving new names, physical
appearances, and personalities to the gods (similar to the Greek Mythology
gods and goddesses but not as scary and terrifying).
Romans were persecuted until the 313 but some changed to christians in
the first century. Romans had made new statues and religious buildings for
their new gods and goddesses.
Ancient Romans worshipped different and their private gods (Lares who
guarded the household and family and penates who protected the store-
cupboard that was the family s wealth and well being, at home. Roman
men also worshipped their family s genius which was their the ancestral
spirit that lived in them that would pass on to their children when they die.
15. Religious Ceremonies
Romans had religious ceremonies through out the
year to remind people that gods were watching them.
The public religious ceremonies were lead and held
by the priests and priestesses who were the most
important families in Rome. Many powerful and
reach people attended the ceremony including
emperors and politicians.
people learned about gods and their amazing powers
and why they should believe in them in these
ceremonies. The ceremonies were one of the most
important part of the country.
16. Gods And Goddesses
In this slide, all the gods and goddesses (with their powers) of ancient mesopotamia,
Egypt, and Rome is represented.
Ancient Civilizations Egypt Mesopotamia Rome
Air Shu Enlil Jupiter Aka Jove
Animals Bast, Heket, Manhit Ishkur Fauna
Fire Sehkment Gibil Vulcan
Light Athor Nusku Apollo
Love Hathor Ishtar Cupid
Marriage Isis Inana Juno
Earth Geb Ki Terra Master
Music Hathor Inana Apollo
Night Anubis Alu Nox
Sleep Tutu Enten Hypnos
Stars Nut Shamash Apollo
Magic Isis Ningirama Trivia
Underworld Anubis Shurmanu Pluto
War Horus Nergal Mars
Water! Sobek Amathuanta Neptune
Protection Bes, Tavaret Amulet Facinus
Wisdom Thoth Nabu Minerva
17. Modern Canada
Modern Canada has an amazing religion
and culture. Canada s religion is very
different from the Ancient Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Rome, and China because
Canada is a modern civilizations but they
are ancient civilizations. As we know by
the time many things changed including
religions and beliefs of people.
18. Religion
At first, the only people who lived in Canada were
first nations. But when people from Europe came to Canada
and started living there, new religions and cultures were formed.
When Canada became a democratic country, people from all
over the world came to Canada and formed a multi- religion
country.
There are many different people with different types of religion
and culture living in Modern Canada since Canada is a
democratic and everyone can choose what to believe in and
what to worship freely. There are about 32,852,300 people living
in Canada. out of this great population, there are about 67%
Christian, 23.9% no religious affiliation and 8.1% other (3.2%
Muslim, 1.5% Hindu, 1.4% sikh, 1.1%, Buddhist, and 1.0%
Jewish). Although there are many different type of people with
different religions living in Canada, the main or common
religion is Christianity because most of the population are
Christens in Canada. Canada is a Secular Nation.
19. Christians
!
As mentioned one of the most common religion in Canada
is Christianity. there are Christians all over the world in
many countries, therefore, they are divided into smaller
groups. Some major ones are Catholic, Orthodox, Uniting
Church, Protestant, and Baptist. All of these groups
believed in Jesus as their leader. Jesus was a honest, wise
special person who made people believe in god and
prevented people from believing and worshipping wrong
things and encouraged them to believe in god. He was sent
from the god to teach people about god and what they
should believe in.
Jesus had a book called Bible. In the book Bible,
everything is written about Christians and about life of
Jesus (Gospel).
20. Religious Buildings
There are masques, churches, and etc.. in
Canada but the number of churches is the most
(again because of the percentage of the Christians
living in Canada). Canadians go to churches to worship
god, learn more about Bible and Jesus, make friends,
pray and etc.. They usually go to churches on Sunday
mornings because they believe that s when Jesus was
resurrected and it was a new beginning for the world.
There are hundreds of churches in Canada. The
churches are different. Some are for Catholics,
Orthodoxes, Uniting Churches, Protestants, and
Baptists.
21. Religious Ceremonies
!
There are different types of religious ceremonies
in Canada. Through out the year, people living in
Canada celebrate different things. For example:
1.Christmas because it s the birthday of Jesus (the
new year). Other new years like Iranian, Chinese,
and etc. is also celebrated in Canada.
