The document summarizes the 4WARD project's approach to mobility challenges in a future internet. The 4WARD project takes a clean-slate approach to designing a global communications infrastructure that focuses on an "information-centric" network and integrates mobility as a core capability. It aims to overcome today's complex mobile scenarios through architectural concepts like virtualization of networks and a "network of information" that manages distributed information objects independently of location. The project is developing prototypes and design principles to realize virtual mobile networks and mobile virtual networks with guaranteed interoperability of functions like mobility, security and quality of service.

1. Mobility Scenarios for the Future Internet:
The 4WARD Approach
Michael Söllner, Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland
Carmelita Görg, University of Bremen, Germany
Kostas Pentikousis, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland
Jose Mª Cabero Lopez, Robotiker Tecnalia Spain
Miguel Ponce de Leon, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland
Philippe Bertin, France Telecom
SS3: Mobility Challenges in the Future Internet

2. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 2
Outline
 Requirements/Challenges for a Future Internet
 4WARD Approach
 Towards a Network of Information
 What Virtualisation can do
 Connectivity and Architectural Challenges
 Summary

3. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 3
Major trends in the next decade
and their relation to the Internet
 Technology Environment: Multitude of networked/distributed applications beyond Web2.0
– flexible and participatory
– user and provider are widely interchangeable/dynamically attached roles
 Social-Economic Environment: Awareness of demographic change in an aging society
(Europe and others)
– Significant percentage of people beyond the age of retirement
– Few young people – need for efficient high-level education
– Shortage of labour force – need for automation and increased efficiency
 “Information” centric rather than “bit” centric at the network level
 Integrated support of mobility
– Wireless access, optical backbones
– Communication everywhere
– Infrastructure to support trade and industry
– New services – new devices – new interactions
 Security that nevertheless keeps the generativity of the network intact
 Low cost to access, deploy and operate evolvable and interoperable networking infrastructure
(architectures)
 Current evolution attempts by “patching the Internet” often violating
fundamental Internet design principles will lead to a dead end

4. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 4
What is the 4WARD approach
to Future Internet ?
 „Future Internet“ is used to denote the vision for a next generation of services,
content and networks (next decade(s))
 4WARD is focusing on the network aspects of the story
 Clean-slate approach:
– "With what we know today, if we were to start again with a clean slate, how would we
design a global communications infrastructure?"
 A clean-slate networking approach is an ambitious uphill race
– Legacy, legacy, legacy,...
– Services, services, services ...
– No garage around - can a revolution be created in an European project?
 Status:
– Project phase1 started 2008, for 2 years
– Requirements have been set up,
screening and directing technical research to an innovative holistic approach,
non-technical aspects (usage, socio-economics, policy, governance, regulation)
– A couple of scenarios have been developed to experience
the Future Internet from a users and operator‘s perspective
– Further focus on consolidating the visions towards
diverse, but dependent solution concepts and their assessment

5. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 5
 Architectural framework coordination
 Concepts, terms, and basic framework
constructs
 Architectural tradeoffs and design patterns
 Integration, evaluation and validation
Management of Virtual Networks (Task 3.3)
Provisioning of Virtual Networks (Task 3.3)
(aggregate “slices” and form virtual networks)
Substrate
Virtualised
substrate
Virtual NetworkVirtual Network
Virtualisation of Resources (Task 3.2)
(partitioning of physical infrastructure into “slices”)
split/
balance
merge/
network code
decode
join
code
cooperatively
Generic path 1
Generic path 2
split/
balance
merge/
network code
decode
join
code
cooperatively
Generic path 1
Generic path 2
Generic Connectivity:
Network of Information:
Virtualization of Networks:
 Providing abstractions and a framework for a
self-organising management plane.
 Design and implement a thin pervasive self-
organising network management plane
In-Network Management:
New Architectural Principles and Concepts:
4WARD Research Directions

6. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 6
4WARD Overall Technical Requirements *
The 4WARD Project will provide an Architecture Framework, i.e. a family of dependent
architectures (not a single architecture), satisfying the following requirements:
 Ubiquity: Aiming at a global communication system that has the potential to embrace the facets of
current and future Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), i.e. telecommunications, data
communications and the “internet of things”, on an ubiquitous basis.
 Diversity and Extensibility: Supporting diversity and a high degree of heterogeneity in different
technologies, thus allowing for specialised and customised network architectures to support their specific
requirements.
 Information-Centric Networking: Focus communication services for users and applications that are
centred on the creation, search, lookup and retrieval, distribution, and management of information objects
 Mobility: Support mobility of its users or user components, information objects and related resources as
an integral built-in functionality
 Inter-Provider/Domain Support: The 4WARD Framework shall allow to organise 4WARD networks in
various administrative (physical or virtual) domains each governed by its own provider.
 Interoperability: 4WARD Networks based on possibly different architectures shall interoperate efficiently
such that functionality and usage of services/resources/objects etc. is provided across network
boundaries.
 Scalability: allow a very high degree of scalability regarding the number of involved components. The
naming and addressing concept shall allow unambiguous identification of “zillions” of devices,
(information) objects, and “things”.
 “Green” Network: designed, realised and operated in a way to make efficiently use of natural resources
(which includes, of course, energy-awareness).
*) Extract from Deliverable 2.1 Technical Requirements

7. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 7
Specific Mobility Requirements Identified
 Service provisioning for mobile entities: an integral built-in functionality that preserves
reachability, connectivity, quality of service, and security relations as far as possible
without (functional) deduction compared to fixed entities’ access.
 Mobile entities can be persons, application processes, terminal devices or abstract information
objects, also end nodes, supporting intermediate nodes or network resources.
 Simultaneous attachment of mobile entities to multiple 4WARD Networks shall be possible at
any location covered by 4WARD Networks (multi-homing).
 Service continuity: Means to maintain the (possibly virtual) communication relation of a user
entity to a 4WARD network during relocation over space and time, according specified levels of
quality of (service) experience that could range from “seamless” (handover without noticeable
interruption), “loss-less” (without data or information loss) to “nomadic” (delay or disruption
tolerant) experience.
 Separation of mobile naming and addressing: separate identifiers for mobile entities from
locators of their actual location.
 Locality of network capabilities: provide a measurable notion of proximity and locality for user
and network entities and their capabilities.
 Heterogeneous access and physical layer awareness: Mobility across heterogeneous access
technologies, easily extensible even to future technologies and 4WARD architectures.
 Virtual network support: Mobility within the 4WARD Framework may be realised based on
physical or virtualised networks.

8. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 8
Overcoming Today‘s Complexity in
Mobile Scenarios
 Heterogeneous (Physical)
Connectivity
 Roaming between operator domains
 Tracking (reaching mobile terminals)
 Handover between
heterogeneous technologies
– Horizontal handover
– Vertical handover
 Topology awareness
 Terminal mobility
 Personal mobility
 Service mobility
 Session mobility
 Interoperability of various systems:
– Cellular networks
– WLAN, WiMax, Wireless Mesh
– Adhoc networks, MANET, VANET
– Wireless Sensor Networks
– Fixed networks and broadcast

9. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
A fresh look to communication systems:
Networking of Information
Telephony
Interconnecting wires
4WARD
Future Internet
Interconnecting information
Internet
Interconnecting nodes Future
Internet
Folding
Point
Termin
al
Termin
al
Forwa
rder
Termin
al
Virtualization of
network resources

10. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 10
Jari‘s Collaboration Network:
access to enterprise information,
office environment,
business email
Jari‘s Home Network:
access to private MP3,
photo and
video collection;
monitoring home automation
functions
Abstract View of Mobility Scenario:
Jari in the centre of his „information space“
 Jari driving in his car, while being
connected to various virtual
communication networks
 The network of information
(NetInf) keeps track of his
dynamic communication relations
Jari‘s Virtual
Information Object:
different roles, functions,
network attachments
and physical identities
Virtual
Information Sharing System:
Disseminates video streams from
broadcasters,
news, entertainment,
MP3++, 3D virtual reality
Virtual
Vehicular Traffic
Information System:
moving with Jari‘s car;
providing context information
of roadside sensors,
and related route information
Virtual
Community Network:
buddy list, presence,
messenger, push-to-talk,
high quality VoIP and video/
virtual reality services ,
Jari@abc
Jari@
my_xyz.eu
Jari@
mycar.bmw
Jari@
491701234
Jari‘s telecom provider,
„physical“ cellular service
inactive
inactive

11. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 11
Jari, Who the Heck is Jari?
 Jari has a Skype, MSN, Yahoo, AIM,
“you-name-it” VoIP client running on
one of his devices
 Jari also has a mobile phone
 A NetInf Information Object (IO) maps
the “real world” subject/object to its
digital (physical) instantiation/realisation
 So when Maria looks up “Jari” in NetInf,
she gets back the information object
which points to Data Object (DO)
– His various IM/VoIP/… “identifier” or DO
– His cell number (another “identifier” or
DO)
– And other possible info (his web page,
travel plan, RSS feed, … )

12. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 12
How it could work...
InfObj
„Jari“
DataObj
Jari‘s
mobile id
DataObj
Jari‘s
Skype id
InfObj
„Maria“
DataObj
Maria‘s
mobile id
DataObj
Maria‘s
Skype id
InfObj
„Maria calls Jari“
DataObj
VoIP call
via Skype
DataObj
mobile call
persistent persistent
temporary,
transient
„virtual call object“
able to switch between
different „physical“
realisations of generic
paths
Network of Information
Physical Generic Path Connectivity
DataObj
Maria‘s
locator
DataObj
Jari‘s
locator
dynamic dynamic
A B
InfObj
GP from A-B
corresponding
attachment
corresponding
attachment
path representation
as InfObj

13. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 13
A Multiaccess Communication Scenario
 The scenario applies to
dissemination and non-
dissemination objects
– Dissemination is defined not on an
encoding or protocol basis
– Web, Internet radio/TV, RSS, and so
on, are dissemination objects
– Internet banking, VoIP call, mailbox
are non-dissemination objects
 Scenario (and topology figure)
covers
– Web, BitTorrent, A/V streaming,
VoIP, ...
– Communication with a
multiaccess/multiapplication device
(Maria)
– Communication with a user having
multiple devices (Jari)

14. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 14
How Mobility is integrated in 4WARD
• Network architecture
prototypes
• Generic design patterns
• Rules for deriving special
purpose architectures
(components, functions,
protocols)
• Guaranteed properties
(interoperability, overarching
mobility)
• Means to create and
operate (customized)
virtual networks
• Maps new architectures,
protocols to shared
physical network
components (nodes,
links)
• Isolation of concurrent
components
• Virtual mobile networks
vs. mobile virtual
networks
Network of
Information
Generic
Connectivity
New
Architectural
Principles and
Design
Virtualisation
• „Generic Path“
• Covering (physical)
end-to-end transport
and network routing
• multipoint-to-multipoint
connectivity
• multipath routing
• efficient cooperative
transmission
• physical mobility of
endpoints (dynamic
add, delete, move ...)
and paths
• „Networked information
objects“ irrespective of
location and time
• manage distributed
information
• search and
name/address
resolution by „content“
• (physical) storage of
data chunks
• procedures to route and
rebuild information
content
• mobile / mobility objects

15. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 16
From Virtual Mobile Networks
to Mobile Virtual Networks
 Virtual Mobile Networks
– Purpose: sharing of physical resources between networks/providers,
decoupling of “service” evolution from evolution of “physical” technologies
– Example: infrastructure sharing of cellular MVNO
– Infrastructure-based network:
• static network where the only mobile entities are the end-users
• sharing of access points/bas stations and wireless interface
– Infrastructure-less network:
• mobility is intrinsic to the network.
• Virtualization at:
– Node level: working as end-user and network resource, i.e. as middle node.
– Access Point (AP) level: this is the attachment point to the network.
– Wireless medium level: As a mean to let different VOs operate the same PHY substrate.
 Mobile Virtual Networks
– Purpose: focus on sharing a common service/application,
keep complexity of communication relation out of application space
– Example: “Skype” over cellular, file-sharing over cellular
– Mobility of physical resources that comprises mobility of end-users, network resources and whole
(moving) networks.
– Mobility of virtual entities.
• A virtual network can decide to change its virtual topology depending on different metrics (neighbourhood
relation, balance of traffic, CPU usage…).
• Only virtual entities move from one physical location to another.

16. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 17
Architectural Challenge Ahead:
Interoperability and Core Feature Integrity
• Many architectures of today do not
relate core functions such as
Mobility, Security and QoS with each
other (e.g. IETF building block
approach).
Other architectures integrate them,
but in a static, monolithic way (e.g.
3GPP).
• Example:
IPsec simultaneously together with
DiffServ and MobileIP seems not
easily feasible
• The dynamic integration of Mobility,
Security and QoS and interoperability
is the focus of the architectural
design of future communication
system
Mobility Properties
Security Properties
QoS Properties
Interworking Properties
QoS
related
inform.
Mobility
related
inform.
Security
related
inform.

17. 10.Sept.2008 WPMC’08 – SS3
© 4WARD Consortium 2008
Theme Mobility/Slide 18
Summary
 4WARD is aiming at an architecture framework for a Future Internet
– evolving telecommunication, data communication and the „network of things“
towards a „network of information“
– with integrated, overarching mobility, security and QoS capabilities as needed
– with scalable concepts applicable from smallest scenarios to global scope
– coexistence and interoperability of micro- to macro-operators
– extensible to future needs
 Leveraging diversity at several stages:
– multitude of architectures with customized focus and assured interoperability
– virtualised networks enabling self-paced evolution of networking
– generic path connectivity across technologies and scales (e2e, access to
core)
 Detailed solution concepts and assessment in 2009
 For more Information, see www.4ward-project.eu