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In the name of ALLAH, the
most merciful and
beneficent.

1
Group Members
 Muhammad Imran Shareef ( GL )
 Muhammad Hassan Rasheed
 Hafiz Ali Raza
 Abdul Munam
 Awais Ghaffar
 Muhammad Kamil

2
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol

3
Simple Network Management Protocol
¤ SNMP is "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP
networks”.

¤ Devices that support SNMP include routers, switches, Servers,
workstations, printers, modem racks, and more.
¤ SNMP is used to monitor network-attached devices.

¤ SNMP is a component of the Internet Protocol Suite as defined by
the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
4
SNMP concept

5
SNMP & Network Management History
 1983 - TCP/IP replaces ARPANET at U.S. Dept. Of Defense,
effective Birth of internet.
 First model for net management – HEMS – High Level Entity
Management system ( RFCs 1021,1022,1024,1076)
 1987 – CMIP - Common Management information protocol , and
CMOT ( CMIP over TCP) for the actual network protocol for use on
the internet.
 Nov 1987- SGMP – Simple Gateway Monitoring protocol ( RFC 1028)
 Aug 1989 – Internet Standard Network Management Frame work (
RFCs 1065, 1066, 1067)

6
SNMP & Network Management History
 Apr 1989 – SNMP promoted to recommended status as the de fecto
TCP/IP network management frame work ( RFC 1098 )
 June 1989 – IAB committee decides to let SNMP and CMOT develop
separately
 May 1990 – IAB promotes SNMP to a standard protocol with a
recommended status ( RFC 1157 )
 Mar 1991 – Format of MIBs and traps defined ( RFCs 1212, 1215)
 TCP/IP MIB definition revised to create SNMP V1 ( RFC 1213 )

7
Components of network management on the Internet

8
SNMP Framework

Protocol: “Manager-Agent” interaction
BER: Basic Encoding Rules

MIB: Management Information Base
(Database on managed devices)



SMI: Structure of Management Information
(Rules of describing management information

9
SMI : Structure of Management
Information
 SMI defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object
types and showing how to encode objects and values.
 SMI does not define the number of objects an entity should manage
or name the objects to be managed
 define the association between the objects and their values.

10
SMI Data Types (Examples)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

INTEGER -- signed 32-bit integer
OCTET STRING
OBJECT IDENTIFIER (OID)
NULL -- not actually data type, but data value
IpAddress -- OCTET STRING of size 4, in network byte order (B.E.)
Counter -- unsigned 32-bit integer (rolls over)
Gauge -- unsigned 32-bit integer (will top out and stay there)
TimeTicks -- unsigned 32-bit integer (rolls over after 497 days)
Opaque -- used to create new data types not in SNMPv1

• DateAndTime, DisplayString, MacAddress, PhysAddress, TimeInterval, TimeStamp, TruthValue,
VariablePointer -- textual conventions used as types
11
MIB : Management Information Base
 MIB creates a collection of named objects, their types, and their
relationships to each other in an entity to be managed.
 MIB is the definition of “objects” that should be provided on each
managed node by the SNMP “agent”.
 An “object” is a quantity or a field that describes one functional
aspect of a device.
 MIB objects are arranged in “groups”
 Some groups relate to “layer” of the protocol stack.
 Other groups relate to the system as a “whole”
12
MIB

13
BER – Basic Encoding Rules
 The relationship between ASN.1 and BER
 parallels that of source code and machine code.
 CCITT X.209 specifies the Basic Encoding Rules
 All SNMP messages are converted / serialized from ASN.1 notation
into smaller, binary data (BER)

14
Features of SNMP
¤ Its design is simple , making it easier to implement on network of
any size.
¤ Its simple design makes it easy for a user to program variables
they would like to have monitored.
¤ It is popular and extensible.
 A device manufacturer can easily add new registers for
monitoring

15
Key Components of SNMP
¤ An SNMP-managed network consists of three key
components.
 Managed device
 Agent — software which runs on managed devices
 Network management system (NMS) — software which
runs on the manager

16
Managed Device
¤ A managed device is a network node that implements an
SNMP interface.
¤ It allows unidirectional (read-only) or bidirectional access
to node-specific information.
¤ Managed devices exchange node-specific information
with the NMSs.
¤ The managed devices can be routers, servers, switches,
bridges, hubs, IP telephones, IP video cameras ,printers
etc.
17
SNMP Agent
¤ An agent is a network-management software module that resides on
a managed device.
¤ An agent has local knowledge of management information.

