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Lecture 04 florent perronnin - large-scale visual recognition with ecplicit embedding
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Lecture 04 florent perronnin - large-scale visual recognition with ecplicit embedding
1.
2.
3.
𝐹 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦∗
= arg max 𝑦 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊) 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊)
4.
𝐹 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦∗
= arg max 𝑦 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊) → 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊) Φ( ) Φ( ) Θ( ) Θ( )
5.
𝑎 𝑏 Φ
𝑎 Φ 𝑏 : Φ(𝑥)𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Φ(𝑎) Φ(𝑏) Φ(𝑐) 𝑅 𝑑
6.
𝑢 𝑣 Θ
𝑢 Θ 𝑣 : Θ(𝑦) 𝑢 𝑣 𝑧 Θ(𝑢) Θ(𝑣) Θ(𝑧) 𝑦 = 𝑅 𝑒
7.
• • • →
8.
9.
• • •
10.
→
11.
• • →
12.
→ → 𝑂(# 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠)
13.
• → • • →
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
• • •
20.
• • •
21.
22.
23.
Φ → • X = 𝑥1,
… , 𝑥 𝑇 • 𝑥 𝑡 𝜑 𝑥𝑡 • 1 𝑇 𝜑 𝑥 𝑡 𝑇 𝑡=1
24.
• → • 𝜑
𝑏𝑜𝑣 𝑥𝑡 = [0, … , 0, 1, 0, … , 0] • →
25.
𝝋
26.
𝝋
27.
𝝋
28.
𝝋 •
29.
𝝋 • •
30.
31.
32.
{𝜇1, … ,
𝜇 𝑁} X = 𝑥1, … , 𝑥 𝑇 • 𝑁𝑁 𝑥 𝑡 = arg min 𝜇 𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖 • 𝑣𝑖 = (𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖)𝑥 𝑡: 𝑁𝑁 𝑥 𝑡 =𝜇 𝑖 • 𝑣𝑖 ℓ2 3 x v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 1 4 2 5 ① ② ③
33.
𝑣𝑖 = (𝑥𝑡
− 𝜇𝑖)𝑥 𝑡: 𝑁𝑁 𝑥 𝑡 =𝜇 𝑖
34.
𝜑 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑥𝑡
= 0, … , 0, (𝑥𝑡−𝜇𝑖), 0, … , 0 • • → 𝐷 𝑫𝑵
35.
36.
37.
𝑢 𝜆 𝑥𝑡 𝑔
𝜆 (𝑥𝑡) = 𝛻𝜆 log 𝑢 𝜆(𝑥𝑡)
38.
𝐹𝜆 = 𝐸
𝑥~𝑢 𝜆 𝑔 𝜆(𝑥)𝑔 𝜆(𝑥) 𝑇 𝐾 𝑥, 𝑧 = 𝑔 𝜆(𝑥) 𝑇 𝐹𝜆 −1 𝑔 𝜆(𝑧)
39.
𝐹𝜆 = 𝐸
𝑥~𝑢 𝜆 𝑔 𝜆(𝑥)𝑔 𝜆(𝑥) 𝑇 𝐾 𝑥, 𝑧 = 𝑔 𝜆(𝑥) 𝑇 𝐹𝜆 −1 𝑔 𝜆(𝑧) 𝐹𝜆 −1 = 𝐿 𝜆 𝑇 𝐿 𝜆 𝜑 𝜆 𝑓𝑣(𝑥𝑡) = 𝐿 𝜆 𝑔(𝑥𝑡)
40.
𝑢 𝜆 𝑢 𝜆(𝑥)
= 𝑤𝑖 𝑢𝑖(𝑥) 𝑁 𝑖=1 𝑢𝑖 𝑥 = 1 (2𝜋) 𝐷/2 Σ 𝑖 1/2 exp − 1 2 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑖)′Σ𝑖 −1 (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑖) → 𝜆 = 𝑤𝑖, 𝜇𝑖, Σ𝑖, 𝑖 = 1 … 𝑁 Σ𝑖 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔(𝜎𝑖 2) → 𝑤𝑖, 𝜇𝑖 𝜎𝑖
41.
𝛾𝑡(𝑖) 𝑥 𝑡
𝑖 𝜑 𝑤 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝛾𝑡(1) 𝑤1 , … , 𝛾𝑡(𝑁) 𝑤 𝑁 𝜑 𝑏𝑜𝑣 𝑥 𝑡 = [0, … , 0, 1, 0, … , 0] → 𝜑 𝜇 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝛾𝑡 1 𝜎1 𝑤1 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇1 , … , 𝛾𝑡 1 𝜎1 𝑤 𝑁 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇 𝑁 𝜑 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑥 𝑡 = 0, … , (𝑥 𝑡−𝜇𝑖), … , 0 → 𝜑 𝜎 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝛾𝑡 1 2𝑤1 𝑥 𝑡−𝜇1 2 𝜎1 2 − 1 , … , 𝛾𝑡 𝑁 2𝑤 𝑁 𝑥 𝑡−𝜇 𝑁 2 𝜎 𝑁 2 − 1 → → 𝜑 𝜇 𝜑 𝜎 → 𝟐𝑫𝑵
42.
