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Entomology by dr najeeb
Entomology by dr najeeb
EntomologyEntomology
BY:
DR: NAJEEB MEMON
Wingless Insects
• More than 750,000
species of insects
worldwide.
. Approximately 10,000
species of insects
are harmful to
humans.
Arthropods of Medical ImportanceArthropods of Medical Importance
Winged InsectsWinged Insects
Wingless InsectsWingless Insects
CLASS ARTHROPODS Characteristics Features
Body
Division
Legs Antennae Wings Where
Found
1,
Insecta
Mosquitoes
Flies
Human Lice
Fleas
Louse
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
3 Pairs 1 Pair 1 or 2 pairs
Some are
wingless
On Land
2,
Arachnida
Ticks
(Soft, Hard)
Mites
Cephaloth
orax &
Abd:
(No
division
In some
cases)
4 Pairs None None On Land
3,
Crustacea
Cyclops Cephaloth
orax &
Abd:
5 Pairs 2 Pairs None In Water
4,Chilopoda
WINGES WINGLESSWINGES WINGLESS
WINGES WINGLESS
1. Mosquito (C.M) 1. Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis) (C.M)
2. Housefly (Musca Domestica) (C.M) 2. Louse (Pediculus humanis) (I.M)
3. Sand fly (Phlebotomus) (C.M) 3. Tick (I.M)
4. Tse Tse fly (Glossina) 4. Mites (Chiggers) (I.M)
5. Black fly 5. Red Bug (I.M)
6. Cockroach
7. Rudivid Bugs
Others:- Blue, Green flies
WINGED INSECTS
Sand fly
Tse Tse
fly
Black fly
Cockroach
Rudivid Bugs
Ticks
Mites
Fleas
Red Bugs
WINGLESS INSECTS
Transmission of Arthropod borne diseasesTransmission of Arthropod borne diseases
TransmissionsTransmissions
Direct Contact
From man to man
Scabies
pediculosis
Direct Contact
From man to man
Scabies
pediculosis
Mechanical
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Typhoid
Trachoma
Mechanical
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Typhoid
Trachoma
BiologicalBiological
Propagative
Only multiplication
No developmental
Plague bacilli in rat
Flea
Yellow f virus in Aedes mosq:
Propagative
Only multiplication
No developmental
Plague bacilli in rat
Flea
Yellow f virus in Aedes mosq:
Cyclo propagative
Multiplication
developmental
Malaria parasites in
mosquito
Cyclo propagative
Multiplication
developmental
Malaria parasites in
mosquito
Cyclodevelopmental
No multiplication
developmental
Filaria parasite
In mosquito
Guinea worm embryo in cyclops
Cyclodevelopmental
No multiplication
developmental
Filaria parasite
In mosquito
Guinea worm embryo in cyclops
Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
Egg - Larvae- Pupae- AdultEgg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult
E.g:- Mosquito, Fly, Flea
Complete Metamorphosis
Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis
E.g:-
Louse,
Ticks
Egg- nymph- adult
IncompleteIncomplete
INCOMPLETEINCOMPLETE
METAMORPHOUSMETAMORPHOUS
Insects change
shape gradually!
Why study of this is important?Why study of this is important?
1 Mosquito Malaria, Filaria, JE, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever
Chikungunya
2 Housefly Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea & Dysentery, Poliomyelitis,
Gastroenteritis, Trachoma, Amob:
3 Sand fly Kala- azar, Oriental sore, sand fly fever
4 Tse tse fly Sleeping sickness
5 Cockroaches Enteric pathogens
6 Black fly Onchocerciasis
7 Reduviid Bugs Chagas disease
8 Rat flea Bubonic Plague, Endemic typhus, chiggerosis
9 Louse Epidemic Typhus, Relapsing fever, trench fever
10 Tick (Hard ) Tick typhus, Viral hemorg: fever, tularemia
11
12
Tick (Soft )
Itch mite
Q fever, Relapsing fever
Scabies
Fleas (Gliding b/w hair & feathers of host)
Found in Holes, Fissures, Furniture.
(Complete Metamorphosis)
Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
Types:
1. Rat fleas ( Xenopsylla Cheopis)
(Oriental)
2. Human fleas (Pulex irritants) – Cosmopolitan in distribution
3. Dog & Cat fleas (Ctenocephalus canis)
4. Sand fleas (Tunga penetrans)
Act as a Passive carrier of
Pasterurella pestis
responsible for
Plague & Murine typhus
Entomology by dr najeeb
Diseases:
1. Bubonic Plague,
2. Endemic (Murine) typhus,
3. Chiggerosis
4. Tularemia (in Rodents) act as Intermediate host
Preventive Measures:
1. Hygienic control
2. Destroy Rats
3. Rats Proofing / Catch through nets/ use Jalis
4. Rats Sterile (Use chemicals ZnSo4 , DDT, Gammexane)
5. Rat Run Spray
6. Burry the rats
7. Check up of Pet animals (Dogs & Cats)
2. Louse
(Pediculus humanis)
TYPES:
1.Head louse (Pediculus Capitus)
2.Body Louse (Pediculus Coroporais)
3.Pubic Louse (Phthirus Pubis)
Pediculosis: Louse infestation (Lousy Person)
DISEASES: Louse Born Typhus ( Epidemic Typhus) Rickettsia
Rowazekii
Relapsing Fever
Trench Fever (Rickettsia quantana)
No infection there, only small breech in skin causing swelling /
irritation
Then louse burst.
