2. Education andEducation and
newspapersnewspapers
1855, Stamp Duty removed
from newspapers, making them
cheaper to buy. In 1856 there
were 795 newspapers in Britain;
by 1886 there were 2093.
1872, primary education
becomes compulsory in
Scotland (age up to 12).
The Scotsman newspaper
was founded in Edinburgh
in 1817

3. Education andEducation and
newspapersnewspapers
More education enabled
people to read about politics
in newspapers and
pamphlets.
This helped start working
class political campaigns,
which played a role in
bringing about political
change.

4. Education andEducation and
newspapersnewspapers
Newspapers did not focus
entirely on political or social
issues – included gossip too.
Many of the first pupils after
1872 were in their 50s (men)
or 70s (women) before they
could vote. This is clearly not
the only influence.