Unit03 dbms

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Relational Database: Definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L1-1

Example Instance of Students Relation Slide No:L1-2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Relational Query Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L1-3

The SQL Query Language Slide No:L1-4 SELECT * FROM Students S WHERE S.age=18 ,[object Object],SELECT S.name, S.login

Querying Multiple Relations ,[object Object],Slide No:L1-5 SELECT S.name, E.cid FROM Students S, Enrolled E WHERE S.sid=E.sid AND E.grade=“A” Given the following instances of Enrolled and Students: we get:

Creating Relations in SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L1-6 CREATE TABLE Students (sid: CHAR(20) , name: CHAR(20) , login: CHAR(10), age: INTEGER , gpa: REAL ) CREATE TABLE Enrolled (sid: CHAR(20) , cid: CHAR(20) , grade: CHAR (2))

Destroying and Altering Relations ,[object Object],Slide No:L1-7 DROP TABLE Students ,[object Object],ALTER TABLE Students ADD COLUMN firstYear: integer

Adding and Deleting Tuples ,[object Object],Slide No:L1-8 INSERT INTO Students (sid, name, login, age, gpa) VALUES (53688, ‘Smith’, ‘smith@ee’, 18, 3.2) ,[object Object],DELETE FROM Students S WHERE S.name = ‘Smith’

Integrity Constraints (ICs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L1-9

Primary Key Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L1-10

Primary and Candidate Keys in SQL ,[object Object],Slide No:L1-11 CREATE TABLE Enrolled (sid CHAR(20) cid CHAR(20), grade CHAR(2), PRIMARY KEY (sid,cid) ) ,[object Object],[object Object],CREATE TABLE Enrolled (sid CHAR(20) cid CHAR(20), grade CHAR(2), PRIMARY KEY (sid), UNIQUE (cid, grade) )

Foreign Keys, Referential Integrity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L1-12

Foreign Keys in SQL ,[object Object],Slide No:L1-13 CREATE TABLE Enrolled (sid CHAR(20), cid CHAR(20), grade CHAR(2), PRIMARY KEY (sid,cid), FOREIGN KEY (sid) REFERENCES Students ) Enrolled Students

Enforcing Referential Integrity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L2-1

Referential Integrity in SQL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L2-2 CREATE TABLE Enrolled (sid CHAR (20), cid CHAR(20) , grade CHAR (2), PRIMARY KEY (sid,cid), FOREIGN KEY (sid) REFERENCES Students ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT )

Where do ICs Come From? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L2-3

Logical DB Design: ER to Relational ,[object Object],Slide No:L3-1 CREATE TABLE Employees (ssn CHAR (11), name CHAR (20), lot INTEGER , PRIMARY KEY (ssn)) Employees ssn name lot

Relationship Sets to Tables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L3-2 CREATE TABLE Works_In( ssn CHAR (11), did INTEGER , since DATE , PRIMARY KEY (ssn, did), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees, FOREIGN KEY (did) REFERENCES Departments)

Review: Key Constraints ,[object Object],Slide No:L3-3 Translation to relational model? Many-to-Many 1-to-1 1-to Many Many-to-1 budget did Departments dname since lot name ssn Manages Employees

Translating ER Diagrams with Key Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L3-4 CREATE TABLE Manages( ssn CHAR(11) , did INTEGER , since DATE , PRIMARY KEY (did), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees, FOREIGN KEY (did) REFERENCES Departments) CREATE TABLE Dept_Mgr( did INTEGER, dname CHAR(20), budget REAL, ssn CHAR(11) , since DATE , PRIMARY KEY (did), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees)

Review: Participation Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L3-5 lot name dname budget did since name dname budget did since Manages since Departments Employees ssn Works_In

Participation Constraints in SQL ,[object Object],Slide No:L3-6 CREATE TABLE Dept_Mgr( did INTEGER, dname CHAR(20) , budget REAL , ssn CHAR(11) NOT NULL , since DATE , PRIMARY KEY (did), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees, ON DELETE NO ACTION )

Review: Weak Entities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L4-1 lot name age pname Dependents Employees ssn Policy cost