Body louse
Very sensitive to heat
Keep clothes to heat / boiling water.
Preventive Measures:
Keep the hair short
Combing
Manual removing
Hot bath
Anti lice shampoo / soaps
Use Coopex (Anti louse)
International Rules: (Health Regulation)
For Afghanistan to Pak (in Winter Season)
DDT Dusting (Through Gun (DDT bag)----- burst----DDT Dusting
(For controlling Louse & Typhus Fever)
Ironing of Cloth (Delouse).
Mite (Itch mite)Mite (Itch mite)
Scabies
Burrows
Prev: Measures:
1.Benzyl Benzoate
2.Tetmosol
3.Sulphur Ointment
TicksTicks
• Hard Tick:
Tick typhus, tularemia Viral
fever,
Soft Tick:
Q fever,
Relapsing fever
Types: Hard Tick
Soft Tick
Preventive Measures:
1. Insecticidal Control (DDT, Lindane)
2. Env: Control: Paths should be filled up
3. Protective clothes
(With repellent, Indalone
Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control
• 1. ENVIRONMENTAL
• 2. CHEMICAL
• 3. BIOLOGICAL
• 4. GENETIC
• 5. NEWER METHODS
Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control
1. Environmental Control
• Elimination of breeding places
• Filling & Drainage operation
• Proper disposal of refuse &
water management
• Health education & cleanliness
in & around homes
2. Chemical control:
• BY insecticides like DDT
3. Biological Control:
• Use of Larvi vorous fish
4. Genetic Control:
• Sterile male technique
• Chromosomal translocations
• Cytoplasmic incompatibility
5. Newer Methods:
• Insect growth regulators
• Sex attractants or Pheromones
• Chemosterilants
Malaria ControlMalaria Control 1. Environmental Control
Elimination of breeding
places
Filling & Drainage operation
Proper disposal of refuse &
water management
Health education &
cleanliness in & around
homes
2. Chemical Control2. Chemical Control
3. Biological Control3. Biological Control
By Larvi vorous Fish
4. Genetic Control:4. Genetic Control:
• Sterile male technique ( Reproduction)
• Chromosomal translocations
( Breaking down of chromosomes )
• Cytoplasmic incompatibility
(Sperms , egg unable to form viable offsprings)
5. Newer Methods5. Newer Methods
• Insect growth regulator
(Adulticide)
Chemosterilants
( chemical compound causes reproductive
sterility )
Entomology by dr najeeb

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Entomology by dr najeeb

  • 4. • More than 750,000 species of insects worldwide. . Approximately 10,000 species of insects are harmful to humans.
  • 5. Arthropods of Medical ImportanceArthropods of Medical Importance Winged InsectsWinged Insects Wingless InsectsWingless Insects CLASS ARTHROPODS Characteristics Features Body Division Legs Antennae Wings Where Found 1, Insecta Mosquitoes Flies Human Lice Fleas Louse Head Thorax Abdomen 3 Pairs 1 Pair 1 or 2 pairs Some are wingless On Land 2, Arachnida Ticks (Soft, Hard) Mites Cephaloth orax & Abd: (No division In some cases) 4 Pairs None None On Land 3, Crustacea Cyclops Cephaloth orax & Abd: 5 Pairs 2 Pairs None In Water 4,Chilopoda
  • 6. WINGES WINGLESSWINGES WINGLESS WINGES WINGLESS 1. Mosquito (C.M) 1. Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis) (C.M) 2. Housefly (Musca Domestica) (C.M) 2. Louse (Pediculus humanis) (I.M) 3. Sand fly (Phlebotomus) (C.M) 3. Tick (I.M) 4. Tse Tse fly (Glossina) 4. Mites (Chiggers) (I.M) 5. Black fly 5. Red Bug (I.M) 6. Cockroach 7. Rudivid Bugs Others:- Blue, Green flies
  • 7. WINGED INSECTS Sand fly Tse Tse fly Black fly Cockroach Rudivid Bugs
  • 9. Transmission of Arthropod borne diseasesTransmission of Arthropod borne diseases TransmissionsTransmissions Direct Contact From man to man Scabies pediculosis Direct Contact From man to man Scabies pediculosis Mechanical Diarrhea Dysentery Typhoid Trachoma Mechanical Diarrhea Dysentery Typhoid Trachoma BiologicalBiological Propagative Only multiplication No developmental Plague bacilli in rat Flea Yellow f virus in Aedes mosq: Propagative Only multiplication No developmental Plague bacilli in rat Flea Yellow f virus in Aedes mosq: Cyclo propagative Multiplication developmental Malaria parasites in mosquito Cyclo propagative Multiplication developmental Malaria parasites in mosquito Cyclodevelopmental No multiplication developmental Filaria parasite In mosquito Guinea worm embryo in cyclops Cyclodevelopmental No multiplication developmental Filaria parasite In mosquito Guinea worm embryo in cyclops
