This document provides guidance on finding peer-reviewed scholarly sources using databases available through Truman State University. It recommends starting with the library website and clicking the "Articles & Research Databases" link to access resources like EBSCOhost. EBSCOhost allows limiting searches to specific clinical or interpretive disciplines. The document provides an example search on maternal mortality disparities, demonstrating how to select relevant databases, apply limiters, choose keywords, and evaluate sources for disciplinary fit and peer review status. Other options for finding sources beyond EBSCOhost are also mentioned.

1. Finding sources using searchable databases How to use resources available to Truman students to find peer-reviewed scholarly articles in clinical and interpretive disciplines

2. Your student fees include access to: Pickler library web site Subscription-only research databases Numerous subscription-only e-journals Hard copies of hundreds of scholarly journals Easy to use if you’re in town

3. To begin researching a topic, Go to the library web site and click the “Articles & Research Databases” link Scroll to the bottom of the screen to view Help Guides covering Connecting to databases from home Explaining types of articles (scholarly, popular, trade) Keyword searching basics (use of AND, NOT, OR, etc.) Citation tools

4. Under “Starting points for research in most subjects” You’ll find a link to the EBSCOHost family of databases under the “Background Information” heading EBSCOHost is a good resource when you need access to peer-reviewed articles from multiple disciplines Subscription-only, but available to you using the VPN and your Truman username/password

5. Click “EBSCOHost” The next screen asks you to choose databases If you’re doing a wide-open search and just need to get a sense of what’s out there, click “Select all” then “Continue” If you’ve chosen a discipline or two and want to search within it/them, click the box next to a database appropriate to the discipline then click “Continue”

6. Databases often used for JINS 376: For clinical information, Academic Search Elite and CINAHL are very useful Academic Search Elite is a multidisciplinary database and will bring up interpretive as well as clinical sources CINAHL is the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; very clinical and includes multiple health sciences sub-disciplines like nursing, medicine, epidemiology, etc.

7. Interpretive databases vary Depends on what kind of interpretive discipline you’ve selected Academic Search Elite is multidisciplinary; includes lots of humanities and social sciences journals

8. For specific humanities disciplines per Choi & Pak: History Academic Search Elite America: History & Life Historical Abstracts Languages Academic Search Elite MLA International Bibliography

9. Humanities, continued: Music Academic Search Elite RILM Abstracts of Music Literature Visual arts Academic Search Elite Theatre Academic Search Elite

10. Humanities, continued: Communication Academic Search Elite Communication & Mass Media Complete Philosophy Academic Search Elite Philosopher’s Index

11. For specific social sciences disciplines per Choi & Pak: No psychology for this project; issues of epistemological distance Sociology Academic Search Elite SocINDEX with Full Text Economics Academic Search Elite SocINDEX EconLit

12. Social sciences, continued: Political Sciences Academic Search Elite SocINDEX International Studies Academic Search Elite SocINDEX Theology Academic Search Elite ATLA Religion Database Philosopher’s Index

13. Once you’ve selected databases, it’s time to search. Two things to consider: Limiters Keywords

14. Limiters You’ll see a green-framed box labeled “Search Options” with a “Limit your results” subheading. Many databases feature a “Peer Reviewed” limit option. Definitely click that one. Many databases feature a “Linked Full Text” limit option. Don’t click that one on your first round of searches. You might need it later, though.

15. Limiters Clicking “English Language” will omit all foreign-language articles. Setting date limits might be wise for clinical searches; health sciences info becomes obsolete fairly quickly. Some databases will allow you to narrow your search to just journal articles.

16. Keywords Choosing keywords is an amazingly important part of doing research. Start with whatever seems obvious or intuitive to you. Skim citations and abstracts for new terms that might make better keywords.

17. Keywords Play around with different keywords. If one term fails to bring up good citations for you, try something else (even if it seems far-fetched). Once you’ve started finding articles, try combining terms to narrow the focus of your search to fit your project.

18. For example-- Say I had decided to use nursing (falls within the “clinical medicine” branch of health sciences per Choi & Pak) and sociology (social sciences) for my paper. I’m interested in disparities in maternal mortality rates broken down by socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic identity in the U.S.

