chapt 11 power point

1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 Stalemate in Washington Section 2 Populism Section 3 The Rise of Segregation Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

7. Intro 5 Why It Matters During this period, political parties often focused on party competition rather than on important issues. Rural Americans were suffering economically, and they began to organize to obtain relief. Many states passed laws segregating African Americans and limiting their voting rights.

9. Intro 7 continued on next slide

10. Intro 8

11. End of Intro

14. Section 1-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Continuity and Change Political parties relied on support from different groups and regions of the country.

15. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

20. Section 1-9 How did the Pendleton Act help reform the civil service? This civil service reform act allowed the president to decide which federal jobs would be filled according to rules set up by a bipartisan Civil Service Commission. Candidates competed for federal jobs through examinations. Appointments could be made only from the list of those who took the exams. Once appointed to a job, a civil service official could not be removed for political reasons. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A Campaign to Clean Up Politics (cont.) (pages 364–365)

23. Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why were few new policies introduced in the 1870s and 1880s? Two Parties, Neck and Neck (cont.) (pages 365–366)

24. Section 1-13 Both the Republicans and the Democrats were well organized in the late 1800s. The presidential elections were won with narrow margins between 1876 and 1896. The Republicans won four of the six presidential elections between 1876 and 1896. The Democrats controlled the House of Representatives, however, and the Senate was controlled by Republicans who did not necessarily agree with the president on issues. This created a nearly even division of power between Republicans and Democrats that produced political deadlock at the federal level. Two Parties, Neck and Neck (cont.) (pages 365–366)

28. Section 1-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did Grover Cleveland win the presidential election of 1884? Some Republican reformers, called Mugwumps, disliked Blaine and supported Grover Cleveland instead. They disliked Blaine because they did not like his personal morals and his connection with the Crédit Mobilier scandal. Democrats Reclaim the White House (cont.) (pages 366–367)

33. Section 1-22 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Commission? The commission was created to regulate interstate commerce. The commission limited railroad rates to what was “reasonable and just,” forbade rebates to high-volume users, and made it illegal to charge higher rates for shorter hauls. A President Besieged by Problems (cont.) (pages 367–368)

37. Section 1-26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What were the results of the Sherman Antitrust Act? The courts did little to enforce the Sherman Antitrust Act. The legislative act was important for establishing a precedent in the regulation of big business. Republicans Regain Power (cont.) (pages 368–369)

38. fscstart /AR2 /2 /fsc.3.11.1 Checking for Understanding __ 1. a partial refund to lower the rate of a good or commodity __ 2. another name for the spoils system, in which government jobs or favors are given out to political allies and friends A. patronage B. rebate Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B

39. Section 1-28 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Explain how the Pendleton Act created civil service reform. Certain federal jobs were filled according to newly created Civil Service Commission rules. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

40. Section 1-29 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe the events leading to the establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Worker and consumer unrest, fear of powerful corporations and industry, and anger at railroads led to the establishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Checking for Understanding (cont.)

41. Section 1-30 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Continuity and Coverage What groups and regions were strongholds for Republicans and Democrats in the 1880s? Where is their support today? Big business, Great Plains farmers, and Protestants were strong holds for Republicans in the 1880s. Their support today comes from the Midwest, South, and rural areas. Catholics and immigrants were the strongholds for Democrats in the 1880s. Their support today comes from urban areas. Reviewing Themes

42. Section 1-31 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Interpreting Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act ineffective? The enforcing courts judged the legislation language too vague to rule against big companies. Critical Thinking

43. Section 1-32 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining Photographs Study the photograph on page 368 of your textbook. What similarities do you see between Cleveland’s inauguration ceremony and the ones we have today? Do you see any differences between the ceremonies then and now? There is a similar setup of inaugurations. The differences are the clothing and the presence of more women today.

44. Section 1-33 Close Cite the economic problems of the period and the basic viewpoints of each political party.

45. End of Section 1

48. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Economic Factors Currency and credit problems led to the rise of the Populist movement .

49. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

56. Section 2-11 How did the Grange try to help farmers? Some Grangers pressured state legislatures to regulate railroad and warehouse rates. Others joined the Independent National Party, or Greenback Party, to pressure the government into printing more greenbacks to increase the money supply. Grangers also formed cooperatives to help farmers market their crops for higher prices and negotiate better shipping rates. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Unrest in Rural America (cont.) (pages 372–374)

60. Section 2-15 Why did the exchanges set up by the Farmers’ Alliance fail? Many exchanges overextended themselves by loaning too much money at low interest rates that were not repaid. Wholesalers, manufacturers, railroads, and bankers discriminated against the exchanges. The exchanges were too small to dramatically affect world prices for farm products. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Farmers’ Alliance (cont.) (pages 374–375)

66. Section 2-21 What was the People’s Party platform in the election of 1892? The People’s Party platform called for unlimited coinage of silver, federal ownership of railroads, and a graduated income tax, or one that taxes higher earnings more heavily. It also called for an eight-hour workday, restriction of immigration, and denounced the use of strikebreakers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Rise of Populism (cont.) (pages 375–378)

69. Section 2-24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did William McKinley appeal to workers and business leaders? McKinley promised workers a “full dinner pail.” Most business leaders liked him because they thought that unlimited silver coinage would ruin the country’s economy. The Election of 1896 (cont.) (pages 378–379)

70. Section 2-25 Checking for Understanding __ 1. the loss of value of money __ 2. a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War __ 3. a person who believes that American currency should be based on a gold standard __ 4. a decline in the volume of available money or credit that results in lower prices, and, therefore, increases the buying power of money __ 5. a person who believes that coining silver in unlimited quantities would solve the nation’s economic crisis A. deflation B. greenback C. inflation D. goldbug E. silverite Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B D C A E

71. Section 2-26 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the issues that the Democrats endorsed in the 1896 presidential election. Democrats supported farmers and silver as a monetary base.

72. Section 2-27 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Economic Factors What economic problems caused farmers to support populism? Deflation, falling farm prices, high tariffs, and high rail shipping rates caused farmers to support populism.

73. Section 2-28 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing How did the Farmers’ Alliance contribute to the rise of a new political party? Some Alliance members wanted to form a new party to get their programs passed.

74. Section 2-29 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Examine the photograph of David Hilton and his family on page 377, showing them with an organ they rescued from a collapsed sod house. Why do you think it was so important for them to rescue the organ? The organ was one of the few sources of entertainment for the family.

75. Section 2-30 Close Describe who joined the Populist Party and what the party’s goals were.

76. End of Section 2

79. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Individual Action African Americans stood up to fight against discrimination in the United States.

80. Section 3-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

84. Section 3-8 What did African Americans do to try to improve their conditions in the South after Reconstruction? Exodusters left the rural South and migrated to Kansas. African Americans who stayed in the South joined organizations such as the Colored Farmers’ National Alliance and the Populist Party. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Resistance and Repression (cont.) (pages 380–381)

88. Section 3-12 What methods did Southern states use to disfranchise African Americans? Southern states imposed restrictions such as a poll tax and literacy tests. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Disfranchising African Americans (cont.) (page 382)

92. Section 3-16 What was the result of the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson? The Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson endorsed “separate but equal” facilities for African Americans. This ruling established the legal basis for discrimination in the South for over 50 years. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Legalizing Segregation (cont.) (pages 382–383)

96. Section 3-20 How did the viewpoints on solving discrimination differ between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The African American Response (cont.) (pages 383–384)

97. Section 3-21 Booker T. Washington urged fellow African Americans to concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than legal or political ones. Washington said African Americans should prepare themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality. Du Bois said that white Southerners continued to take away the civil rights of African Americans, even though they were making progress in education and vocational training. He believed that African Americans had to demand their rights, especially voting rights, to gain full equality. The African American Response (cont.) (pages 383–384)

98. Section 3-22 Checking for Understanding __ 1. farmer who works land for an owner who provides equipment and seed and receives a share of the crop __ 2. the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group __ 3. an execution performed without lawful approval __ 4. statutes or laws created to enforce segregation __ 5. a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote A. sharecropper B. poll tax C. segregation D. Jim Crow laws E. lynching Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. C E A D B

99. Section 3-23 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain what happened to Ida B. Wells after she began campaigning against lynching. She was driven out of town and moved to Chicago to continue her campaign.

