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12th International Conference on Knowledge Management
                                                  and Knowledge Technologies (i-KNOW 2012)
                                                  5-7 September 2012
                                                  Graz, Austria




                                 An Embeddable Dashboard for
                                Widget-Based Visual Analytics on
                                    Scientific Communities

                                           Michael Derntl, Stephan Erdtmann, Ralf Klamma
                                                      RWTH Aachen University
                                          Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS)
                                                   Informatik 5, Aachen, Germany
                                                     derntl@dbis.rwth-aachen.de

Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
          1              These presentation slides by Michael Derntl are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Motivation
                                  Scientific results socially created in scientific
                                  communities1
                                  Quality of products         success of community
                                  Stakeholder interest in success factors
                                  Classic indices: publications, citations –
                                  established communities
                                  New publication channels, new collaboration means
                                    – Web 2.0, social media/networks, etc.
                                    – Scattered information and large data volumes
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
                         1W. A.   Kornfeld and C. Hewitt. The Scientic Community Metaphor. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern., SMC-11(1):24-33, 1981.
          2
Data Visualization
                         Data visualization
                         eases assimilation
                         of information
                         Modern web
                         technologies
                         enable interactive
                         visualizations
                                                                           © Google, Inc.
                         Popular metaphor: dashboards
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
                         – One page overview, aggregate data, focus on important
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
          3
                           data, interactive components
Dashboards and Visual Analytics
                                  Requirements for visual analytics1
                                    – Interactive display supporting exploration and reasoning
                                    – Stakeholder oriented flexible view – personalization, …
                                  Dashboard: viable tool for visual analytics
                                  on scientific community datasets?




                                                                                                                        http://cdn.speedhunters.com/wp-
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5                                                                                                  content/uploads/2010/01/gasser7.jpg
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
                         1J.   J. Thomas and K. A. Cook, eds. Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics. IEEE, 2005.
          4
Pilot Community: TEL
                          TEL-Map: roadmapping and weak signal analysis in Technology
                          Enhanced Learning (TEL); supported by the TEL Mediabase1




Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
                         1M.   Derntl, R. Klamma. A Mediabase for Technology Enhanced Learning in Europe. IEEE Learn. Tech. Newsletter, 14(3):2-5, 2012.
          5
Challenges
                         Configuring personalized dashboards
                         – Addressing different stakeholder groups
                         – Easy to set up / configure / use for non-technical people
                         – Reusability of the solution beyond the pilot case
                         Interactive visualization of arbitrary database query
                         results
                         – Different types of charts / graphs
                         – New visualizations should easily be createable
                         – Compatible with existing and new databases
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
          6
Objectives
                         Web-based dashboard for visualising SQL query
                         results
                         Decoupling the hosting application from dashboard
                         application
                         Implementation of
                         – Dashboard frame containing visualization widgets
                         – Data visualization generator app
                         For pilot case at learningfrontiers.eu:
                         – Dashboard frame as a Drupal module
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke    – Reuse of user credendials
          7
Use Cases & GUI




                             Embedding Application

                                     Widget Container

                         Control       Viz 1         Viz 2
                          Pane
                                       Viz n
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
          8
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke    http://learningfrontiers.eu/?q=dashboard
          9
Widget Creator
                                  Selecting a database
                                  connection
                                  Entering an SQL query
                                  Selecting a
                                  visualization type
                                  Instant preview using
                                  Google Visualization
                                  API
                                  Publish as OpenSocial
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke             widget
         10
Technical Architecture
                                                                        Dashboard                                                Legend

                                                       Control Pane               Widget Container                              Previously
                          Visualization                                                                                          existing
                             Layer                                             Visualization Widgets
                                                                                                                                  Newly
                                                                                                                               implemented
                                                                      LAS Ajax Client



                                                          Lightweight Application Server (LAS)1

                                                                   LAS HTTP Connector
                               Application
                                 Layer                                 LAS Services

                                                                 LAS Database Connector



                                  Data                  User & Widget                 Data Sources for
                                                                                      Data Sources for
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
                                  Layer                     Data                       Visualization
                                                                                        Visualization
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
                         1M.   Spaniol et al. LAS: A Lightweight Application Server…In Proc. i-KNOW 2006, pp. 592-599, 2006.
         11
Components Interaction
                                  Dashboard Container        Lightweight Application        Application Data           Legend
                         2                              1a        Server (LAS)                                     Component of the
                                       Dashboard                                                                   dashboard framework
                                                                                               User Data
                                                               User Management         1b
                                                        3                                                          Component of the
                                                                    Service                                        embedding application
                                                                                       6b    Widget Data
                                                        4a        Dashboard            4b
                             5a                         6a         Service
                                      Visualization                                          Data Sources
                                         Widget
                                                        5b          Query
                                                                                       5c     Database(s)
                                                                    Service