  • 10. Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis Egg - Larvae- Pupae- AdultEgg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT
  • 11. Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult E.g:- Mosquito, Fly, Flea
  • 15. Why study of this is important?Why study of this is important? 1 Mosquito Malaria, Filaria, JE, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever Chikungunya 2 Housefly Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea & Dysentery, Poliomyelitis, Gastroenteritis, Trachoma, Amob: 3 Sand fly Kala- azar, Oriental sore, sand fly fever 4 Tse tse fly Sleeping sickness 5 Cockroaches Enteric pathogens 6 Black fly Onchocerciasis 7 Reduviid Bugs Chagas disease 8 Rat flea Bubonic Plague, Endemic typhus, chiggerosis 9 Louse Epidemic Typhus, Relapsing fever, trench fever 10 Tick (Hard ) Tick typhus, Viral hemorg: fever, tularemia 11 12 Tick (Soft ) Itch mite Q fever, Relapsing fever Scabies
  • 16. Fleas (Gliding b/w hair & feathers of host) Found in Holes, Fissures, Furniture. (Complete Metamorphosis) Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult Types: 1. Rat fleas ( Xenopsylla Cheopis) (Oriental) 2. Human fleas (Pulex irritants) – Cosmopolitan in distribution 3. Dog & Cat fleas (Ctenocephalus canis) 4. Sand fleas (Tunga penetrans) Act as a Passive carrier of Pasterurella pestis responsible for Plague & Murine typhus
  • 18. Diseases: 1. Bubonic Plague, 2. Endemic (Murine) typhus, 3. Chiggerosis 4. Tularemia (in Rodents) act as Intermediate host Preventive Measures: 1. Hygienic control 2. Destroy Rats 3. Rats Proofing / Catch through nets/ use Jalis 4. Rats Sterile (Use chemicals ZnSo4 , DDT, Gammexane) 5. Rat Run Spray 6. Burry the rats 7. Check up of Pet animals (Dogs & Cats)
  • 19. 2. Louse (Pediculus humanis) TYPES: 1.Head louse (Pediculus Capitus) 2.Body Louse (Pediculus Coroporais) 3.Pubic Louse (Phthirus Pubis) Pediculosis: Louse infestation (Lousy Person) DISEASES: Louse Born Typhus ( Epidemic Typhus) Rickettsia Rowazekii Relapsing Fever Trench Fever (Rickettsia quantana) No infection there, only small breech in skin causing swelling / irritation Then louse burst. Body louse
  • 20. Very sensitive to heat Keep clothes to heat / boiling water. Preventive Measures: Keep the hair short Combing Manual removing Hot bath Anti lice shampoo / soaps Use Coopex (Anti louse) International Rules: (Health Regulation) For Afghanistan to Pak (in Winter Season) DDT Dusting (Through Gun (DDT bag)----- burst----DDT Dusting (For controlling Louse & Typhus Fever) Ironing of Cloth (Delouse).
  • 21. Mite (Itch mite)Mite (Itch mite) Scabies Burrows Prev: Measures: 1.Benzyl Benzoate 2.Tetmosol 3.Sulphur Ointment
  • 22. TicksTicks • Hard Tick: Tick typhus, tularemia Viral fever, Soft Tick: Q fever, Relapsing fever Types: Hard Tick Soft Tick Preventive Measures: 1. Insecticidal Control (DDT, Lindane) 2. Env: Control: Paths should be filled up 3. Protective clothes (With repellent, Indalone
  • 23. Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control • 1. ENVIRONMENTAL • 2. CHEMICAL • 3. BIOLOGICAL • 4. GENETIC • 5. NEWER METHODS
  • 24. Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control 1. Environmental Control • Elimination of breeding places • Filling & Drainage operation • Proper disposal of refuse & water management • Health education & cleanliness in & around homes 2. Chemical control: • BY insecticides like DDT 3. Biological Control: • Use of Larvi vorous fish 4. Genetic Control: • Sterile male technique • Chromosomal translocations • Cytoplasmic incompatibility 5. Newer Methods: • Insect growth regulators • Sex attractants or Pheromones • Chemosterilants
  • 25. Malaria ControlMalaria Control 1. Environmental Control Elimination of breeding places Filling & Drainage operation Proper disposal of refuse & water management Health education & cleanliness in & around homes
  • 26. 2. Chemical Control2. Chemical Control
  • 27. 3. Biological Control3. Biological Control By Larvi vorous Fish
  • 28. 4. Genetic Control:4. Genetic Control: • Sterile male technique ( Reproduction) • Chromosomal translocations ( Breaking down of chromosomes ) • Cytoplasmic incompatibility (Sperms , egg unable to form viable offsprings)
  • 29. 5. Newer Methods5. Newer Methods • Insect growth regulator (Adulticide) Chemosterilants ( chemical compound causes reproductive sterility )