100. Section 3-24 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Individual Action Why did Homer Plessy challenge a Louisiana law in 1892, and what was the significance of his action? He argued that the law that forced him to ride in a separate railroad car from whites was unconstitutional; his challenge led to the “separate but equal” doctrine.

101. Section 3-25 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining After Reconstruction, why did many African Americans in the South live in conditions that were little better than slavery? They owned no property and worked as sharecroppers.

102. Section 3-26 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Examine the photograph of an “Exoduster” family on page 381 of your textbook. Pose questions about the photograph to your classmates in a quiz and then have them answer the questions. Quizzes will vary.

103. Section 3-27 Close Describe three major African American leaders’ responses to discrimination.

104. End of Section 3

105. Chapter Summary 1

106. End of Chapter Summary

107. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. person who believes that American currency should be based on a gold standard __ 2. the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group __ 3. store where farmers bought products from each other; an enterprise owned and operated by those who use its services __ 4. the loss of value of money __ 5. an execution performed without lawful approval A. rebate B. greenback C. inflation D. cooperative E. goldbug F. silverite G. poll tax H. segregation I. Jim Crow laws J. lynching H D E C J

108. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 6. person who believes that coining silver currency in unlimited quantities will eliminate economic crisis __ 7. statues or laws created to enforce segregation __ 8. a partial refund to lower the rate of a good or commodity __ 9. a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote __ 10. a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War I A F G B A. rebate B. greenback C. inflation D. cooperative E. goldbug F. silverite G. poll tax H. segregation I. Jim Crow laws J. lynching

109. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What contributed to political deadlock at the federal level between 1876 and 1896? There was a nearly even division of power between the Democrats and Republicans.

110. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What economic problems did the United States face during the administration of President Cleveland? Problems included labor strikes, price gouging by railroads, and high tariffs.

111. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) How did the Grange attempt to solve farmers’ problems in the late 1800s? It pooled resources to create cooperatives, pressured legislatures to regulate railroad and warehouse rates, and encouraged the government to print more money.

112. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What was the significance of the Supreme Court’s ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson? Plessy’s challenge of a state law forcing him to ride in a separate railroad car led to the Supreme Court decision establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine and continuing social segregation.

113. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Economic Factors Why was the type of currency used in the United States an important issue to farmers in the late 1800s? Without greenbacks and silver coins, the money supply could not meet the needs of the growing economy. The value of money increased, and crop prices began to fall.

114. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking (cont.) Comparing How did Booker T. Washington’s answer to racial discrimination compare to that of W.E.B. Du Bois? Washington wanted to postpone the fight for voting rights and focus on educational and job training, while Du Bois pushed for voting rights.

115. Chapter Assessment 9 Economics and History The graph below shows farm prices in the United States between 1860 and 1900. Study the graph and answer the questions on the following slides.

116. Chapter Assessment 10 Analyzing Graphs What happened to prices of crops between 1865 and 1895? The trend for wheat and corn is downward. The price of cotton remained relatively constant during the period after an initial fluctuation. Economics and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

117. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Understanding Cause and Effect What factors might have contributed to this situation? Abundant crops, flat demand, high tariffs, or increased competition may have contributed to this situation. Economics and History (cont.)

118. Chapter Assessment 12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 declared illegal “any combination . . . in restraint of trade or commerce.” What combination was it originally intended to prevent? A labor unions B business mergers C transcontinental railroads D Farmers’ Alliances Test-Taking Tip Make sure your answer reflects the original goal of the Antitrust Act. Only one answer reflects the reason Congress passed the law.

119. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What were some of the difficulties that settlers encountered as they settled the Great Plains? Possible answers: Isolation, tornadoes, destructive insects, harsh weather, and dust storms were some of the difficulties that settlers encountered.

120. End of Chapter Assessment

121. FYI Contents 1 Thomas Nast Interstate Commerce Commission Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

122. FYI 1-1a Thomas Nast was responsible for creating the symbols of both the Democratic and Republican parties. To this day, the donkey symbolizes Democrats, and the elephant symbolized Republicans.