Translating Weak Entity Sets ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L4-2 CREATE TABLE Dep_Policy ( pname CHAR(20) , age INTEGER , cost REAL , ssn CHAR(11) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (pname, ssn), FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees, ON DELETE CASCADE )

Review: ISA Hierarchies ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L4-3 Contract_Emps name ssn Employees lot hourly_wages ISA Hourly_Emps contractid hours_worked ,[object Object],[object Object]

Translating ISA Hierarchies to Relations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L4-4

Review: Binary vs. Ternary Relationships ,[object Object],Slide No:L4-5 age pname Dependents Covers age pname Dependents Purchaser Bad design Better design name Employees ssn lot Policies policyid cost Beneficiary policyid cost Policies name Employees ssn lot

Binary vs. Ternary Relationships (Contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L4-6 CREATE TABLE Policies ( policyid INTEGER , cost REAL , ssn CHAR(11) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (policyid). FOREIGN KEY (ssn) REFERENCES Employees, ON DELETE CASCADE ) CREATE TABLE Dependents ( pname CHAR(20) , age INTEGER , policyid INTEGER , PRIMARY KEY (pname, policyid). FOREIGN KEY (policyid) REFERENCES Policies, ON DELETE CASCADE )

Views ,[object Object],Slide No:L5-1 CREATE VIEW YoungActiveStudents (name, grade) AS SELECT S.name, E.grade FROM Students S, Enrolled E WHERE S.sid = E.sid and S.age<21 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Views and Security ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-2

View Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-3

Example Queries ,[object Object],Slide No:L5-4 ,[object Object],create view all_customer as ( select branch_name, customer_name from depositor, account where depositor.account_number = account.account_number ) union ( select branch_name, customer_name from borrower, loan where borrower.loan_number = loan.loan_number ) select customer_name from all_customer where branch_name = 'Perryridge'

Uses of Views ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-5

Processing of Views ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-6

View Expansion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-7

With Clause ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-8

Complex Queries using With Clause ,[object Object],Slide No:L5-9 with branch_total ( branch _ name , value ) as select branch _ name , sum ( balance ) from account group by branch _ name with branch _ total _ avg ( value ) as select avg ( value ) from branch _ total select branch _ name from branch _ total , branch _ total_avg where branch_total.value >= branch_total_avg.value ,[object Object],[object Object]

Update of a View ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L5-10

Formal Relational Query Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-1

Preliminaries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-2

Example Instances ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-3 R1 S1 S2

Relational Algebra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-4

Projection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-5

Selection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-6

Union, Intersection, Set-Difference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-7

Cross-Product ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-8 ,[object Object]

Joins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-9

Joins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-10

Division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-11

Examples of Division A/B Slide No:L6-12 A B1 B2 B3 A/B1 A/B2 A/B3

Expressing A/B Using Basic Operators ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L6-13 ,[object Object],A/B: all disqualified tuples

Find names of sailors who’ve reserved boat #103 ,[object Object],Slide No:L6-14 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Find names of sailors who’ve reserved a red boat ,[object Object],Slide No:L6-15 A query optimizer can find this, given the first solution! ,[object Object]

Find sailors who’ve reserved a red or a green boat ,[object Object],Slide No:L6-16 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Find sailors who’ve reserved a red and a green boat ,[object Object],Slide No:L6-17

Relational Calculus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L7-1

Domain Relational Calculus ,[object Object],Slide No:L7-2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DRC Formulas ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L7-3

Free and Bound Variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L8-1 ,[object Object]

Find all sailors with a rating above 7 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L8-2

Find sailors rated > 7 who have reserved boat #103 ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L8-3

Find sailors rated > 7 who’ve reserved a red boat ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L8-4

Find sailors who’ve reserved all boats ,[object Object],Slide No:L8-5

Find sailors who’ve reserved all boats (again!) ,[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L8-6 .....

Unsafe Queries, Expressive Power ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Slide No:L8-7

Unit03 dbms

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (6)

Similar to Unit03 dbms

Similar to Unit03 dbms (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Unit03 dbms

Editor's Notes