𝜑 𝑏𝑜𝑣 𝑥
= [0, … , 0, 1, 0, … , 0] 𝑤 𝑇 𝜑 𝑏𝑜𝑣(𝑥)
43.
𝜑 𝑏𝑜𝑣 𝑥
= [0, … , 0, 1, 0, … , 0] 𝑤 𝑇 𝜑 𝑏𝑜𝑣(𝑥) →
44.
𝜑 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑥
= 0, … , (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑖), … , 0 𝑤 𝑇 𝜑 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑑(𝑥)
45.
𝜑 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑑 𝑥
= 0, … , (𝑥 − 𝜇𝑖), … , 0 𝑤 𝑇 𝜑 𝑣𝑙𝑎𝑑(𝑥) →
46.
𝜑 𝑓𝑣 𝑥 𝑡
= … , 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 𝜎𝑖 𝑤𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖 , 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 2𝑤𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖 2 𝜎𝑖 2 − 1 , … 𝑤 𝑇 𝜑 𝑓𝑣(𝑥)
47.
𝜑 𝑓𝑣 𝑥 𝑡
= … , 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 𝜎𝑖 𝑤𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖 , 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 2𝑤𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖 2 𝜎𝑖 2 − 1 , … 𝑤 𝑇 𝜑 𝑓𝑣(𝑥) → →
48.
• ℓ2 • 𝑧 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑧
𝑧 𝛼 0 ≤ 𝛼 ≤ • → 𝛼 = 1/2
49.
𝜆 = 𝑤𝑖,
𝜇𝑖, Σ𝑖, 𝑖 = 1 … 𝑁 X = 𝑥1, … , 𝑥 𝑇 • 𝑥 𝑡: • 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 = 𝑤 𝑖 𝑢 𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 𝑤 𝑘 𝑢 𝑘 𝑥 𝑡 𝑁 𝑘=1 • 𝜑 𝜇 += … , 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 𝜎 𝑖 𝑤𝑖 𝑥 𝑡 − 𝜇𝑖 , … 𝜑 𝜎 += … , 𝛾𝑡 𝑖 2𝑤 𝑖 𝑥 𝑡−𝜇𝑖 2 𝜎𝑖 2 − 1 , … • ℓ2 • •
50.
51.
52.
53.
• •
54.
55.
• • •
56.
57.
• • •
58.
• • • • →
59.
• • • →
60.
61.
• → • • →
62.
• • • •
63.
• • • •
64.
• • • 𝑢 𝑣 𝑧 Θ(𝑢) Θ(𝑏) Θ(𝑐) 𝑅 𝑒
65.
𝒴 = 1,
… , 𝑘 Θ 𝑦 = [0, … , 0, 1, 0, … , 0]
66.
• {−1, +1}
𝐵(1/2) • • →
67.
• {−1, +1}
𝐵(1/2) • • • • −1 … +1 +1 … +1 +1 … −1
68.
• {−1, +1}
𝐵(1/2) • • • •
69.
• • → Θ 6
= →
70.
→ → →
71.
72.
73.
7 × 5 1
= 2 = 3 = 𝐴 = 𝐵 =
74.
7 × 5 •
→ • 1 = 2 = 3 = 𝐵 = Θ 𝑦 = Φ(𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑦 ) 𝐴 =
75.
76.
𝑛 × 𝑘
𝑌 →
77.
78.
• • • •
79.
• • • •
80.
𝐹 𝑦∗ = arg
max 𝑦 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊) Φ(𝑥) ∈ 𝑅 𝑑 Θ(𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 𝑒 𝒅 ≠ 𝒆 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊) Φ( ) Φ( ) Θ( ) Θ( )
81.
𝑤 𝑦 𝑑
= 𝑒 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑤 𝑦 𝑇Φ 𝑥 • 𝑊 = 𝑤1 , … , 𝑤 𝑘 𝑑 × 𝑘 𝑘 • Θ(𝑦) Θ 𝑦 = [0, … , 0, 1, 0, … , 0] 𝑇 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = [ Φ 𝑥 𝑇 ] 𝑊 Θ(𝑦)
82.
𝑑 ≠ 𝑒: 𝐹
𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = [ Φ 𝑥 𝑇 ] 𝑊 Θ(𝑦) 𝑊 𝑑 × 𝑒 → → 𝑊
83.
𝑑 ≠ 𝑒: 𝐹
𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = [ Φ 𝑥 𝑇 ] 𝑊 Θ(𝑦) 𝑊 𝑑 × 𝑒 • 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = −| 𝑊 𝑇Φ 𝑥 − Θ 𝑦 |2 • 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = −| Φ 𝑥 − 𝑊Θ 𝑦 |2
84.
