2. Islam – remember from the last unit? “submission to God’s will” Muhammad is founder (c. 570 - 632 AD) monotheistic, worship Allah all are equal, despite race, color, socio-economic status (yes, women, too) Quran (Koran) is the holy book Mecca
3. Five Pillars belief in Allah and his prophet Muhammad. daily prayer - 5 times pay alms observe Ramadan (including fasting) pilgrimage to Mecca - hajj
4. Islam Split: Sunni or Shi’ite (shee-ite? Sunni Majority of Islam based on merit system caliph is successor Shi’ite cousin and son-in-law of Mohammed, Ali starts this group Imam
5. Differences? A lot of variations - especially as African, Asian and others adopted and mixed with their own. tolerance for other religions for a period (whereas Christians were killing each other over minor differences, especially in the Middle Ages)
6. A few more things . . . No idolatry, no images mosques - no images of people, animals no gambling, pork, alcohol women isolated The Black Stone
17. Arab Empire Islam united Arabs - empire began to expand (650 CE) into Persia and Turkey not forced to convert Expand to north Africa - Berbers then to Spain (Moors) by 725 CE, most of Spain is Muslim Detail of Islamic Architecture at Alhambra in Spain
19. Arab Empire (cont) Turks pressure Byzantine Empire (1071 CE) request for help from Europe lead to the Crusades 1258 - Mongols sack Baghdad (lead by Genghis Khan) Genghis Khan
20. Ottoman Empire 1520 - 1604 1520 Suleyman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan harem - sultan’s private residence cannon, muskets, infantry Took Constantinople (now Istanbul) and to Europe minarets
22. SafavidEmpire: 1501 - 1723 Persia shah is in charge patron of arts, Isfahan silk, Persian carpets Shi’ite Empire
23. MughalEmpire: India, 1504-1757 tolerant, allowed Hinduism Had gunpowder, artillery for warfare (made them powerful) Founder: descendant of Genghis Khan TajMahal built by Shah Jahan 1757 - sold India to British Hindu/Muslim conflicts despite tolerance Paintings - miniatures
25. Some Contributions math - the number zero (brought from India) algebra developed sailing technology, maps Arabic - language important - Quran and poetry irrigation canals, cisterns tiles, metalwork, carpets foods architecture
26. To think about . . . Modern-day negative stereotypes: Muslim terrorist, Arab terrorists, Muslim/Arab are the same (they are not), kidnap western women, Arab as uncivilized or barbaric. Remember, stereotypes are untrue characteristics. How does the media represent Arabs/Muslims? What kinds of stories are reported? Foods - oranges, figs, cloves, ginger, pepper, saffron, coffee, barley, limes, lemons, etc.
27. Bibliography An Introduction to the Humanities AWAIR www.islamicity.org/Culture/Calligraphy/Calig3.htm philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/Arab1.gif philae.sas.upenn.edu/Arabic/Arab19.gif www.famu.edu/cas/histpol/eidahl/woh1012/Images/HammurabiCode.jpg dar-us-salam.com/68pillars-islam.htm search.corbis.com/default.asp?i=10134279&vID=1&rID=101 www.islamtz.org/ www.eyewire.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/View.woa/wa/viewProduct?cid=2&product=46594
