2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Technological Revolution Section 2 The Clinton Years Section 3 An Interdependent World Section 4 America Enters a New Century Section 5 The War on Terrorism Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
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9. Intro 7 Why It Matters During the 1990s, a technological revolution transformed society. President Clinton pushed for budget cuts, health care and welfare reforms, and global trade. He also worked for peace in the Middle East and the Balkans. In 2000 George W. Bush won the presidency. He supported tax cuts, a new energy program, increased trade, and a missile defense system. After terrorists killed thousands of people in the United States, the new president launched a war on terrorism.
25. Section 1-11 How did compact computers change the workplace? Compact computers linked employees within an office or among office branches. Compact computers became essential tools in every kind of business. Many workers used a home computer and electronic mail to telecommute–do their jobs at home via their computer. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Rise of the Compact Computer (cont.) (pages 892–893)
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27. Section 1-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 achieve? The act allowed telephone companies to compete with each other, send television signals, and permitted cable television companies to offer telephone service. The Telecommunications Revolution (cont.) (pages 893–894)
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30. Section 1-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What led to the expansion of the Internet? The development of the hypertext transport protocol (http) and new software called Web browsers led to the Internet expansion. The Rise of the Internet (cont.) (page 894)
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35. Section 1-21 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What impact did James Watson and Francis Crick have on society? Their discovery of the structure of DNA led to an improvement in medical research on cancer and heart disease and helped law enforcement by establishing DNA as indisputable as a fingerprint in identification. Breakthroughs in Biotechnology (cont.) (pages 894–895)
36. Section 1-22 Checking for Understanding __ 1. a computer processor containing both memory and computing functions on a single chip __ 2. the genetic material in cells that determines all forms of life __ 3. to work at home by means of an electronic linkup with a central office __ 4. a computer program __ 5. an electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational computer facilities around the world A. microprocessor B. software C. telecommute D. Internet E. DNA Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. E C A B D
37. Section 1-23 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Explain how scientific discoveries in biotechnology have improved people’s lives. Scientific discoveries have led to the development of artificial genes and assisted genetic engineering of plants, animals, and humans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
38. Section 1-24 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Economic Factors How have personal computers transformed the workplace? Personal computers linked employees, became essential in all kinds of business, and allowed people to telecommute.
39. Section 1-25 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing How have advances in telecommunications and the rise of the Internet affected the standard of living in the United States? New technology, such as Web-enabled cell phones and the Internet, made a new communications system possible and spawned the “dot.com” economy.
40. Section 1-26 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the crowd in the photograph of George W. Bush at Fort Campbell on page 891 of your textbook. How would you describe the attitudes reflected in the faces of the people photographed? Most people look happy.
45. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Economic Factors The United States, along with much of the industrialized world, experienced economic prosperity in the 1990s.
52. Section 2-10 What five major areas did President Clinton’s domestic program focus on? Clinton’s domestic program focused on the economy, the family, education, crime, and health care. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Clinton’s Agenda (cont.) (pages 896–897)
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57. Section 2-15 What happened to the Contract with America? The Senate defeated several of the proposals, including the balanced budget amendment, while the president vetoed others. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Republicans Gain Control of Congress (cont.) (page 898)
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60. Section 2-18 Who else entered the race for president in 1996 besides Clinton and Dole? The candidate for the Reform Party was H. Ross Perot. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The 1996 Election (cont.) (pages 898–899)
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66. Section 2-24 What did Clinton do to help students? Clinton asked for tax credits, a large increase in student grants, and an expansion of the Head Start program for preschoolers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Clinton’s Second Term (cont.) (pages 899–900)
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76. Section 2-32 What was the Declaration of Principles? It was a plan for creating a Palestinian government. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Clinton’s Foreign Policy (cont.) (pages 900–901)
77. Section 2-33 Checking for Understanding __ 1. lying when one has sworn under oath to tell the truth __ 2. the expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of ethnic minorities by a dominant majority group A. perjury B. ethnic cleansing Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A
78. Section 2-34 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain why the federal government shut down in 1995. A budget impasse between Congress and Clinton led to a government shutdown.
79. Section 2-35 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Economic Factors What government policies helped create the U.S. prosperity of the 1990s? A reduced federal deficit and lower interest rates helped create the U.S. prosperity of the 1990s.
80. Section 2-36 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Why was President Clinton able to win re-election in 1996? President Clinton was aided by Americans’ desire to encourage the continuation of the economic boom.
81. Section 2-37 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photographs of Clinton’s impeachment trial on page 899 of your textbook. What elements in the photograph reflect the seriousness of the occasion? Possible answers: People’s somber expressions and Clinton’s bowed head reflect the somber moment.
