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Living Environment Core Content and Material Unit 1 Web of Life: Interactions and Interdependence Ecology :  The branch of biology that deals with the interactions between organisms and the relationship between organisms and the environment.
Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms and the environment Ecology can be studied at different levels: Define the terms   Organisms: Populations:  Communities: Ecosystems:  Biosphere:
Factors Affect the Distribution of Organisms The Biosphere
Abiotic Factors  are the non-living, physical conditions that define the characteristics of the region. Climate Temperature Water Light Wind Soil Salinity pH
The amount of rain fall and temperature range determines the types of plant communities Abiotic Factors can be Limiting Factors:  Determines the types of organisms which may exist in that environment.
Biotic Factors  involve interactions among living things. Nutritional Interactions Predator/Prey Parasite/Host Producer/Consumer Decomposition Competition Food Webs
Nutritional Interactions Involves the  transfer  of nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem. In terms of nutrition, organisms are either  autotrophs  or  heterotrophs .
Food Chain  involves the linear transfer of energy and material through a series of organisms. Food Web  shows the interrelationship between food chains. Pathway of Energy Flow
Types of Heterotrophs
Saprophytes -  fungi , and  bacteria  which feed on  dead  organisms.  (also called decomposers)
Herbivores -  animals that feed on  plants
Carnivores -  animals that  consume  other  animals .  a)  predator  –  kills  and consume their prey. b)  scavenger -  feed on the remains of animals  they did not kill.
Omnivores -  animals that consume both  plants & animals   (humans)
Name some common  organisms to match the nutritional terms Producer Herbivore Carnivore Heterotroph Autotroph Decomposer What do the arrows show?
Population Growth:  Members of a species This table shows how many bacteria are in a population that doubles every 20 minutes. The graph is another way to show the same data.
Carrying Capacity:  is the maximum  population size that a particular environment can support without degradation to the habitat. Population Growth:  limiting factors determine the size of a population. What factors contribute to determining the carrying capacity of an area? Food, territory, water, predators, limiting resources…
Human Population Growth The size of the human population is the cause of many of issues detrimental to our ecosystems. What factors have contributed to this exponential growth?
Ecological Niche :  sum of all activities and relationships a species has while obtaining and using the resources needed to survive and reproduce  Ecological Habitat :  the location or environment of a species
No two similar species occupy the same niche at the same time. What happens if two species occupy the same niche? Competition
Ecological Succession   is the sequence of changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community Why does this change occur?
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen gas is converted by bacteria to forms that plants and animals can use to build amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.  Nitrogen Cycle
Cycling of Chemical Elements:  pathway by which an element or molecule moves through both biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem.  Water Cycle

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Ecology

  • 1. Living Environment Core Content and Material Unit 1 Web of Life: Interactions and Interdependence Ecology : The branch of biology that deals with the interactions between organisms and the relationship between organisms and the environment.
  • 2. Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms and the environment Ecology can be studied at different levels: Define the terms Organisms: Populations: Communities: Ecosystems: Biosphere:
  • 3. Factors Affect the Distribution of Organisms The Biosphere
  • 4. Abiotic Factors are the non-living, physical conditions that define the characteristics of the region. Climate Temperature Water Light Wind Soil Salinity pH
  • 5. The amount of rain fall and temperature range determines the types of plant communities Abiotic Factors can be Limiting Factors: Determines the types of organisms which may exist in that environment.
  • 6. Biotic Factors involve interactions among living things. Nutritional Interactions Predator/Prey Parasite/Host Producer/Consumer Decomposition Competition Food Webs
  • 7. Nutritional Interactions Involves the transfer of nutrients from one organism to another within an ecosystem. In terms of nutrition, organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs .
  • 8. Food Chain involves the linear transfer of energy and material through a series of organisms. Food Web shows the interrelationship between food chains. Pathway of Energy Flow
  • 10. Saprophytes - fungi , and bacteria which feed on dead organisms. (also called decomposers)
  • 11. Herbivores - animals that feed on plants
  • 12. Carnivores - animals that consume other animals . a) predator – kills and consume their prey. b) scavenger - feed on the remains of animals they did not kill.
  • 13. Omnivores - animals that consume both plants & animals (humans)
  • 14. Name some common organisms to match the nutritional terms Producer Herbivore Carnivore Heterotroph Autotroph Decomposer What do the arrows show?
  • 15. Population Growth: Members of a species This table shows how many bacteria are in a population that doubles every 20 minutes. The graph is another way to show the same data.
  • 16. Carrying Capacity: is the maximum population size that a particular environment can support without degradation to the habitat. Population Growth: limiting factors determine the size of a population. What factors contribute to determining the carrying capacity of an area? Food, territory, water, predators, limiting resources…
  • 17. Human Population Growth The size of the human population is the cause of many of issues detrimental to our ecosystems. What factors have contributed to this exponential growth?
  • 18. Ecological Niche : sum of all activities and relationships a species has while obtaining and using the resources needed to survive and reproduce Ecological Habitat : the location or environment of a species
  • 19. No two similar species occupy the same niche at the same time. What happens if two species occupy the same niche? Competition
  • 20. Ecological Succession is the sequence of changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community Why does this change occur?
  • 22. Nitrogen gas is converted by bacteria to forms that plants and animals can use to build amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Nitrogen Cycle
  • 23. Cycling of Chemical Elements: pathway by which an element or molecule moves through both biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. Water Cycle