The document discusses different types of optical, inductive, capacitive, and magnetic sensors. It provides diagrams of various sensor configurations including retroreflective and diffuse optical sensors, inductive proximity sensors using magnetic fields, capacitive sensors for liquid level detection, and reed switches. Application examples are given for position, presence, and proximity detection.

2. Optical – Induc Capacitive
Through-beam tive
Optical – Retro- Reed
reflective switch Symb
ols
Optical - Inductive
Diffuse magnetic

4. Transmitte Receiver
r

5. Transmitte Receiver
r

6. Targ
et
Transmitte Receiver
r

7. Transmitte Receiver
r

8. Transmitte Receiver
r

9. Transmit Receiv
ter er

10. Transmit Receiv
ter er

11. Transmit Receiv
ter er

12. Transmitte Receiver
r

13. Transmitte Receiver
r

14. Targ
et
Transmitte Receiver
r

17. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismati
c)

18. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

19. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismati
c)

20. Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
Type : Retro reflective Target
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic
)

21. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

22. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

23. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

24. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

25. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

26. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

27. T
Transmitter R
/Receiver
Reflector
(prismatic)

29. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse

30. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse Target
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

31. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

32. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

33. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

34. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

35. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

36. Optical sensors (Diffuse)
Type : Diffuse
T
Transmitter R
/Receiver

39. High frequency magnetic
field (300 to 800 kHz)
Active
surface
Resonant
circuit coil
LED
indicator
Connection
cable

40. Targ
et
Sensor
Oscill
ation
Amplit
ude
Sens ON
or OFF
outp

41. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

42. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

43. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

44. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

45. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

46. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

47. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

48. Target
Sensor
Oscillation
Amplitude
Sensor ON
output
signal OFF

51. Glass Tube filled
Reed LED
with nitrogen contact indicator
s

53. Reed switch

54. Reed switch

58. 24v

59. 24v

63. Connection Resonant High LED
cable circuit coil frequency Indicator
magnetic
field

73. Sensor is looking Electrostatic
for a change in field
capacitance in the Active
active field surface
Active
electrode
Earth
electrode
LED
indicator
Adjusting
screw
Connection
cable

74. Target

79. Sensor is adjusted so
that it does not ‘see’
the wall of the
vessel.

80. As the level
rises the fluid
affects the
sensor field.

81. Until the
sensor
switches.

82. • Potentiometers (Pots)

85. Optical Rotary Encoders:

88. •Disadvantages:

99. Inducti
ve
Capaci
+ 18 to 30 Volts
DC.
tive
Opti
Output cal
Magn
etic
Ultra
sonic
0V Normall
y open
Normally
closed

100. Capacitive Sensor with
Normally open function
+ 18 to 30 Volts
DC.
Output
0V

101. Sensor connection

102. Sensor connection
24v
DC
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC
PNP Type
• Output is Positive Output
• Positive switching
0V
0v

103. Sensor connection
24v
DC
+ 18 to 30 Volts DC
NPN Type
• Output switches
Output
through to 0v
• Negative switching
0V
0v