Teaching lower secondary students how to write the "results" and "discussion" segments of a scientific report

1. Presenting Results;
3
Explaining and Discussing
the Results

2. • Introduction Writing
•Based on 5Ws and 1H
•Giving an overview to a topic or
project
• Methods Writing
•Converting an experimental protocol
to a method by explaining the
different actions

3. • Results Presentation
• Discussion Writing

4. • Textual formats
• Pictorial formats
• Combination formats

5. • Textual formats
After 8 days, Dendrobium placed in organic vermicompost tea has a
smaller percentage of flowers and buds left as concentration decreases.
Organic 1:30 prolonged shelf life of Dendrobium but insignificantly, with a
T-test, p-value > 0.05. Shelf lives of Dendrobium placed in paper
vermicompost tea were all prolonged by paper vermicomposts teas and
they were prolonged more with decreasing concentration. After 15 days,
organic vermicompost teas produce an indistinct trend for the different
concentrations with only organic 1:30 tea prolonging shelf life when
compared to the control. Similarly, the paper vermicompost teas have no
general trend. Paper 1:90 and 1:120 teas prolonged shelf life compared
to control. In conclusion, Dendrobium cut orchids grown in vermicompost
teas in the home environment showed no significant prolong in shelf-life
when compared to the control.

6. • Textual formats

7. • Pictorial formats

8. • Pictorial formats

9. • Combination: Textual & Pictorial

10. • A teacher wanted to find out the
average height of all the boys and all
the girls in a class.
• Raw results are given in Appendix A.

11. • Task (30 min)
•In groups of 4s, discuss and decide
which is the best way to present the
results.
•Present your results to the class and
explain why you think this format is the
best way to present the results.
•Your presentation should be on
powerpoint if possible.

12. PRESENTATION
OF RESULTS

13. • In any Scientific experiment, it is
essential for scientists to explain the
results.
• This explanation of results is called
the “discussion”.

14. • Some elements that can be included in
the “discussion” segment are:
• Explanation of the results
• Did the results support the hypothesis? Why
or why not?
• Why did they choose this method of
experimentation?
• Were there any “unexpected” results? Can
these “unexpected” phenomenon be
explained?
• Are these results comparable to previous
similar studies conducted by other
scientists?

15. • Task (15 min)
•Based on the same scenario given in
Activity ONE, discuss and come up with a
well-elaborated and convincing
explanation for the difference in the
average heights of boys and girls in the
class.
•Present your discussion to the class on
the same powerpoint.

16. PRESENTATION
OF DISCUSSION

17. • Save your group’s powerpoint.
• File name should be in the following
format: Class-GrpLeader’sName-
ResultsDiscussion2012
eg. 1E1-Huifang-ResultsDiscussion2012
• Upload your group’s powerpoint onto the
Applied Science Wiki page.

18. • Introduction Writing
• Methods Writing
• Results Presentation
• Discussion of Results