19. I go to EBSCOHost and select databases: CINAHL and SocINDEX I click the “Peer Reviewed” limiter I click “English language” and select “Journal article” as publication type for CINAHL I select “Periodical” as publication type for SocINDEX

20. Now I know that all the results of this search will be peer-reviewed and will have been published in periodicals/journals (as opposed to being dissertations)

21. Where to start with keywords? I start by using fairly broad terms. I type “maternal mortality and disparities” in the search term box (without using quotation marks). This brings up 46 results.

22. I want to make sure I stick within my selected disciplines. I check the names of journals in my results list for the words “nursing” or “sociology.” The third result was published in the Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing. Sounds good. The title of the article is, “Identifying health disparities and social inequities affecting childbearing women and infants.”

23. This looks promising. I click on the article title for the full citation. The abstract and subject headings suggest this is exactly the kind of thing I could use. It’s not full-text in CINAHL or SocINDEX. I click “Check for full text in Pickler Memorial Library.”

24. There are several possible outcomes to checking for other full-text options. The item might not be available full-text unless I request it through Inter-Library Loan (ILL) which costs a bit and may take too much time. The item may be available full-text in the bound periodicals in Pickler, which is great if I can get to campus to make a photocopy. The item may be available through Pickler’s subscription to an electronic version of the journal or the article’s inclusion in another database, like JSTOR.

25. The link opens a new tab in my web browser. There’s a “360 Link” logo in the upper left-hand corner. I see an image of the journal cover, the abstract again, and links to download the article in either HTML or PDF format. I click “PDF” and get a full-text pdf of the article.

26. Now I double-check the article: Does it work with my topic? Yes; the interplay of social and physical factors in determining disparities in maternal mortality rates is exactly what I’m interested in. Does it work with my disciplines? Yes; the journal has “nursing” in the name and the first author has “RN” listed among her credentials. Is it from a peer-reviewed scholarly source? Yes; because of the way I set my limiters, I know all my results should be peer-reviewed journal articles.

27. I need two more like that from nursing and three related articles from sociology. I find two more relevant-looking articles published in nursing journals, one of which I can get by going to Pickler and one I’ll have to request through ILL. I look for articles from SocINDEX and see one full-text from the Journal of Women’s Health, which I recognize as an interdisciplinary journal.

28. Does this one meet my needs? Journal of Women’s Health is an interdisciplinary journal, so I can’t tell what discipline is represented by the journal title. I check the authors’ credentials and affiliations, according to the article: Of eleven authors, five have “MD” behind their name and those who don’t are affiliated with health agencies.

29. Unless I want to re-define what clinical discipline I’m using, this article won’t work. The authors are neither nurses nor sociologists. The fact that the article discusses social factors is insufficient; I need work that has been reviewed and accepted as sociology by scholars acknowledged as experts in sociology.

30. I find an article that looks great. The title is “Political History and Disparities in Safe Motherhood Between Guatemala and Honduras.” It was published in the journal Population & Development Review, which seems like it might include some sociological work. It’s available full-text.

31. No credentials or affiliations given for the authors, though. I skim the content of the article– it seems useful, even if I’m more interested in disparities within the U.S. It’s about how structural issues and health interventions interact. I google the authors’ names to determine what their disciplinary affiliations are.

32. Two authors: Jeremy Shiffman is an associate professor of public administration at Syracuse University. His PhD is in political science. Ana Lucia Garces del Valle appears to have authored materials about public health policy in Guatemala, but nothing about her academic affiliations appears in English. I have to either do without this article or switch to political science instead of sociology.

33. Another article from the journal Society looks promising. No author given; appears to be an article by the editors. Wikipedia defines Society as a sociological journal, but the journal’s own website describes it as an interdisciplinary journal for the social sciences. I’m dissatisfied; I try searching SocINDEX using different keywords. Maybe “maternal mortality and disparities” is too clinical.

34. New keywords, same database: I try using “maternal health and disparities” (again, no quotation marks) searching just SocINDEX using peer-reviewed/journal article limiters. 36 results; the third one on the list is “Pregnant and Poor in the Suburb: The Experiences of Economically Disadvantaged Women of Color with Prenatal Services in a Wealthy Suburban County.”

35. Works for topic and peer-reviewed; does it work for discipline? Published in a journal called Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare The first author is affiliated with a school of medicine, but the other four authors are affiliated with schools of social work or social welfare Available full-text and has a lengthy list of references I can mine for more sources

36. Other options besides EBSCOHost If there is an academic library near you, check with a librarian there to find out what resources you can access locally. Google Scholar may provide appropriate material, but you will be responsible for ensuring that your articles are genuinely peer-reviewed.