123. FYI 1-2b The Interstate Commerce Commission no longer exists. It was terminated in 1995.

124. CC Contents 2 Economics Government Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

125. CC 2-1a Economics To quiet demands for a larger money supply, the government passed the Bland-Allison Act of 1878. The act authorized the U.S. Treasury to purchase silver and issue silver certificates for the first time. Silver certificates could be exchanged for silver dollars. The Treasury continued to exchange silver certificates for silver dollars until 1964. Silver certificates remain a legal form of currency in the United States.

126. CC 2-1b Government The Populist Party had an impact on politics and government far beyond its showing in national elections. Minor parties have often served as vehicles for reform by taking clear-cut stands on controversial issues and proposing bold and original solutions. Among the Populist proposals that were adopted and are still in place today are the federal income tax (Sixteenth Amendment, 1913), direct election of U.S. senators (Seventeenth Amendment, 1913), the secret ballot (late 1890s), and primary elections (Wisconsin, 1903).

127. FYI Contents 2 The Grange William Jennings Bryan Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

128. FYI 2-1a Farmers in 37 states belong to the Grange today. The organization still pursues its original goals of providing educational and social support to farmers and their families.

129. FYI 2-2b After William Jennings Bryan delivered his speech at the Democratic convention in 1896, people were crying and rejoicing for an hour.

130. Moment in History 2 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

131. You Don’t Say Contents 2 Rural Lingo Bimetallists Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

132. You Don’t Say 2-1a Rural Lingo Grange comes from the Middle Latin word granica, which is from the Latin granum, or “grain.” At one time the grange was the farm of a monastery, where grain was stored.

133. You Don’t Say 2-2b Bimetallists People who supported using both gold and silver as currency were known as bimetallists.

134. CT Skill Builder 1 Interpreting Points of View Suppose you want to see a new movie, but your friends’ opinions range from “terrific” to “boring.” People often have different opinions about the same people, events, or issues because they look at them from different points of view. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

135. CT Skill Builder 2 Learning the Skill A point of view results from one’s own beliefs and values. Many factors affect an individual’s point of view, including age, gender, racial or ethnic background, economic class, and religion. To judge the accuracy or the objectivity of an argument, you must first identify the speaker’s point of view. Interpreting Points of View

136. CT Skill Builder 3 Learning the Skill (cont.) To interpret point of view in written material, gather background information on the author that might reveal his or her point of view. Identify aspects of the topic that the author chooses to emphasize or exclude. Look for emotionally charged words such as charming, vicious, heartwarming, and drastic. Also notice metaphors and analogies that imply an opinion, such as, “If this budget can work, then pigs can fly.” Interpreting Points of View

137. CT Skill Builder 4 Practicing the Skill Read the following excerpts from William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech. Then answer the questions on the following slides. Interpreting Points of View The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error. I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of liberty—the cause of humanity.… Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

138. CT Skill Builder 5 Practicing the Skill (cont.) When you come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interest, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your course… We say not one word against those who live upon the Atlantic coast, but the hardy pioneers who have braved all the dangers of the wilderness, who have made the desert to blossom as the rose… it is for these that we speak… If they ask us why it is that we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that, if protection has slain its thousands, the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands… Interpreting Points of View

139. CT Skill Builder 6 Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interest, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Interpreting Points of View Practicing the Skill (cont.)

140. CT Skill Builder 7 1. What subject is Bryan addressing? What group is he speaking for? 2. What is Bryan’s point of view? Bryan is speaking about money. He is speaking for farmers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. He is against the gold standard. Interpreting Points of View Practicing the Skill (cont.)

141. CT Skill Builder 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. 3. What emotionally charged words and phrases does Bryan use in his speech? How does this language help reveal his point of view? “ Hardy pioneers” expresses his view of the people for whom he speaks; references to biblical language attempt to connect his cause to righteous action. Interpreting Points of View Practicing the Skill (cont.)

142. M/C 1-1

143. M/C 2

144. Why It Matters Transparency

145. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Republican Party

146. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

147. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

148. GO 1

149. GO 2

150. GO 3

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