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Gerunds  and infinitives Grammar III I CO – 2011 by Carlos Roberto Mora
Infinitive ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Infinitive (to)  +  Gerund ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
afford / agree ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hope / wish ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Expect / fail ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ask / decide ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
No major difference in meaning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Begin Continue Start Intend
Gerund   (general)  to-infinitive   (particular situation) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Gerund  is formed by adding  “ ing ”  to the base form of a verb ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Gerund can be used… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
After  adjectives + preposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Finish ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deny ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
After  verbs… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
I  enjoy   to  swim. Which  is  correct ? I     enjoy   swimming. right
I  want  to  study . Which  is  correct ?    I  want   studying . right
I  finish  to  eat . Which  is  correct ?    I  finish   eating . right
I  need  to  study . Which  is  correct ?    I  need   studying . right
I  hope  to  study . Which  is  correct ?    I  hope   studying . right
I  stopped  to  smoke . Which  is  correct ?    I  stopped  smoking . right
Also… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary table for  (to)  infinitive  and  gerund To infinitive Gerund (-ing forms) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3. After some verbs  (expect, afford, want, need, prepare, refuse, choose, fail, learn, promise, hesitate...etc) Eg: I  expect to  pass the exams. 3. After some verbs  (eg: dislike, enjoy, practise, mind, avoid, consider, discuss, finish, keep, miss, suggest, keep, can ’ t help … etc) Eg: I ’ ll  finish studying  in June.
Summary table for  (to)  infinitive  and  gerund To infinitive Gerund (ing forms) 4. After some adjectives and nouns :   Adj  = easy, happy, glad, nice, excited, ready, difficult, dangerous ...etc;  Noun  =  work ,  money  to spend,  something  to drink, different  ways  to protect her. … etc) Eg: She is  ready  to  leave. (adj) Eg:  I am  glad  to  see you. (adj) Eg:  I ’ ve got  work  to  do.  (n) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],5.  Some verbs can be followed by either gerund or (to) infinitive: Eg: I  love going  to school/I  love to   go  to school 5.  Eg: Begin, continue, hate, love, start … etc.
Summary table for  (to)  infinitive  and  gerund To infinitive Gerund (ing forms) 6. Used in  general sense  (Eg: love, like, hate, prefer..etc) Eg: I like swimming. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Some words can use both to-infinitive and gerund with the same meaning.  ( Eg: love, like, begin, start, intend, continue..etc) ,[object Object],[object Object],* Some words can use both to-infinitive and gerund with different meaning.  (Eg: remember, try..etc)
 

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Grammar 3 gerunds and infinitives- i co-2011.

  • 1. Gerunds and infinitives Grammar III I CO – 2011 by Carlos Roberto Mora
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  • 19. I enjoy to swim. Which is correct ? I   enjoy swimming. right
  • 20. I want to study . Which is correct ?   I want studying . right
  • 21. I finish to eat . Which is correct ?   I finish eating . right
  • 22. I need to study . Which is correct ?   I need studying . right
  • 23. I hope to study . Which is correct ?   I hope studying . right
  • 24. I stopped to smoke . Which is correct ?   I stopped smoking . right
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