                                  Visualization Layer        Application Layer               Data Layer



                              1 Register user (on first visit; automatically done by the embedding application)
                              2 Hand over LAS user credentials to the dashboard container
                              3 Dashboard container log in user on LAS
                              4 Retrieve list of available visualization widgets
                              5 Display visualization in widget
                              6 Store user preferences (after all personalization actions; during evaluation: action log)
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
         12
End-User Evaluation
                         Goal
                         – Evaluation of usability and usefulness
                         – Obtain feedback for improvement
                         Methodology
                         – Creation of ~20 visualization widgets on 3 TEL-Map databases
                         – Definition of default dashboard for first login
                         – TEL-Map partners / researchers tested according to
                           predefined tasks (=> use cases)
                         – Rating of the test participants has been determined using
                           surveys (18 five-point Likert scale items + 2 open questions)
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)    – Collection of usage data (user action log)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
         13
Evaluation: Participants
                         Survey was completed by 20 participants from TEL
                         context
                         On average they
                         – dedicate 2/3 of their current working time to TEL.
                         – have 8.5 years of experience with TEL




Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
         14
Evaluation: Usability Results
                         Higher scores for usability compared to usefulness
                         Negative correlation (p<.01) between years of experience
                         and usability/usefulness
                          N = 20                                                 (M = 4.21 ± .68) 1          2   3   4   5

                                                                 It is easy to remove widgets         4.90

                                                               It is easy to rearrange widgets        4.40

                                               It is easy to resize the widget height and width       4.15

                                                                  It is easy to detach widgets        4.55
                          Usability




                                                  It is easy to find the description of a widget      4.15
                                      The widget descriptions are sufficient to understand the
                                                                                                      3.85
                                                          widget content
                                                          The search interface is easy to use         3.85

                                                          It was easy to find relevant widgets        3.50
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)                                    It was easy to add available widgets         4.55
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
         15
Evaluation: Usefulness Results
                         Higher scores for usability compared to usefulness
                         Negative correlation (p<.01) between years of experience
                         and usability/usefulness
                         N = 20                                                   (M = 3.72 ± .84) 1          2   3   4   5
                                      The data covered by available widgets appears relevant
                                                                                                       3.80
                                                              to me
                                      The data covered by the widgets appears relevant to the
                                                                                                       4.05
                                                         TEL community
                                            The available widgets cover a broad range of TEL           3.90
                                              The available categories are useful to search for
                                                                                                       3.45
                                                                  widgets
                         Usefulness




                                             The style of the data visualizations is appropriate       3.65

                                         The range of available data visualizations is sufficient      3.40
                                        This dashboard has all the functions and capabilities I
                                                                                                       3.05
                                                         expect it to have
                                             The dashboard is useful to support mapping and
                                                                                                       4.11
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
                                                     roadmapping activities in TEL
(Information Systems)                  The dashboard can support different TEL stakeholders
                                                                                                       4.00
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke                                   in observing data
         16
Evaluation: Qualitative Results
                         Experiences with creating a new widget (exploring the
                         data, offering visualizations)
                         – 14 tried, 7 succeeded (3 w/ error message on embed)
                         – Problems: Incomplete documentation, DB schemas unknown
                         Suggestions for improvement
                         – Missing access to data behind a visualization
                         – Useful for statistics about TEL, but less useful for
                           understanding the future
                         – Problems with meaning of visualizations and categories
                         – Complex visualizations hard to read
                         – Data export functionalities needed
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
                         – Unintuitive interaction with the dashboard
         17
Evaluation: Action Log
                                                                                                                    Action Ranking
                           687 actions by 25 users traced
                                                                                                                    0         50         100   150   200   250     300
                           over 13 days (~27 per user)
                                                                                              Toggle control pane                        196
                                                                                                   Embed widget                    141
                                                                                                  Remove widget               101
                                                                                                    Move widget               88
                                       Top 10: # Embeds / Widget / Category                   Search by category         50
                                            0        1            2            3          4   Search by keyword         30
                                                                                                  Resize column     26
                              Search (1)                                           4.00
                                                                                                   Resize widget        28
                               Social (1)                                          4.00
                                                                                                   Create widget 17                            During evaluation
                               Radar* (3)                               3.00                    Add/Rem column 10                              After evaluation
                             Network (4)                              2.75
                              Content (3)                      2.33
                           Histogram* (4)                     2.25
                              Papers (7)                     2.14
                                Blogs (6)                  2.00
                         Geographical (6)                  2.00
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
(Information Systems)            Pie* (4)                  2.00
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
         18
Conclusions and Further Work
                         Key points
                         – Dashboard embeddable anywhere with few HTML lines
                         – Visualization of scientific community data
                             – OpenSocial based widgets
                             – Google Visualization API based on SQL query results
                             – Arbitrary relational DB sources possible
                         – Pilot case: Drupal-based TEL portal; generally positive
                           evaluation
                         Limitations
                         – Visualizations limited to single SQL query
                         – More interactive and explorative features needed for visual
Lehrstuhl Informatik 5
                           analytics tasks
(Information Systems)
   Prof. Dr. M. Jarke
         19