82. Section 2-38 Close Discuss the nation’s involvement in world affairs during the Clinton administration.
86. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Global Connections Economic, health, and environmental developments in recent years have led to the world’s nations becoming more interdependent.
94. Section 3-10 Why were Democrat and Republican administrations in favor of lowering international trade barriers? They thought that the U.S. economy benefited from the sale of American exports, and that the purchase of imports would keep consumer prices, inflation, and interest rates low for Americans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A New Global Economy (cont.) (pages 902–904)
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99. Section 3-14 Why did the Senate refuse to ratify the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty? The Senate felt that it would limit American nuclear research. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Issues of Global Concern (cont.) (pages 904–905)
100. Section 3-15 Checking for Understanding __ 1. an increase in average world temperatures over time __ 2. the difference between the value of a country’s imports versus its exports __ 3. the basic currency shared by the countries of the European Union since 1999 __ 4. the spread of nuclear weapons to new nations A. euro B. nuclear proliferation C. global warming D. trade deficit Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. D A C B
101. Section 3-16 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe the international response to concerns about global warming. The Kyoto Protocol pledged to reduce emissions, but the United States did not sign it. Few of the 39 countries that signed it have implemented any plans.
102. Section 3-17 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Global Connections Why was China an important factor in world trade? China’s large population provides a huge market for imported goods.
103. Section 3-18 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Do you think the new global economy has helped or hurt the United States? Answers will vary.
104. Section 3-19 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph of the Oklahoma City National Memorial on page 904 of your textbook. What do the empty chairs represent? How has the memorial helped relatives of the victims? The chairs represent bombing victims. The memorial emphasizes the need to remember the victims of the tragedy.
105. Section 3-20 Close List the environmental issues that have become important internationally.
109. Section 4-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Government and Democracy The 2000 presidential election was very close, and the outcome was controversial.
116. Section 4-10 What were the campaign issues of the 2000 presidential election? Both Gore and Bush proposed tax cuts, although Bush emphasized much larger tax cuts. Both candidates agreed that Social Security needed reform. Both candidates promised to improve education and supported plans to help seniors pay for prescription drugs. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A New President for a New Century (cont.) (pages 906–909)
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120. Section 4-13 What were Bush’s major domestic programs when he first took office? Bush cut taxes, proposed mandatory testing in public schools, and Medicare reform, and favored building up missile defense. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Bush Becomes President (cont.) (page 909)
121. Section 4-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1. a plan to develop missiles and other devices that can shoot down nuclear missiles before they hit the United States __ 2. a small piece of cardboard produced by punching a data card A. chad B. strategic defense Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B
122. Section 4-14a Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding (cont.) Reviewing Facts What did the Supreme Court decide in Bush v. Gore? The Supreme Court decided that there was not enough time to conduct a manual recount that passed constitutional standards, ensuring Bush’s victory.
123. Section 4-15 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy What caused the vote-count controversy in Florida in the 2000 election? Confusing ballot designs and unclear voting results, combined with different standards used to manually recount ballots, caused the vote-count controversy.
124. Section 4-16 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Forming an Opinion Do you think the 2000 presidential election was decided fairly? Why or why not? Answers will vary.
125. Section 4-17 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Interpreting Graphs Study the graph on page 907 of your textbook. By how many votes was Gore leading when news networks declared him the winner in Florida? What was Bush’s lead when networks declared him to be the winner? Gore led by about 3,000 votes when news networks declared him the winner in Florida. Bush led by about 45,000 votes when he was declared the winner.
126. Section 4-18 Close Evaluate the programs President George W. Bush initiated.
130. Section 5-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Global Connections International terrorists targeted Americans in order to coerce the United States.
