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SOCIAL ENTERPRISE SPECTRUM

             COMMERCIAL                 HYBRID                    PHILANTHROPIC
Organization For-profit Corporation     Social Business           Non-profit Organization


Goal          Economic value creation Social & economic value Social value creation
              Shareholder value       Shareholder takeholder Stakeholder value
                                                 S

Earned        YES                       YES          NO           NO
Income

Structure     for-profit                for-profit   non-profit   non-profit

Synonyms      Corporate Philanthropy    Social Venture            Foundation
                                                                  NGO


Methods       Appeal to self-interest   Mixed motives          Appeal to goodwill
              Market driven             Balance Mission/Market Mission driven

Beneficiaries Market-rate prices        Subsidized rates          Pay nothing

Capital       Market-rate capital       Below-market capital      Donations and grants

Workforce     Market compensation       Below-market wages        Volunteers

Suppliers     Market-rate prices        Special discounts         In-kind donations

Adapted from The Social Enterprise Spectrum, by J. G. Dees

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Social Enterprise Spectrum

  • 1. SOCIAL ENTERPRISE SPECTRUM COMMERCIAL HYBRID PHILANTHROPIC Organization For-profit Corporation Social Business Non-profit Organization Goal Economic value creation Social & economic value Social value creation Shareholder value Shareholder takeholder Stakeholder value S Earned YES YES NO NO Income Structure for-profit for-profit non-profit non-profit Synonyms Corporate Philanthropy Social Venture Foundation NGO Methods Appeal to self-interest Mixed motives Appeal to goodwill Market driven Balance Mission/Market Mission driven Beneficiaries Market-rate prices Subsidized rates Pay nothing Capital Market-rate capital Below-market capital Donations and grants Workforce Market compensation Below-market wages Volunteers Suppliers Market-rate prices Special discounts In-kind donations Adapted from The Social Enterprise Spectrum, by J. G. Dees