→ U 𝑊 𝑊
= 𝑈 𝑇 𝑉 • 𝑈 𝑟 × 𝑑 • 𝑉 𝑟 × 𝑒 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = Φ 𝑥 𝑇 𝑊Θ(𝑦) 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑈, 𝑉 = 𝑈Φ 𝑥 𝑇 𝑉Θ 𝑦 = Φ′ 𝑥 𝑇Θ′ 𝑦 Φ′ 𝑥 = 𝑈Φ 𝑥 Θ′ 𝑦 = 𝑉Θ 𝑦 → 𝑟 → 𝑟 ≪ 𝑑, 𝑒
85.
86.
•
87.
• •
88.
• • •
89.
• • • →
90.
• •
91.
• Ψ 𝑥,
𝑦 = Φ 𝑥 ⊗ Θ 𝑦 𝑑𝑒 • 𝑤 𝑑𝑒 𝑊 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = Φ 𝑥 𝑇 𝑊Θ 𝑦 = 𝑤 𝑇 Ψ 𝑥, 𝑦 → →
92.
Θ = [Θ
1 , … , Θ 𝑘 𝑒 × 𝑘 𝐹 𝑥, . ; 𝑊 = Θ 𝑇(Φ 𝑥 𝑇 𝑊) → Φ(𝑥) 𝑧 = 𝑊 𝑇Φ 𝑥 Θ 𝑇 𝑧 𝑊 Θ
93.
Θ = [Θ
1 , … , Θ 𝑘 𝑒 × 𝑘 𝐹 𝑥, . ; 𝑊 = Θ 𝑇(Φ 𝑥 𝑇 𝑊) → • Φ(𝑥) 𝑧 = 𝝈(𝑊 𝑇 Φ 𝑥 ) Θ 𝑇 𝑧 𝑊 Θ
94.
Θ = [Θ
1 , … , Θ 𝑘 𝑒 × 𝑘 𝐹 𝑥, . ; 𝑊 = Θ 𝑇(Φ 𝑥 𝑇 𝑊) → • • → Φ(𝑥) 𝑧 = 𝝈(𝑊 𝑇 Φ 𝑥 ) Θ 𝑇 𝑧 𝑊 Θ
95.
• • • •
96.
• • • •
97.
• → 𝑊 • → 𝑊
Θ
98.
𝚯 𝑊 𝑊 →
99.
𝚯 𝑊 𝑊 →
100.
𝚯 𝑊 arg max
𝑊 1 𝑛 𝐹(𝑥𝑖, 𝑦𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 ; 𝑊) 𝑊 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = −| 𝑊 𝑇Φ 𝑥 − Θ 𝑦 |2 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 = −| Φ 𝑥 − 𝑊Θ 𝑦 |2 → 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑈, 𝑉 = −| 𝑈Φ 𝑥 − 𝑉Θ 𝑦 |2 →
101.
𝚯 𝑊 𝑥 =
, 𝑦+ = , 𝑦− = 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦+ ; 𝑊 > 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦− ; 𝑊 →
102.
𝚯 𝑊 ℓ 𝑥,
𝑦; 𝑊 = max𝑗 Δ 𝑦, 𝑦𝑗 − 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 + 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦𝑗; 𝑊 Δ 𝑦, 𝑦𝑗 𝑦 𝑦𝑗 • 𝑦 = 𝑦𝑗 𝑦 ≠ 𝑦𝑗 • → arg max 𝑊 1 𝑛 ℓ(𝑥𝑖, 𝑦𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 ; 𝑊) 𝑊
103.
𝚯 𝑊 ℓ 𝑥,
𝑦; 𝑊 = max 0, Δ 𝑦, 𝑦𝑗 − 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 + 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦𝑗; 𝑊𝑘 𝑗=1
104.
𝚯 𝑊 ℓ 𝑥,
𝑦; 𝑊 = max 0, Δ 𝑦, 𝑦𝑗 − 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦; 𝑊 + 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦𝑗; 𝑊𝑘 𝑗=1 𝑦 = , 𝑥+ = , 𝑥− = 𝐹 𝑥+, 𝑦; 𝑊 > 𝐹 𝑥−, 𝑦; 𝑊
105.
𝚯 𝑊 Δ 𝑦+,
𝑦− − 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦+; 𝑊 + 𝐹 𝑥, 𝑦−; 𝑊 = Δ 𝑦+, 𝑦− − 𝑥 𝑇 𝑊 𝑦+ − 𝑦− →
106.
𝑊 𝚯 • •
107.
𝑊 𝚯 arg max
𝑊,Θ 1 𝑛 ℓ(𝑥𝑖, 𝑦𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 ; 𝑊, Θ) + 𝜆 2 Θ − Θ 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 2 → • Θ = Θ 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑊 • Θ 𝑊
108.
• • • •
109.
• • • •
110.
→ • → • → → → →
111.
• • →
112.
•
113.
• • → → → →
114.
• • → → → → →
115.
• • •
116.
• • • • •
117.
∞
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