UNIT 7: PREHISTORY

1. UNIT 7. PREHISTORY
MARINO MAQUEDA

2. K-W-L CHART
PREHISTORY

3. WHAT DO YOU ALREADY
KNOW??
● What do they look like?
● Shall you date them?
● What are their features?
Are there more similiarities or
differences?

4. 1. AGES AND SOURCES OF
PREHISTORY

5. WHAT PERIOD IS LONGER?
History is divided into two big eras: BC (Before Christ) and AD (Anno Domini)

6. PREHISTORY TIMELINE
Prehistory is divided into three stages depending on the tools used by
human beings.

7. PREHISTORY TIMELINE
● CREATE A TIMELINE AND PUT IN ORDER THE
FOLLOWING PREHISTORICAL EVENTS IN A
TIMELINE (look at you book's page 104)
NEOLITHIC
METAL AGES
PALAEOLITHIC

8. PREHISTORY TIMELINE
●
ADD THE DATES OF THE BEGINNING AND
THE END TO EACH STAGE.............
100000 B.C.
4,4 MILLION YEARS AGO B.C.
4500 BC
1000 BC

9. PREHISTORY TIMELINE
●
ADD TO EACH DATE THE CORRESPONDING
HISTORICAL EVENT.....
FIRST HUMAN BEINGS APPEARED
EMERGENCE OF AGRICULTURE
DISCOVERY OF METALWORKING

10. SOURCES OF PREHISTORY
● Where do the information about prehistory
came from?
REMEMBER THAT WRITING
WASN'T INVENTED UNTIL
AROUND 3000 B.C.

11. SOURCES OF PREHISTORY
● MATERIALS AND HUMAN REMAINS
– BONES
– TOOLS
– POTTERY
Most of them are found buried underground.
Prehistorians have to carry out ARCHAEOLOGICAL
EXCAVATIONS:
-Every item found is dated and record it .
How does archaeology work?

12. SOURCES OF PREHISTORY
● What do archaeologists do?
● What is the intention of finding artifacts?
● Name two kind of task archaeologist do...

15. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF
HUMAN BEINGS
THEORY OF EVOLUTION
set out by Charles Darwin!
What happened before history?
HUMAN BEINGS EVOLVED FROM PRIMATES

16. WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRY?
● WARM UP = ROLE PLAY
● BIPEDALISM
● EXTRACS FROM THE FILM:
● AN ODYSSEY OF AN SPECIE
la odisea de la especie
Family that walk on all four

17. HUMAN BEING APE
_______________________
● SKULL
● SPINE
● ARMS
● HANDS
● PELVIS
● LEGS
● FACIAL
FEATURES
What are the physical differences between a chimpanzee and a
human?
HOMINID
OR
PRIMATE

19. BIPED VS QUADRUPED
What have given to use the change of walking mode?

20. HUMAN EVOLUTION AND ITS
SATAGES
● Defining a concept....
– When defining a concept we should be sure to answer
the
– What it is?
– What does it consist of?;
– When did it appear or occured?;
– Where does it took place?
– Why it is important?
For example: HOMINISATION PROCESS
ACTIVITY: DEFINE THE FOLLOWING CONCEPT
-Australopithecus -Theory of evolution:

21. HUMAN EVOLUTION AND ITS
SATAGES
– What it is? It is a process
– What does it consist of?; in which hominids acquired their own
features over a long period of time
– When did it appear or occured?; It occurred between 4.4. and 7
mya.
– Where does it took place? In Africa, in The Rift Valley.
HOMINISATION
Hominisation is the process in which hominids acquired their
features over a long period of time. It occurred between 4.4. - 7
mya in Africa, specifically in The Rift Valley.

22. ARDIPITHECUS

24. HOMO NALEDI – A NEW HOMINID FOUND IN
2015 IN SOUTHAFRICA

25. Working WITH TEXTS
WHO?
WHEN?
WHERE?
WHAT?
WHY?
Once upon a time, around 2 mill. Years ago,
a little hominid in central africa was looking
at a stone with a strange shape. He took it
and cut himself with it in his hand. He
realized that the stone could cut, suddenly
a snake appeared, and as a reflect act he
used the tool to protect himself and he
killed the snake. He discovered that stones
could be used for other purposes.

26. LIFE IN THE PALAEOLITHIC
PERIOD
From the appearance of the
first hominids (around 4,4 mya
– 2,5 mya, to the discovery of
agriculture and livestock
farming, in 10000 B.C.

