This document discusses issues related to sex, covering contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. It describes common contraception methods like condoms, diaphragms, IUDs, and hormonal pills/injections. These work by preventing fertilization or implantation through physical barriers or hormones. It also covers permanent options like vasectomies and tubal ligation. The document then discusses sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, and how HIV can be passed from mother to child, through needles, blood contact, or sexual intercourse.

1. Issues on Sex CHAPTER FIVE

2. Items covered Contraception Birth control by prevention of fertilisation with equipment Sexually Transmitted diseases (STDs) Diseases transmitted from one person to another through sexual intercourse

3. CONTRACEPTION SECTION ONE

4. Common methods

5. Physical – Male Condom A rubber sheath worn over the penis during sexual intercourse. Prevents sperms from being deposited in the penis. 88% to 98% effective. Used once then discarded.

6. Physical – Female Condom Worn over the vagina during sexual intercourse. Acts as a barrier to prevent sperms from being deposited into the ovum. 79% to 95% effective. Used once then discarded.

7. Physical – Diaphragm Round piece of rubber or plastic inserted through the vagina to cover the cervix. Inserted before the intercourse as a barrier. 83% effective with spermicide. Used once then discarded 6 to 24 hours after.

8. Physical – IUD Instrument inserted into the uterus. Prevents implantation of a fertilized egg. 98% to 99.4% effective. Used for up to 10 years then removed by a doctor under sterile conditions.

9. Chemical – Hormone pill injection Made of female sex hormones and are eaten or injected. Prevent ovulation or the release of eggs. 99.5% effective. Taken daily.

10. Chemical – Spermicide Are chemicals and types include creams, jellies and foams. Kill sperms and inserted into vagina 15 to 30 minutes before the intercourse. 79% effective, but can be used with other contraceptives.

11. Permanent - Vasectomy Minor surgical procedure where sperm ducts are tied and cut. After sterilisation, sperms cannot travel to the urethra. There are no side effects. Procedure is hard to reverse.

12. Permanent – Tubal Ligation Surgical procedure where fallopian tubes are tied cut. Prevents sperms from meeting eggs. Surgery to reverse ligation is not always effective.

13. STDs SECTION TWO

14. Gonorrhoea

15. Syphilis

16. AIDs

17. HIV passing From mother to child Through sharing of unclean needles by drug users Through contact with infected blood Through sexual contact

18. END