1. Module 16

2. Post WW II PeoplePost WW II People

3. People of Scientific Impact

4. Charles Drew – plasma

5. Charles Richard Drew (3 June 1904 – 1 April 1950) was an
African American physician and medical researcher. He
researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing
improved techniques for blood storage, and applied his
expert knowledge in developing large-scale blood banks
early in World War II, saving thousands of lives of the Allied
forces. he wrote a dissertation on "Banked Blood" in which
he described a technique he developed for the long-term
preservation of blood plasma. Prior to his discovery, blood
could not be stored for more than two days because of the
rapid breakdown of red blood cells. Drew had discovered
that by separating the plasma (the liquid part of blood) from
the whole blood (in which the red blood cells exist) and then
refrigerating them separately, they could be combined up to
a week later for a blood transfusion. He also discovered that
while everyone has a certain type of blood (A, B, AB, or O)
and thus are prevented from receiving a full blood
transfusion from someone with different blood, everyone
has the same type of plasma. Thus, in certain cases where a
whole blood transfusion is not necessary, it was sufficient to
give a plasma transfusion which could be administered to
anyone, regardless of their blood type.

6. J. Robert Oppenheimer (Manhattan Project team) – physics

7. J. Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 –
February 18, 1967) was an American
theoretical physicist and professor of
physics at the University of California,
Berkeley. He is best known for his role as
the scientific director of the Manhattan
Project, the World War II effort to
develop the first nuclear weapons at the
secret Los Alamos National Laboratory in
New Mexico. For this reason he is
remembered as "The Father of the Atomic
Bomb".

8. People of Cultural Impact

9. Frank Lloyd Wright – architecture

10. Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an
American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than
1,000 projects, which resulted in more than 500 completed works.
“Falling Waters”
house designed by
Wright

11. Martha Graham – dance

12. Martha Graham
(May 11, 1894 – April 1, 1991) was an
American dancer and choreographer
regarded as one of the foremost pioneers
of modern dance, whose influence on
dance can be compared to the influence
Stravinsky had on music, Picasso had on
the visual arts, or Frank Lloyd Wright had
on architecture. Graham was a
galvanizing performer, a choreographer of
astounding productivity and originality.
She invented a new language of
movement, and used it to reveal the
passion, the rage and the ecstasy
common to human experience. She
danced and choreographed for over
seventy years, and during that time was
the first dancer ever to perform at The
White House

13. People of Academic Impact

14. Henry Louis Gates – historian

15. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (born September 16, 1950) is an American
literary critic, educator, scholar, writer, editor and public intellectual. He
was the first African American to receive the Andrew W. Mellon
Foundation Fellowship. He has received numerous honorary degrees and
awards for his teaching, research, and development of academic
institutions to study black culture. In 2002, Gates was selected to give
the Jefferson Lecture, in recognition of his "distinguished intellectual
achievement in the humanities." The lecture resulted in his 2003 book,
The Trials of Phillis Wheatley.
Gates graduated from Piedmont High School in 1968 and attended
Potomac State College in Keyser, West Virginia before earning his
undergraduate degree at Yale University, gaining a B.A. summa cum
laude in History. To his eventual embarrassment, he wrote in his Yale
application, "As always, whitey now sits in judgment of me, preparing to
cast my fate. It is your decision either to let me blow with the wind as a
nonentity or to encourage the development of self. Allow me to prove
myself." Professor Gates clearly regrets the language he used in his Yale
application stating that "I wince at the rhetoric today, but they let me in."
[4]

16. Maya Angelou – literature

17. Maya Angelou (pronounced born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928) is an American
autobiographer and poet who has been called "America's most visible black female
autobiographer" by scholar Joanne M. Braxton. She is best known for her series of six
autobiographical volumes, which focus on her childhood and early adulthood experiences. The
first, best-known, and most highly acclaimed, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), focuses
on the first seventeen years of her life, brought her international recognition, and was
nominated for a National Book Award. Angelou has been highly honored for her body of work,
including being awarded over 30 honorary degrees and the nomination of a Pulitzer Prize for
her 1971 volume of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'Fore I Diiie.

18. People of Business Impact

19. Bill Gates – computer technology

20. William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28,
1955) is an American business magnate,
philanthropist, and chairman of Microsoft, the
software company he founded with Paul Allen.
He is consistently ranked among the world's
wealthiest people and the wealthiest overall as
of 2009. During his career at Microsoft, Gates
held the positions of CEO and chief software
architect, and remains the largest individual
shareholder with more than 8 percent of the
common stock. He has also authored or co-
authored several books.
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of
the personal computer revolution. Although he
is admired by many, a number of industry
insiders criticize his business tactics, which they
consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has
in some cases been upheld by the courts.

21. Ray Kroc – franchising

22. Ray Kroc:
As he traveled all over the country, he realized that one of the largest customers for the
mixers he sold was a California based restaurant owned by the McDonald brothers. On
further enquiry he found out that they used a mass production cum assembly line system for
their hamburgers and sandwiches. The owners were not interested in expanding the
operation further and seemed content with present operations.
In another display of salesmanship Ray Kroc convinced the brothers to make him their
exclusive agent. In 1954 Ray Kroc opened his own McDonald's drive-in in Des Plaines, Illinois.
He officially established the McDonald's Corporation.