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An Embeddable Dashboard for Widget-Based Visual Analytics on Scientific Communities

  • 1. 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies (i-KNOW 2012) 5-7 September 2012 Graz, Austria An Embeddable Dashboard for Widget-Based Visual Analytics on Scientific Communities Michael Derntl, Stephan Erdtmann, Ralf Klamma RWTH Aachen University Advanced Community Information Systems (ACIS) Informatik 5, Aachen, Germany derntl@dbis.rwth-aachen.de Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 1 These presentation slides by Michael Derntl are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
  • 2. Motivation Scientific results socially created in scientific communities1 Quality of products success of community Stakeholder interest in success factors Classic indices: publications, citations – established communities New publication channels, new collaboration means – Web 2.0, social media/networks, etc. – Scattered information and large data volumes Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 1W. A. Kornfeld and C. Hewitt. The Scientic Community Metaphor. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern., SMC-11(1):24-33, 1981. 2
  • 3. Data Visualization Data visualization eases assimilation of information Modern web technologies enable interactive visualizations © Google, Inc. Popular metaphor: dashboards Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 – One page overview, aggregate data, focus on important (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 3 data, interactive components
  • 4. Dashboards and Visual Analytics Requirements for visual analytics1 – Interactive display supporting exploration and reasoning – Stakeholder oriented flexible view – personalization, … Dashboard: viable tool for visual analytics on scientific community datasets? http://cdn.speedhunters.com/wp- Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 content/uploads/2010/01/gasser7.jpg (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 1J. J. Thomas and K. A. Cook, eds. Illuminating the Path: The Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics. IEEE, 2005. 4
  • 5. Pilot Community: TEL TEL-Map: roadmapping and weak signal analysis in Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL); supported by the TEL Mediabase1 Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 1M. Derntl, R. Klamma. A Mediabase for Technology Enhanced Learning in Europe. IEEE Learn. Tech. Newsletter, 14(3):2-5, 2012. 5
  • 6. Challenges Configuring personalized dashboards – Addressing different stakeholder groups – Easy to set up / configure / use for non-technical people – Reusability of the solution beyond the pilot case Interactive visualization of arbitrary database query results – Different types of charts / graphs – New visualizations should easily be createable – Compatible with existing and new databases Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 6
  • 7. Objectives Web-based dashboard for visualising SQL query results Decoupling the hosting application from dashboard application Implementation of – Dashboard frame containing visualization widgets – Data visualization generator app For pilot case at learningfrontiers.eu: – Dashboard frame as a Drupal module Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke – Reuse of user credendials 7
  • 8. Use Cases & GUI Embedding Application Widget Container Control Viz 1 Viz 2 Pane Viz n Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 8
  • 9. Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke http://learningfrontiers.eu/?q=dashboard 9
  • 10. Widget Creator Selecting a database connection Entering an SQL query Selecting a visualization type Instant preview using Google Visualization API Publish as OpenSocial Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke widget 10
  • 11. Technical Architecture Dashboard Legend Control Pane Widget Container Previously Visualization existing Layer Visualization Widgets Newly implemented LAS Ajax Client Lightweight Application Server (LAS)1 LAS HTTP Connector Application Layer LAS Services LAS Database Connector Data User & Widget Data Sources for Data Sources for Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 Layer Data Visualization Visualization (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 1M. Spaniol et al. LAS: A Lightweight Application Server…In Proc. i-KNOW 2006, pp. 592-599, 2006. 11
