1. Wednesday, November 16, 2011
Literature:
1. Wrap-up of Short Story Unit
2. Introduction to Novel Unit

2. Housekeeping
• Exam on Monday
• Last chance to do missed in-class short story
assignments is Thursday and Friday. See me.
• School Christmas party Dec. 13th, from 12-2
p.m.

3. Wrap-up of Plot Activity
You should have
• Fiction Terms
• All three stories
I will give you
• Your group’s work so far
• Markers

4. Groups
A – Heart C – Summer E – Wedding
Chanel Grace Ysaura
Hossein Aiko Merhzad
Ioannis Maha Arezoo
Shala Iman
F – Wedding
B – Heart D – Summer Kasra
Sandra L Shun Sandra S
Estella Raana Omid
Manochehr Dominic

5. Plot Analysis Activity
1. In your group, continue to work on determining
the plot points for your assigned story.
REMEMBER: if there is disagreement, try to go with
the consensus.
2. You have 20 minutes to record the group’s ideas
on your chart in point form
3. Then, I will ask you to present your ideas to
another group.
4. Together, decide how you will present the ideas
(everyone should take part in some way)

6. Group Presentations
A – Heart  D – Summer
Chanel Shun
Hossein Raana
Ioannis Dominic
Shala
B – Heart  E – Wedding
Sandra L Ysaura
Estella Merhzad
Manochehr Arezoo
C – Summer  F – Wedding
Grace Kasra
Aiko Sandra S
Maha Omid
Iman

7. Novel Study Introduction
• Choice of Three Novels
• Sign-up Sheet
• Novel Study Outline
• Novel Study Handouts
• Website Information

8. More Literary Elements
• The following slides contain more detailed
information about some of the elements on the
Fiction Terms handout.
• You will be expected to understand these
elements generally and be able to identify them
in fill-in-the-blank or matching type of questions.
• There will not be a literary analysis question on
theme this time.

9. Discovering Theme
• What kind of person is the protagonist?
• What kind of conflicts does she/he face?
• How does she/he attempt to overcome those
conflicts?
• What is the outcome of those conflicts?
• What general statement might the author be
making about people who are similar to the
narrator?

10. Stating a Theme
Make a general statement that refers to people or
life in general.
x NOT: The main character lied to his boss
because he felt his loyalty to his wife was
more important than the company’s
success.
BUT: Sometimes people will lie to protect their
loved ones.

11. Supporting a Theme Statement
• State the theme
• Explain the conflicts related to the theme
• Describe how the protagonist attempts to
overcome those conflicts
• Explain the outcome of the conflict and how it
shows what the author might be saying about
people/life in general (the theme)
• Along the way, explain any other story details
that reinforce the theme

12. Example
One theme of “Romeo and Juliet” is that Romantic love can be
beautiful and ennobling. The love between Romeo and Juliet is
sublimely beautiful. Not only do they feel deeply for each other,
but they also respect each other. Neither attempts to impose his
or her will on the other; neither places his or her welfare above
the other. Realizing that love and lust are not the same, they
prize each other spiritually as well as physically. Therefore,
meeting in secret from time to time to gratify their powerful
sexual desires without the permanent commitment of marriage
is out of the question. Such an arrangement would cheapen their
relationship; it would reduce their love to a mere bestial craving.
Consequently, at great risk, they decide to sanctify their
relationship with a marriage ceremony binding them to eternal
love. Theirs is no Hollywood marriage for three months or three
years, based on selfish sexual gratification; theirs is a marriage
meant for eternity, based on unselfish commitment to the
spouse.
http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/xRomeoJul.html#Themes

13. Discovering Theme
• http://www.slideshare.net/kjhatzi/theme-in-
literature-2135936
• http://www.slideshare.net/mdix25/theme-in-
literature

14. Irony
Irony is a device used by writers to show
something different from what is expected.
There are three types of irony:
• Situational Irony
• Dramatic Irony
• Verbal Irony

15. Situational Irony
This is the most common type of irony. In this case, there
is a difference between appearance and reality.
A situation seems to be developing to its logical
conclusion, yet it takes an opposite turn at the end.
Ex: When an assassin attempts to kill a president, all of
his shots initially miss the President; however, a
bullet ricochets off the bullet-proof Presidential
limousine and strikes the president in the chest.
Thus, a vehicle made to protect the President from
gunfire was partially responsible for his being shot

16. Dramatic Irony
This results from the reader having more
information about what is happening than the
character has.
Ex: A woman thinks her husband is working late,
but the reader knows the husband is with
another woman.

17. Verbal Irony
This occurs when the writer or speaker says the opposite
of what he/she really feels or believes.
Examples:
“Oh great!” (When something goes wrong)
“No, that’s not too much homework. I love homework.”
A person steps in big puddle of water by mistake, and
his/her friend smiles kindly, starts to help his friend up
and remarks, "well now, don't you have all the luck!"

18. Mood vs. Tone
Mood is the atmosphere or feeling the author creates for the reader (Ex.,
angry, somber, gentle, tense, frightened, cheerful, etc.)
Ex: The mood in “All Summer in a Day” could be described as mostly somber and tense. As we
read the story we mostly feel curiosity, and concern. The only joyful time is when the children
are running in the sun, and even then, in our minds we worry for poor Margot who is locked
in the closet.
So, mood is about how the reader feels.
Tone is the author’s attitude, stated or implied, about his subject or
characters. Some possible attitudes are pessimistic, optimistic, earnest,
serious, bitter, humorous, and joyful. An author’s tone can be revealed
through choice of words and details.
Ex: The tone in “All Summer in a Day” could be described as earnest or serious. The writer
presents the story fairly objectively, neither mocking nor criticizing the characters directly.
So, tone is about how the author feels.

19. Symbol
A symbol is anything that stands for something else. It is a
word, person, action, or object which takes on a meaning in
the story that is far beyond its ordinary meaning.
Ex: a white dove = peace
rainbow = hope
rose = love
Symbols can be culturally specific, so it is important to know
the author’s background.
(i.e. the same object may be have a different symbolic
meaning in different continents, countries, ethnic, or linguistic
groups.)