27. ● During the paleolithic took place the hominisation, in
other words, every specie of homind lives in the
longest period of history.
How was their daily life?
As you already know, they had different lifestyles ,
however, they shared some aspects of their daily life,
for example:
– PREDATORY ECONOMY: based on HUNTING,
FISHING AND COLLETING FRUIT.
– NOMADIC LIFESTYLE: They didn't live in the same
place, they were moving following the animals they
hunted.
– What were their homes?
LIFE IN THE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD
HUTS OR TENTS → WARM
CLIMATE
CAVES → COLD CLIMATE

28. Homo habilis was called as “hábil → clever or skillfull” due
to their capacity to create tools.
● What were the technological constributions and inventions done
by the paleolithic communities?
– STONE TOOLS
LIFE IN THE PALAEOLITHIC
HAND AXE – BIFAZ (spanish)
ARROW HEADS – PUNTAS DE FLECHA
BURIN – BURIL

29. SCRAPERS – RASPADORES
HAND AXE – BIFAZ
WHAT WERE THEY
USED FOR ???????

30. PALEOLITHIC KNIVES – CUCHILLOS
STONE BALL
WHAT WERE THEY
USED FOR ???????

31. 22/02/18

HARPOONS - ARPONES
FISH HOOKS – ANZUELOS
NEEDLES – AGUJAS
ASSAGAI – AZAGAYA
TOOLS MADE OF BONES OR ANTLERS (ASTA)

32. During the palaeolithic, Homo Erectus did one of
the main discoveries off all time → FIRE
It provided:
1) Light
2) Heat
3) Protection
against
animals (it
frightened
savage
animals)
4) It enabled humans to cook food and dry animals hides
YOU OWE A LOT TO HOMO ERECTUS !!!!!!!!!!

33. SOCIETY
- Tribal society: groups of 20 – 30 memberships linked by family ties.
- They have specific roles distributed by gendre:
Men: hunting, fishing, protection against animals or others.
Women: Preparing clothing, gathering fruits, preparing food..
There were
specific jobs,
usually
carried out by
important
members,
such us
-Painter
(artist)
-Shaman
(priest)
-Healer
(curandero)

34. LIFE IN THE PALAEOLITHIC
Religious beliefs and spiritual life:
BELIEF IN THE POWER OF
NATURAL ELEMENTS (The Sun,
The Moon, the Starts..)
MAGIC RITUALS: in order to gain
Protection from danger..
VENERATION OF THE DEAD:
Funeral rites, buried along with
weapons, adornments, amulets.
This indicates
A belief in a life
after life... Burial offering (ajuar
funerario) in Sungir (Russia).
Addornaments made of
bones.

35. Cave Art in Altamira (Cantabria-Spain)
Willendorf Venus
Homo Sapiens was the only hominid
capable of creating art pieces. These are
two of the main artistic remains from
paleolithic

36. PORTABLE ART
Made of stone, bone or
ivory
Baton of command
(bastón de mando)
Spear Thrower
(propulsor)
Shell adornments
Flute with engravings

37. FIRST SCUPLTURES
Venus figures:
-small statues of
women
-Really detailed
feminine attributes.
These figures could
indicate a form of
worship focused on
FERTILITY. (fecundity,
shamanic rites...)
There's not an
agreement of their use..
So.. what do you think?

38. CAVE PAINTINGPaintings undertaken in the
ceilings and walls of caves.
There are two types of cave
paintings:
-Animal representations:
(bison, horses, deers,
mammoths.
-Schematic drawn human
beings in scenes of
hunting, rituals, dancing.
Some emblems such as:
hands or vulvas.
Cave art in Lascaux (France)

39. There's not a define
meaning of these
works. However, it is
thought that they were
related to religious
rituals, or remains of
importants events
(ceremonies),
Where have been found the major part
of cave paintings????
● Use of different colours
(polychrom)
● Realism in animals
● Colours applied with
fingers and paintbrushes
made of animals hair.
Ceiling of Altamira's cave

40. LIFE IN THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD
NEOLITHIC
PALEOLITHIC
NEOLITHIC
10.000 B.C.
5000 B.C.8000 B.C.

41. ● Why did agriculture appear?
● Where did agriculture and livestock farming appear?
● Why nomands societies had to travel all the time?
●
Why some humans had to settle down in the fertile crescent?
From Hunters to Farmers

42. ● Where did agriculture and livestock farming appear?

43. Why do we call to this change in their lifestyles a “revolutiton”?

44. LIFE IN THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD
SOCIETIES DEVELOPED A PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY
LIVESTOCK
FARMING
AGRICULTURE
THOSE SOCIETIES STARTED TO BE
SEDENTARY: AS WE LIVE NOWADAYS
Neolithic means new stone:
They created grinding or
polishing tools

45. LIFE IN THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD
Tools for Agriculture activities
Polished axes
Sickle (hoz)
Pestles and
Mortars (morteros)
Neolithic polished
arrowheads

46. INVENTIONS DURING NEOLITHIC
Pottery – Cerámica.
To store food reserves and to cook.
-Woven textiles made from linen or
wool.

