1. History
of School
Counseling
DE GUZMAN, MIA MILAGROS T.
II-17 BSE ENGLISH
PROF ED 5

2. BEFORE THAT, LET’S RECALL FIRST:
GUIDANCE COUNSELING
2

3. GUIDANCE VS. COUNSELING
Guidance Counseling
AIM IS TO help
people
3

4. TIMELINE
4

5. TIMELINE
5
SCHOOL
COUNSELING
profession
Vocational
guidance
movement
(beginning of
the 20th
century)

6. Beginning of the 20th century-1940s
• 1907 - Jesse B. Davis is thought
to be the first to implement a
systematic guidance system in
public schools. (Schmidt, 2003)
• 1908 – Bureau of Vocational Guidance was
established by Frank Parsons
• 1920s to the 1930s – grew and declined
6
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

7. Beginning of the 20th century-1940s
• Grew: there was a rise of progressive
education in schools
• Declined: many schools reacted to this
movement as ANTI-EDUCATIONAL
(said that the fundamentals of
education should be the only thing
taught) + GREAT DEPRESSION
• 1940s - military
7
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

8. History and Development of School
Counseling (Allyn & Bacon 2004)
• Frank Parsons the “Father of Guidance.”
Stressed the scientific approach to selecting a career.
In selecting a vocation:
One must have a clear self-understanding of
one’s aptitudes, abilities, interests, resources
and limitations.
Knowledge of the requirements,
advantages, and disadvantages of different
employment.
An understanding of how these two are
related. 8

9. History and Development of School
Counseling (Allyn & Bacon 2004)
• GREAT DEPRESSION
• The Great Depression was a severe
worldwide economic depression in the decade
preceding World War II. The timing of the
Great Depression varied across nations, but
in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted
until the late 1930s or middle 1940s. It was
the longest, most widespread, and deepest
depression of the 20th century.

10. 1950s to the 1970s
• 1950s – Guidance and Personnel
Service Section in the Division of State
and Local School Systems
• 1957 – National Defense
Educational Act
10
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

11. 1950s to the 1970s
• 1960s to the 1970s – the profession
continued to grow
– Funds
– New legislation
– New professional developments
From vocational/career dev’t purpose, it’s
focus shifted on STUDENT’S PERSONAL
AND SOCIAL ISSUES
11
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

12. 1950s to the 1970s
• Late 60s to the early 70s – research
work by Norm Gysbers showed that
there must be a more strategic and
systematic goal of having a
comprehensive dev’t school counseling
programs for every student (K-12)
12
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

13. 1980s and 1990s
• 1980s to the early 1990s – US wasn’t a
player in the educational reform efforts
– Campbell and Dahir, 1997
American School Counseling Association
(ASCA) National Standards for School
Counseling
3 core domains
- academic
- career
- personal/social
13
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

14. 1980s and 1990s
• Late 1990s – Educational Trust’s project
(Pat Martin): School Counseling WILL
help close achievement gaps hindering
the life successes of children and
adolescents, including children and
adolescents of color, poor and working
class children and adolescents, bilingual
children and adolescents and children
and adolescents with disabilities.
14
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

15. 1980s and 1990s
• Late 1990s – National Center form
Transforming School Counseling (House
and Martin, 2003
15
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

16. Recent
• 2002 – ASCA released ASCA National
Model Framework (Dr. Trish Hatch and
Dr. Judy Bowers)
– Counseling components:
the work of Norm Gysbers, Curly & Sharon
Johnson, Robert Myrick, Dahir &
Campbell's ASCA National Standards
+ skill-based focus:
Educational Trust (Pat Martin and Reese
House)
16
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

17. Recent
• 2002 – RAMP (Recognized ASCA Model
Programs
• 2003 – Center for School Counseling
Outcome Research was developed (Jay
Carey)
• 2004 – ASCA Code of Ethics was revised
– National Office for School Counselor
Advocacy (NOSCA) (House & Lee)
17
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

18. Recent
• 2006 (January 1) – US congress
officially declared Feb 6-10 as National
School Counseling Week
• 2008 – first NOSCA study was released
by Jay Carey
– ASCA released School Counseling
Competencies
– Standards Blending (Dr. Rita Schellenberg)
• SCOPE
• SCORE . . .
18
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

19. Recent
• 2008 – Standards Blending (Dr. Rita
Schellenberg)
• SCOPE (School Counseling Operational
Plan for Effectiveness)
• SCORE (School Counseling Operational
Report of Effectiveness)
19
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

20. Recent
• 2012 – most recent version of ASCA
National Model was published
20
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

21. GOAL!!!
• increase student academic, career,
college, and personal/social
competencies including reduced
achievement and opportunity gaps for
all students
21
Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

22. OTHER COUNTRIES (including the
Philippines)
• A balanced, comprehensive school counseling program
provides services to promote student success. It involves school
counselors working in conjunction with parents, teachers and other
school personnel and community agencies. Many developmental
concepts that must be covered through a comprehensive program can
be incorporated into other classroom studies, giving the school
counselor more opportunities for direct counseling, prevention, and
remediation functions. It is important that a comprehensive school
counseling program provide a range of services in order to address the
needs of all students. Counselors should strive to balance their
time among all these services, based on the unique needs of
their school community. By developing and implementing a
comprehensive school counseling plan, school counselors can establish
services and activities that allow them to spend most of their time
providing direct services to children.
22Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

23. SUMMARY ^o^
• In the United States, the school counseling
profession began as a vocational guidance movement
at the beginning of the 20th century (Schmidt, 2003,
p. 6). In 1907, Jesse B. Davis became the principal at
the Center High School in Detroit, Michigan and
encouraged the school English teachers to use
compositions and lessons to relate career interests,
develop character, and avoid behavioral problems.
From that grew systematic guidance programs which
later evolved into comprehensive school counseling
programs that address three basic domains:
academic development, career development, and
personal/social development.
23Source: www.schoolcounselor.com

24. 24
REFERENCES:
American School Counselor Association (2005). The ASCA National
Model: A framework for school counseling programs.
Alexandria, VA: Author.
Education Trust. Retrieved from http://www.edtrust.org/node/139
Schmidt, J. J. (2003). Counseling in schools: Essential services and
comprehensive programs, 4th ed. Boston, MA.: Allyn & Bacon.
School Counselor. Retrieved from
http://www.thenewschoolcounselor.com
Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_school_counseling
Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression