1. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
MMK 2513
ADVANCED MARINE DESIGN
Impact Of Environmental Protection Requirements
On The Design Of Marine Vehicle
NAME : MOHAMMED ALI AL-MUHANDES
MATRIC No. : MM091250
LECTURER : Mr. AHMAD FUAAD AHMAD SABKI

2. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS ON THE
DESIGN OF MARINE VEHICLE
Marine transport is the nero of the international
trade where 80% of the world merchandise trade in
volume carried by sea . Although it is the most
important type of transport, there are negative
effects on the environment . These effects starting
from the shipbuilding throughout the service until
the ship breaking . Thus, protection of environment
became a global issue and many regulations have
been issued . The regulations include requirements
which impact positively on the design of marine

3. IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS ON THE DESIGN OF MARINE
VEHICLE
1) Ships impact on the environment
2) Regulations to protect the environment as a
global issue
3) Impact of environmental protection
requrements on design of marine vehicle
4) Trend of optimizing green ship building
technology
5) Future ship
6) Conclusion

4. 1) SHIPS IMPACT ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
Construction
Operation
Breaking

5. 1.1) Construction
 Excessive emission of CO2 resulted from
welding of joints, plates and piping
systems
 Heavy material that found in the anti-
fouling paints
 Pent paint removal blasting grit
 Process and bilge water
 Solvents, oily wastes and waste engine
fluids are among the potential pollutants

6. 1.2) Operation
Oil pollution: Operational or accidental
spills of oil or other hazardous cargo can
affect sensitive areas. Effects can impact
the region fisheries impact directly on
tourism may extend to more than a year .
 Ballast water : The threatening of non
indigenous species through ballast water
discharge and The consequences are
getting unusual new generation of marine
species some of them are harmful on

7. Operation
 Emission : Greenhouse gases greatly
affect the temperature of the Earth. The
NOx emissions associated with the
condition and age of engine and Sox is
mostly associated with the fuel quality
 Anti-fouling : antifouling coatings can
leach into the surrounding water and
accumulate benthic organisms . The nature
of the toxicity is chronic and can affect such
functions as morphology , growth and

8. Operation
 Noise pollution: can disturb marine
mammals and fish . There is particular
concern over cetaceans that may
experience disturbance to feeding and
breeding
 Garbage and waste disposal at sea :
accumulated and take a large volume
onboard , the crew tend to throw out this
waste onto open sea
 Ship and boat wash: result in erosion of

9. 1.3) Breaking
 Asbestos : All forms of asbestos are
hazardous, and can cause cancer
 Heavy metals : Found in
paints, coatings, anodes and electrical
equipment . These parts are often dumped
or burnt on the beaches causing
widespread pollution of the area.
 Oil pollution : oil residues and the other
refuses are being spilled and mixed with
soil and water in the beach. Effect on

10. PROTECT THE
ENVIRONMENT AS A
GLOBAL ISSUE
There are many regulations and
conventions which are made by IMO
through its committee MEPC to
protect the environment from shipping
industry lead to innovate new
technologies which result to high
quality of transporting by sea .
Conventions such as:

11. REGULATIONS TO PROTECT THE
ENVIRONMENT AS A GLOBAL
ISSUE
Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of
Pollution by Oil
Annex II: Regulations for the Control of Pollution
by Noxious Liquid Substances in bulk
Annex III: Regulations for the Prevention of
Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in
Packaged Form
Annex IV: Regulations for the Prevention of
Pollution by Sewage from Ships
Annex V: Regulations for the Prevention of

12. REGULATIONS TO PROTECT
THE ENVIRONMENT AS A
GLOBAL ISSUE
Annex VI: Regulations for the Prevention of Air
Pollution from Ships and NOx Technical Code
Ballast Water Management Convention
(BWMC)
International Convention on the Control of
Harmful Anti-fouling System on Ships
Nairobe International Convention on the
Removal of Wrecks

13. 3) IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION ON DESIGN OF MARINE
VEHICLE
Designers are looking with consideration at
the consumption of materials and energy
and the pollution to environment in ship
manufacturing, service and breaking :
 Design for Production period
 Design for Operational period
 Design for Breaking

14. 3.1) Design for Production
period
Designer have to know clearly about production
processes so that he can play a significant role
to :
 Minimize air emissions
 Minimize use of hazardous materials and
environmental contaminates
 Maximize use of recycled and recyclable
material
 Minimize waste and scrap
 Maximize use of rapidly renewable and regional
materials

15. 3.2) Design for Operational
period
The hull and propulsion resistance as much as
possible to increase the ship efficiency
resulting less fuel consumption and
greenhouse emission . In addition to designing
friendly hull and compartments to prevent the
oil and noxious liquid pollution :
Engine Exhaust Gas should be minimum
 CO2 Index (GHG Exhaust) must be lower
 Care should be given to prevent Oil, Noxious

16. .
Fig. illustrates the needs to be addressed while designing
Diesel Engine Exhaust
Low NOx, SOx
Incinerator
Vapor Emission Control System
for Tanker
Bilge-oil Discharge Control
Garbage Disposal
Sewage Treatment
TBT-free Painting
Best Hull Form & Propulsion
Less Fuel Oil Consumption at Sea
Ballast Water Treatment
Green Passport
Less Hazardous Materials
Electric Motor Driven
Deck Machinery
Less Ballast Water
Ship
Low GHG Exhaust
Gray-water Treatment,
etc.
Oil Discharge
Monitoring for Tanker

17. 3.3) Design for Breaking
Planning to recover materials in order to
maximize economic value and minimize
environmental impacts through
subsequent reuse, repair, remanufacture
and recycling, so, some principles should
be strictly followed to perform the this
operation :

18. Design for Breaking
Materials must be documented and methods
for deconstruction
Select materials using the precautionary
principle
Minimize or eliminate chemical connections
Preferring to use bolted, screwed and nailed
connections rather than welding
Separate mechanical, electrical and plumbing
systems

19. 4) TREND OF OPTIMIZING GREEN
SHIP BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
To optimize the marine design system , it
essential to focus on saving materials,
increasing work efficiency and decreasing cost.
For example :
 By optimizing the hull lines the ship speed will
be increased, saving energy and improving the
economic efficiency.
 The optimization of hull structure will increase
the deadweight and improve economic
efficiency.

20. Trend of optimizing green ship
building technology
 The optimization of electric system design will
decrease the length of cables, decrease the
quantity of equipment and increase the quantity
of section prefabrication..
 As long as we emphasize the concept of green
ship design, there will be many methods to be
applied to optimize design.

21. 4.1) Selection of Materials
To reach green shipbuilding, It is essential to
select green materials. This should be laid on
the following :
Innocuous, inoffensive and environment
materials.
 Materials convenient for reclaiming and
materials which can be recycled.
To decrease the quantity of variety and
specification of materials to improve the

22. 4.2) Selection of marine
equipment
The most important factors in selection of marine
equipments is the low energy consumption, low
pollution and high efficiency. For example:
1- Choosing vaporized natural gas as fuel of diesel
engine can save 35 percent of fuel cost and
reduce harmful emission .
2- Electric propulsion system have following
advantages :
Handling facility, good maneuvering
characteristics.
 Low vibration and noise level.

23. Selection of marine
equipment
Small volume, light weight and flexible arrangement.
The ships with electric propulsion system are
equipped with middle-high speed diesel generator
set of small volume and light weight, cancel gear box
and long shafting, etc, general arrangement is
flexible and convenient and easy to enlarge loading
capacity.
 High efficiency. Quantity of diesel generators can be
automatically controlled by electric power managing
system according to the load to ensure the optimal
load condition of the diesel generators. It improves
the efficiency of generator set greatly and saves the

24. Fig. illustrate electric propulsion system

25. 4.3) Improvement of Building
Technique
High quality of welding and finishing leads to lessen the
resistance impact the ship in service which lead to
improve the ship efficiency. There are many points in
this area such as:
Innovation and application of high efficient welding
technology will increase work efficiency, save energy
and slow down pollution .
 The integration of hull construction with outfitting and
painting and innovation and application of ship painting
technology will increase work efficiency, save energy,
decrease waste, slow down pollution and carry out
integrated hull construction, outfitting and painting.

26. Improvement of Building
Technique
 Application of super block lifting technique of
integrated accommodation, engine room, bow, stern
and pump room, etc. will realize extended
manufacturing and parallel working of interim products
to improve work efficiency and save energy .
Application of hull accuracy control technology,
including no-tolerance lifting of blocks, expanding no-
tolerance laying-off, increasing the accuracy of block
manufacturing, effectively controlling the deviation of
hull principle dimensions will improve work efficiency,
save energy and decrease pollution and waste .
Application of secondary steel nesting technology to

27. 5) FUTURE SHIP
The energy gotten from the sun, wind and
the waves. The main consideration of
future ship are :
 Using the sun, wind and waves to employ
multiple energy generators that include
fuel cells.
 Optimizing cargo capacity and lowering
energy consumption per transported unit.
 Taking into consideration other
environmental challenges.

28. Future green ship

29. Solar energy

30. Wind energy

31. Wave energy

32. Light weight materials
The hull of this friendly ship made of
aluminium and thermoplastic composite
materials which offer these distinct
advantages over common carbon steels :
High tensile strength
Less maintenance
Easy to shape
Lightweight
Fatigue resistant

33. 6) CONCLUSION
Apparently the requirements to protect
the environment have positive impact
on designing marine vehicle . As
environment becomes a global issue,
saving our plant for now days and
next generations is essential . For that
reason, there are many regulations
issued . These regulations create
innovation and excite the minds of

34. References :
1) Green flsgship from http://www.2wglobal.com/www/pdf/Green_Flagship.pdf on
25/9/2010
2) Green ship technology book, 2nd edition April 2010, from
http://emec.eu/green/downloadok.asp
3) Green vessel design , by Joseph Payne, Pe, Leed Ap, from
www.nsrp.org/...Panels/...Design.../060408_Green%20Vessel%20Design_Payne.p
df on 22/10/2010
4) Impact of Environmental Protection Requirements on the design of marine vehicles
by Mohammad Mobassher - Bin –Tofa UTM master student MMK2513
5) International maritime organization main web site on-conventions 25/9/2010
6) Marine environment issues in shipping and ports from marine safety MMK2823 note
book 2009.
7) Ship breaking activities and its impacts on the coastal zones from
http://www.ypsa.org/publications/Impact.pdf on 26/10/2010
8) Shipbuilding and ship repair from
http://www.pprc.org/hubs/keyword_search.cfm?hub=32&subsec=7 on 21/10/2010
9) Ship hull performance technology from
www.subind.net/web/doc/Newsletter_maart09.pdf on 23/9/2010
10) "Ship Recycling Convention - What does it require shipbuilders to do?" (PDF/1.5
MB). Forum Item- 4 Ballast Water Management Convention and Current Technology
on 22/10/2010
11) The Development Trend of Green Ship Building Technology from
http://www.asef2007.com/pdf/document_2nd/14 General on 23/9/2010
12) Understanding current environmental issues and their impacts on ship design from
http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/44288 - 18k on 24/10/2010