47. SOCIETY
-More inhabitants per
community
-Emergence of leaders
and rulers
-Specialised workers:
leaders who organize,
artisians (weavers,
potters, farmers,
herdsmen...
ART:
-Cave paintins became
smaller, more schematic
and representing human
being activities:
ceremonies, hunting
scenes...

49. Create a mind map of the
Neolithic period

50. During the neolithic was discovered
the way to make textiles woven on
rudimentary looms.
Looms → Telares

51. LIFE IN THE COPPER, BRONZE AND IRON AGES
Around 4500 BC
the discovery of
metallurgy
appeared. And it
continued until
1000 BC.
The metal ages are divided
into 3 stages depending on the
metalworking.
- COPPER AGE
- BRONZE AGE
- IRON AGE
It started in the
Fertile Crescent.

52. LIFE IN THE COPPER, BRONZE AND IRON AGES
a) Meera and Yeken were two siblings living in Samarra between the
Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Desert. They lived in a fortified village
because they had to protect their most valuable asset, a copper mine. Their
parents were artisians, they created adornments.
b) Mazen is 12, she was born in 2018 B.C. She lives in Uruk and works as a
trader between the Fertile Crescent and Western Europe, she tries to change
copper in exchange of tin, an extremely necessary raw material for her
community. Her closest friend, Mauwa is in charge of the oven in the village,
with the ally of those materials she makes swords, arrows, helmets for the
warriors, as well as, sickles or drinking vessels for farmers.
c) In Hallstat, a big town close to the Danube, in Central Europe, around 1200
B.C. a group of warriors are going to use for first time a new type of sword: iron
swords, which seems to be more resistant. The weapons are carried in a cart
pulled by animals. The cart has two wheels. But they are going to expand their
territories far away, they need to move in large distances with a new invention: a
piece of material extended on a mast to catch the wind and propel the boat
faster.
Read the texts and answer the questions for each one:
1)Who are else? 4)What are the economic activities mentioned?
2) When did it happen? 5)What are the inventions appeared?
3)Where are they living? 6)Link each text to a metal age stage.

53. THE METAL AGES TIMELINE
4500 BC 1000 BC
COPPER AGE
BRONZE AGE
IRON AGE
2000 B.C.
3000 B.C.
1200 B.C.

54. LIFE IN THE METAL AGES
Economy:
● Agriculture
● Livestock farming
● Artisian production
● Pottery
● Clothes
● Metal working
● Trade → due to the need
to obtain different metals,
they exchanged products.

55. THE APPEARANCE OF TRADE
Usually the routes were from the Fertile Crescent to Western and
Central Europe.
These are the metal routes. They were developed to find different
metals.

56. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
HOW METAL TOOLS
WERE MADE?
How to make bronze tools?Foundry

57. METAL TOOLS
Bronze swords Agricultural tools made of copper
Bronze bowl

58. Weapons made of iron
Bronze drinking vessel
The Iberian falcata (made of iron)

59. INVENTIONS The Sail facilitated the development of trade
The plough → El arado. Usually
pulled by donkes or oxens.
The wheel enable the invention of the cart

60. so
Ancient mesopotamian citiy during the Bronze Age
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS
● Population increased, as a result, villages became small cities.
● Those cities constructed walls for defensive puroposes.
● New roles emerged: metalworkers, traders, sea merchants, etc.
● It's the beginning of social status according to their power or
profession.
Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel – C. Real)

61. MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS
WHAT ARE THEY?
They are the first forms of architecture, created by large stones
They started to being used at the end of the Neolithic and during
The Copper, Bronze and iron ages.
What were they
used for?
DOLMEN
MENHIR

62. An isolated and unique
large stone placed
verticallly in the ground is
called: MENHIR.
At times, menhirs are set
out in a row, forming a
STONE ROW
Their exactly function is still unknown
Some hypothesis suggest....
● They could be used to marking the territory
● Or a form of worship of the sun
● A graveyard, or a memorial for someone.
● What do you think ???????

63. Group of Stone rows in Carnac (France)
ANY SIMILARITY?

64. DOLMENS
Are chambers formed of large
vertical stones roofed over with
horizontal stones
They were used as burial
chambers
Some dolmens have a long
corridor known as Corridor
tombs.

65. CROMLECH
Menhirs placed in a circle. The
best known example is
Stonehenge in The U. Kingdom
They could have been used as
sanctuaries
FIRST
CATHEDRALS???
STONEHENGE

66. ARTIFACT ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
● TYPE OF ARTIFACT
● SPECIAL QUIALITIES OF THE ARTIFACT
● USES OF THE ARTIFACT
● WHAT DOES THE ARTIFACT TELL US?

67. MICRO TEACHING ACTIVITY
10 IMAGES ARE SHOWN
THEY NEED TO COMPLETE THE CHART:
●
ARTIFACT WHAT IS IT? IN WHAT
PRESHISTORIC
STAGE COULD
BE CREATED?
WHAT MIGHT IT
HAD BEEN
USED FOR?

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