142. Section 5-15 What do terrorists hope to accomplish when they commit terrorist acts? Terrorists hope to instill fear in people, and to frighten their governments into changing policies. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. September 11, 2001 (cont.) (pages 911–913)
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146. Section 5-19 How did President Bush respond to the terrorist attacks against the United States? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. America Unites (cont.) (pages 913–914)
147. Section 5-20 On September 14, President Bush declared a national emergency, and Congress voted to use force to fight the terrorists. Secretary of State Colin Powell built an international coalition to support the United States’ fight against terrorism. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and the joint chiefs of staff deployed American troops, aircrafts, and warships to the Middle East. President Bush announced that the war on terrorism would start against al-Qaeda, but would also be waged against every terrorist group around the globe, including states that aided or harbored terrorists. America Unites (cont.) (pages 913–914)
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154. Section 5-27 Why did Congress need time to draft the antiterrorist bill? Congress struggled over how to balance Americans’ Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable search and seizure with the need to increase security. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A New War Begins (cont.) (pages 914–916)
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161. Section 5-34 Why did President Bush consider Iraq to be an immediate threat for weapons of mass destruction? Iraq’s dictator, Saddam Hussein, had used chemical weapons twice in the 1980s, and after the Gulf War, UN inspectors had found evidence that Iraq had biological weapons and was working on a nuclear bomb. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Confronting Iraq (cont.) (page 916)
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167. Section 5-39 Why was John Kerry against sending American troops into combat in Iraq? Kerry had served in the navy during the Vietnam War where he was convinced that war is futile. He became an outspoken critic and was skeptical of risking American lives for the war in Iraq. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The 2004 Elections (cont.) (pages 916–918)
168. Section 5-40 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1. the use of violence by non-governmental groups against civilians to achieve a political goal by instilling fear and frightening governments into changing policies __ 2. violent acts against civilians that are secretly supported by a government in order to attack other nations without going to war A. terrorism B. state-sponsored terrorism Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. B A
169. Section 5-41 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain how the United States responded to the attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. Citizens donated money and supplies. The government vowed to end terrorism and targeted al-Qaeda and the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
170. Section 5-42 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Global Connections Why does American foreign policy anger Islamic fundamentalists in the Middle East? U.S. support for Israel and for wealthy ruling families in some Middle Eastern countries angers Islamic fundamentalists.
171. Section 5-43 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Interpreting What factors have contributed to the rise of Middle Eastern terrorist groups? Increased contact with Western society, the growth of Islamic fundamentalism, and countries that provide terrorists with money, weapons, and training are factors that contribute to the rise of Middle Eastern terrorist groups.
172. Section 5-44 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining Maps Study the map of terrorist attacks on page 914 of your textbook. In what region of the world did most of the attacks take place? The most attacks have taken place in the Middle East.
173. Section 5-45 Close Explain America’s response to the terrorist attacks on New York and the Pentagon.
177. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. the difference between the value of a country’s imports versus its exports __ 2. to work at home by means of an electronic linkup with a central office __ 3. the spread of nuclear weapons to new nations __ 4. a plan to develop missiles and other devices that can shoot down nuclear missiles before they hit the United States __ 5. lying when one has sworn under oath to tell the truth A. microprocessor B. telecommute C. perjury D. ethnic cleansing E. trade deficit F. euro G. nuclear proliferation H. global warming I. chad J. strategic defense B G E J C
178. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 6. a computer processor containing both memory and computing functions on a single chip __ 7. the basic currency shared by the countries of the European Union since 1999 __ 8. the expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of ethnic minorities by a dominant majority group __ 9. a small piece of cardboard produced by punching a data card __ 10. an increase in average world temperatures over time F D A I H A. microprocessor B. telecommute C. perjury D. ethnic cleansing E. trade deficit F. euro G. nuclear proliferation H. global warming I. chad J. strategic defense
179. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts How did compact computers transform the workplace? Compact computers connected employees in offices together, modernized record-keeping, increased productivity, and streamlined research avenues.
180. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What advances in biotechnology occurred in the 1990s? The mapping of the human genome made it possible to study and manipulate genes and cells at the molecular level. Other advances resulted in new medicines, animal growth hormones, new industrial chemicals, and genetically engineered plants.
181. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) After his election in 1992, how did President Clinton propose to strengthen the nation’s economy? Clinton proposed to strengthen the economy by lowering interest rates and reducing federal deficits.
182. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What regional trade blocks were formed in the 1990s to increase international trade? The North American Free Trade Agreement, the European Union, and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation were formed to increase international trade.
183. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) Which state was significant in the 2000 presidential election? The outcome in Florida determined the winner of the election of 2000.
184. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Global Connections What foreign-policy challenges did President Clinton face? Do you think he handled the situations effectively? Why or why not? Foreign policy challenges included restoring Haiti’s president, ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Kosovo, and ongoing tensions in the Middle East. Evaluations of Clinton’s effectiveness should be supported with examples and sound reasoning.
185. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking (cont.) Evaluating What developments in the Middle East explain the rise of terrorist groups that want to attack Americans? Developments include American support for Israel, American investment in the oil industry in the Middle East, and the belief of some Muslims that American support of wealthy oil-producing countries increased Western influence and undermined traditional values and beliefs.
186. Chapter Assessment 10 Geography and History The graph on page 921 of your textbook shows the diverse population of the United States at the beginning of the new century. Study the graph and answer the questions on the following slides.
187. Chapter Assessment 11 Interpreting Graphs Why is getting accurate data on the Hispanic population difficult? Some Hispanics would classify themselves in the Other or Multiracial categories. Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
188. Chapter Assessment 12 Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Making Generalizations How will population diversity affect government in the future? Answers will vary.
189. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the phrase that best completes the following sentence. The Contract with America involved F a commitment by Russia to eliminate land-based nuclear weapons. G a campaign promise by President Clinton to create a national health care system for all Americans. H a legislative agenda promoted by the Republican Party in 1994. J programs intended to increase the size and readiness of the military. Test-Taking Tip This question requires that you remember details of a specific program. Use the process of elimination if you are unsure. Does the Contract with America sound like a foreign policy agreement between two countries?
190. Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Who were the Democratic and Republican presidential and vice presidential candidates in 2000? The Democratic candidates were Al Gore and Joseph Lieberman. The Republican candidates were George W. Bush and Richard Cheney.
192. FYI Contents 2 Bill Clinton Madeleine Albright Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
193. FYI 2-1a William Jefferson Blythe IV was born in Hope, Arkansas, three months after his father died in a traffic accident. While in high school, Blythe took his stepfather’s last name of Clinton. Bill Clinton graduated from Georgetown University and won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. At Yale University, he earned a law degree and met his future wife, law school classmate Hilary Rodham. After serving as the attorney general and governor of Arkansas, Clinton ran for president. His 1992 campaign video was titled “A Man from Hope.”
194. FYI 2-2b Madeleine Albright, appointed by President Clinton, was the first woman to serve as secretary of state. This appointment made her the highest-ranking woman ever to serve in the federal government–fourth in line for presidential succession. Interestingly, she would not have been able to assume the presidency because she was not born a citizen of the United States.
195. FYI Contents 5 The Pentagon American Red Cross Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
196. FYI 5-1a Construction on the Pentagon began on September 11, 1941, exactly 60 years before terrorists attacked.
197. FYI 5-2b The American Red Cross, one of the leading relief agencies assisting victims of the terrorist attacks, came under fire when it announced that some of the money donated to the Liberty Fund would not be used for the relief effort surrounding the 2001 terrorist attacks. Criticized for misleading the public, the Red Cross launched a public relations campaign to reassure the public that all the money donated to the Liberty Fund would be used to help victims of the September 11 attacks.
198. Moment in History 3 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
199. You Don’t Say 4-1 Name Game Traditionally former presidents retain the title of “president.” George W. Bush and his father, however, are both called President Bush. Some Bush family members affectionately call the men “41” and “43,” because George Bush was the forty-first president and George W. Bush was the forty-third president.
200. You Don’t Say 5-1 Taliban The Taliban claimed to be Allah’s followers desiring to bring pure Islamic government to Afghanistan. Some of their earlier successes in ending corruption and in dealing with cruel warlords won them much support in Afghanistan. However, as their control of the country became more complete, their repressive regime greatly burdened the people of Afghanistan, who were already weary from nearly 20 years of war.
201. SS Skill Builder 1 Reading a Cartogram On most maps, land areas are drawn in proportion to their actual surface areas on the earth. On some maps, however, a small country may appear much larger than usual, and a large country may look much smaller. The shapes of the countries may also look different. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
202. SS Skill Builder 2 Learning the Skill Maps that distort country size and shape are called cartograms. In a cartogram, country size reflects some value other than land area, such as population or gross national product. For example, on a conventional map, Canada appears much larger than India. In a cartogram showing world population, however, India would appear larger than Canada because it has a much larger population. The cartogram is a tool for making visual comparisons. At a glance, you can see how each country or region compares with another in a particular value. Reading a Cartogram
203. SS Skill Builder 3 Learning the Skill (cont.) To use a cartogram, first read the title and key to identify what value the cartogram illustrates. Then examine the cartogram to see which countries or regions appear. Find the largest and smallest countries. Compare the cartogram with a conventional land-area map to determine the degree of distortion of particular countries. Finally, draw conclusions about the topic. Reading a Cartogram
204. SS Skill Builder 4 Practicing the Skill Study the cartogram shown on page 910 of your textbook, then answer the questions on the following slides. Reading a Cartogram
205. SS Skill Builder 5 1. What is the subject of the cartogram? 2. Which region appears largest on the cartogram? Which appears smallest? The subject of the cartogram is population density. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. The Northeast appears largest, and the West appears smallest. Reading a Cartogram Practicing the Skill (cont.)
206. SS Skill Builder 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 3. Compare the cartogram to the map of the United States found in the Atlas. Which region is the most distorted in size compared to a land-area map? 4. Provide a brief explanation for this distortion. The West is the most distorted in size. Population density is low in much of the West. Reading a Cartogram Practicing the Skill (cont.)
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