  • 12. Components Interaction Dashboard Container Lightweight Application Application Data Legend 2 1a Server (LAS) Component of the Dashboard dashboard framework User Data User Management 1b 3 Component of the Service embedding application 6b Widget Data 4a Dashboard 4b 5a 6a Service Visualization Data Sources Widget 5b Query 5c Database(s) Service Visualization Layer Application Layer Data Layer 1 Register user (on first visit; automatically done by the embedding application) 2 Hand over LAS user credentials to the dashboard container 3 Dashboard container log in user on LAS 4 Retrieve list of available visualization widgets 5 Display visualization in widget 6 Store user preferences (after all personalization actions; during evaluation: action log) Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 12
  • 13. End-User Evaluation Goal – Evaluation of usability and usefulness – Obtain feedback for improvement Methodology – Creation of ~20 visualization widgets on 3 TEL-Map databases – Definition of default dashboard for first login – TEL-Map partners / researchers tested according to predefined tasks (=> use cases) – Rating of the test participants has been determined using surveys (18 five-point Likert scale items + 2 open questions) Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) – Collection of usage data (user action log) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 13
  • 14. Evaluation: Participants Survey was completed by 20 participants from TEL context On average they – dedicate 2/3 of their current working time to TEL. – have 8.5 years of experience with TEL Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 14
  • 15. Evaluation: Usability Results Higher scores for usability compared to usefulness Negative correlation (p<.01) between years of experience and usability/usefulness N = 20 (M = 4.21 ± .68) 1 2 3 4 5 It is easy to remove widgets 4.90 It is easy to rearrange widgets 4.40 It is easy to resize the widget height and width 4.15 It is easy to detach widgets 4.55 Usability It is easy to find the description of a widget 4.15 The widget descriptions are sufficient to understand the 3.85 widget content The search interface is easy to use 3.85 It was easy to find relevant widgets 3.50 Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) It was easy to add available widgets 4.55 Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 15
  • 16. Evaluation: Usefulness Results Higher scores for usability compared to usefulness Negative correlation (p<.01) between years of experience and usability/usefulness N = 20 (M = 3.72 ± .84) 1 2 3 4 5 The data covered by available widgets appears relevant 3.80 to me The data covered by the widgets appears relevant to the 4.05 TEL community The available widgets cover a broad range of TEL 3.90 The available categories are useful to search for 3.45 widgets Usefulness The style of the data visualizations is appropriate 3.65 The range of available data visualizations is sufficient 3.40 This dashboard has all the functions and capabilities I 3.05 expect it to have The dashboard is useful to support mapping and 4.11 Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 roadmapping activities in TEL (Information Systems) The dashboard can support different TEL stakeholders 4.00 Prof. Dr. M. Jarke in observing data 16
  • 17. Evaluation: Qualitative Results Experiences with creating a new widget (exploring the data, offering visualizations) – 14 tried, 7 succeeded (3 w/ error message on embed) – Problems: Incomplete documentation, DB schemas unknown Suggestions for improvement – Missing access to data behind a visualization – Useful for statistics about TEL, but less useful for understanding the future – Problems with meaning of visualizations and categories – Complex visualizations hard to read – Data export functionalities needed Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke – Unintuitive interaction with the dashboard 17
  • 18. Evaluation: Action Log Action Ranking 687 actions by 25 users traced 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 over 13 days (~27 per user) Toggle control pane 196 Embed widget 141 Remove widget 101 Move widget 88 Top 10: # Embeds / Widget / Category Search by category 50 0 1 2 3 4 Search by keyword 30 Resize column 26 Search (1) 4.00 Resize widget 28 Social (1) 4.00 Create widget 17 During evaluation Radar* (3) 3.00 Add/Rem column 10 After evaluation Network (4) 2.75 Content (3) 2.33 Histogram* (4) 2.25 Papers (7) 2.14 Blogs (6) 2.00 Geographical (6) 2.00 Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 (Information Systems) Pie* (4) 2.00 Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 18
  • 19. Conclusions and Further Work Key points – Dashboard embeddable anywhere with few HTML lines – Visualization of scientific community data – OpenSocial based widgets – Google Visualization API based on SQL query results – Arbitrary relational DB sources possible – Pilot case: Drupal-based TEL portal; generally positive evaluation Limitations – Visualizations limited to single SQL query – More interactive and explorative features needed for visual Lehrstuhl Informatik 5 analytics tasks (Information Systems) Prof. Dr. M. Jarke 19