2. Good Friday is the day that Christians show
their respect to jesus Christ s crucifixion.
3. Easter is the day when Jesus came back to life,
that is why it is celebrated not just by Christians
but by people all around the world with different
cultures and religions.
4. Muharram is the first day of new year for
Muslims that is celebrated in Canada, Iran, etc..
people eat bread and drink wine in memory of the
last meal that Christ had with his disciples.
22. Ancient China
Introduction
Ancient China has a religion like
all the other Ancient civilization
or modern countries. Ancient
Chinese had their own beliefs,
type of religion, religious
buildings, and worshipped
different creatures than the other
civilizations. This made their
religion unique.
23. Spirits
!
Ancient Chinese religion had different parts. One of the most
important part of Chinese Religion was the spirit and demon
which effected everyday life. These were the sprits of nature
and different parts of life including wealth, children, health,
and happiness. If people wanted to have safe and good life,
they had to keep the spirits happy by worshipping them
everyday.
Some of the powerful kings were part of the spirits in Ancient
china. The guardian king of the North, who controlled the
north compass, was also one of the many spirits and demons
that could change the everyday daily life of people.
!
Ancient Chinese also worshipped their parents , grandparents ,
great grandparents , and other ancestors too. In special days in
spring and autumn, Chinese people went to religious temples
with their families to worship their ancestors.
24. Religious Buildings
There are many temples, palaces, castles, and amazing and large
buildings made in Ancient China. Some of these buildings including
religious temples were made for people to come to worship their
parents , grandparents , great grandparents , and other ancestors.
About 300 of them were for the taoists. Most of these buildings have
carved things on them which shows the scientist what Chinese
people worshipped and did in Ancient China.
!
Unlike the temples and religious buildings in Mesopotamia or Egypt
where people weren t allowed to come into the temples even for
offerings to gods, goddesses, demons and monsters, Chinese people
were all allowed to go into the temples and worship the spirits.
25. 3 Main Religions In Ancient China
!
Three major religions or philosophies of Ancient China was Taoism,
Confucianism, and Buddhism. People of Ancient China were divided
into these three groups. When these types of Chinese religion were first
created, people started believing in them and then their children
followed what their ancestors believed in and worshipped.
Buddhism was first created and became a major religion in Ancient
China 2000 years ago. It was widely excepted by many Chinese people.
After becoming important and many people believed it, it was divided
into smaller groups called Han, Tibetan and Southern Buddhism.
Buddhism brought a new religion and a new culture to not just China
but countries like Japan, India, and etc. (a person called Jianzhen
traveled to other countries to spread this religion).
Confucian was not a real religion. It was just a philosophical system
that was developed by the Confucius at first. It was later treated as a
kind of belief (religion) to educate common people. It became a major
religion because of the emperor Wu of Han Dynasty who believed in
this type of religion. Since then it became stable in Ancient China.
Taoism is was the third major type of religion in Ancient China. It has
existed for more than 1800 years in China. When this religion was
created and became major in Ancient China, it made some differences
in Chinese religion specially their traditions. About 300 taoist temples
were made in Ancient China. Taoists lived all around China. Many of
them lived in Hong kong. Today many people still believe in this type
of religion.
26. Bibliography
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interesting because it had ancient Mesopotamian written on it.
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easy to understand. Some great pictures were included which made the
written more clear. The website helped me answer my question.
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understand. Some great pictures were included which made the written more clear. The website helped me answer my question.
Corso, Rob. Religious Structures. Wiki. Rob Corso, n.d. Web. 2014. <http://hentz-humanities-wiki.wikispaces.com/RJR>. This website had good pictures of religious structures in Ancient mesopotamia.
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pictures.
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27. Bibliography!
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question.
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easy to understand because it was at a grade 7 student reading level. It had some great pictures and interesting facts. This book was very helpful.
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29. Bibliography
!
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find each god's and goddesses's powers.
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<http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_gods_and_goddesses>. This website was
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www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sitchin/mesopotamian_gods.htm>. This website was helpful and I
learned about Mesopotamian gods and goddesses and their powers.