- Peru's capital is Lima, with other major cities including Arequipa, Ica, and Trujillo. The currency is the Nuevo Sol and main exports include textiles, fish, precious metals, and fruits. - Some of the earliest civilizations in Peru date back to 6000 BC along the coast and highlands, practicing agriculture, spinning, weaving, and herding llamas and alpacas. - Today around 30 million people live in Peru, with Catholicism and Islam being the dominant religions and Spanish the primary language.