1. th century
The 19
class-­‐‑based
society
Origins, characteristics and life in the
industrial cities

2. 1. Origins of the class-­‐‑based
society
French
Revolution
19th century
liberal
revolution
Industrial
Revolution
Class-­‐‑
based
society

3. 2. Characteristics of the
class-­‐‑based society
Freedom and
equality under
the law
Social
inequalities
• Social class
was
determined
by wealth
Open
society
Polical
inequalities
• Limited
suffrage to
male with
money until
the end of the
19th century
Differences
based on
genre
• Women
were not
allowed to
vote until
the 20th
century

4. 3. The social classes
The Upper class
• Political and economic elite
• Their values and way of life were the ones
to follow
• Integrated by big land owners, financers,
bank owners, factory owners and big
merchants

5. The middle class
• Civil servants, lawyers, doctors
• Small merchants and artisans
• Small farmers
• Life conditions of their lowest members
were prePy similar to the working class
members one.

6. The working class
• Agricultural labourers, domestic service and
proletariat (industrial working class)
• The proletariat become the most important part
of this class.
• The situation in the first years of the
industrialisation was horrible: low wages, no
ending working days, no holidays, no strikes or
trade unions, childhood work, etc.

7. 4. Life in the industrial
cities
• Urban population increased during 19th century, because
of the urban migration.
• Changes in 19th century cities:
1. Urban development: new railway lines and stations,
large factories and more pollution.
2. Urban expansion: cities grew beyond their medieval
centres, with new avenues and bigger streets.
3. New residential areas:
1.
2.
Middle-­‐‑class neighbourhoods with green zones, gas lightning and well
built houses.
Working-­‐‑class neighbourhoods in marginal areas, with narrow streets,
no lightning or other public services.