18
SNMP Components

19
Network Management System
 A network management system (NMS) executes applications that
monitor and control managed devices.
 NMSs provide the bulk of the processing And memory resources
required for network management.
 One or more NMSs may exist on any managed network

20
NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
 We can say that the functions performed by a network
management system can be divided into five broad
categories:
 Configuration management
 Fault management
 Performance management
 Security management
 Accounting management

21
Functions of a network management system

22
Basic Task of NMS
 Configuration management
 Keeping track of device settings and how they function

 Fault management
 Dealing with problems and emergencies in networks
( Router stops routing , Server loses power etc)

 Performance Management
 How smoothly is the network running?
 Can it handle the work load it currently has?
23
24
Proxy Agents
¤ Proxy Agents extend the capabilities of SNMP by allowing it:







Manage a device that cannot support an SNMP agent
Manage a device that supports a non-SNMP management agent
Allow a non-SNMP management system to access an SNMP agent
Provide firewall-type security to other SNMP agents
Translate between different formats of SNMP messages
Consolidate multiple managed nodes into a single network address

25
SNMP Messages
 Get-Request
 Sent by manager requesting specific data from agent

 Get-Next-Request
 Sent by manager requesting data on the next MO to the one specified

 Set-Request
 Initializes or changes the value of network element

 Get-Response
 Agent responds with data for get and set requests from the manager

 Trap
 Alarm generated by an agent

26
27
SNMP Operation
 SNMP operates in the Application Layer of the OSI model.
 The SNMP agent receives requests on UDP port 161.
 The manager may send requests from any available source port to port
161 in the agent.
 The agent response will be sent back to the source port on the manager.
 The manager receives Traps and InformRequests on port 162.
 The agent may generate notifications from any available port.
 When used with Transport Layer Security or Datagram Transport Layer
Security requests are received on port 10161 and traps are sent to port
10162.[3]
28
SNMP Versions
¤ Two major versions SNMPV1, SNMPV2
¤SNMPV1 is the recommended standard
¤SNMPV2 has become split into:
 SNMPV2U – SNMP with user based security
 SNMPV2* - SNMP with user based security and additional features
 SNMPV2C – SNMPV2 Without security

29
SNMP Versions
 SNMPv1 specifies five core protocol data units (PDUs). Two other
PDUs, GetBulkRequest and InformRequest were added in SNMPv2 and
carried over to SNMPv3.
 All SNMP PDUs are constructed as follows:

Ip
Header

UDP
Header

Version

Community

PDUType

Request id

Error
Status

Error Index

Variable
bindings

30
SNMP V1
 Version 1 :
 SNMP version 1 is the initial implementation of the SNMP protocol.
 SNMPv1 operates over protocols such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet
Protocol
 SNMPv1 is widely used and is the de facto network-management protocol in the Internet
community
 The first RFCs for SNMP, now known as SNMPv1, appeared in 1988:
 Version 1 has been criticized for its poor security.
 Authentication of clients is performed only by a "community string", in effect a type of
password, which is transmitted in clear text.
 '80s design of SNMP V1 was done by a group of collaborators who viewed the officially
sponsored OSI/IETF/NSF (National Science Foundation) effort (HEMS/CMIS/CMIP) as
both implementable in the computing platforms of the time as well as potentially
unworkable.
31
SNMP V2
 SNMPv2 (RFC 1441–RFC 1452), revises version 1
 Improvements in the areas of performance, security, confidentiality,
and manager-to-manager communications.
 It introduced Get Bulk Request, an alternative of Get Nex Requests for
retrieving large amounts of management data in a single request.
 The new party-based security system in SNMPv2, viewed by many as
overly complex, was not widely accepted.

32
SNMP V3
 Version 3 :
 Although SNMPv3 makes no changes to the protocol aside from the addition of cryptographic
security
 it looks much different due to new textual conventions, concepts, and terminology.
 SNMPv3 primarily added security and remote configuration enhancements to SNMP.
 Security has been the biggest weakness of SNMP since the beginning.
 Authentication in SNMP Versions 1 and 2 amounts to nothing more than a password (community
string) sent in clear text between a manager and agent.
 Each SNMPv3 message contains security parameters which are encoded as an octet string.
 The meaning of these security parameters depends on the security model being used.
 In practice, SNMP implementations often support multiple versions: typically SNMPv1, SNMPv2c,
and SNMPv3.

33
Advantages of using SNMP
¤ Standardized
¤ Universally supported
¤ Extendible
¤ Portable
¤ Allows distributed management access
¤ Light weighted protocol

34
Disadvantages of SNMP
 Reducing network bandwidth
 some large security gaps
 largest security problems
 privacy of data
 authentication
 access control

 so simple that the information it deals with is neither detailed nor
well-organized enough to deal with the expanding networks

35
SNMP Architecture and model
Network management

Organization Model

Information Model

Communication Model

Functional Model

36
SNMP & The OSI Model
7 Application Layer Management and Agent APIs
SNMP
6 Presentation Layer
ASN.1 and BER
5
Session Layer
RPC and NetBIOS
4 Transport Layer
TCP and UDP
3
Network Layer
IP and IPX
2 Data Link Layer
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI
1
Physical Layer

37
Ports & UDP
¤ SNMP uses User Datagram protocol (UDP) as the transport
mechanism for SNMP message

Ethernet
Frame

IP packet

UDP datagram

SNMP Message

¤ Like FTP, SNMP uses two well-known ports to operate
 UDP Port 161 – SNMP Message
 UDP Port 162– SNMP Trap Message
38
Languages of SNMP
¤ Structure of Management Information ( SMI)
Specifies the format used for defining managed objects that are accessed via the SNMP
protocol

¤ Abstract Syntax Notation ( ASN .1)
Used to define the format of SNMP message and managed objects( MIB modules

¤ Basic Encoding Rules ( BER )
Used to encode the SNMP message into format suitable for transmission across a network

39
THANK YOU
40

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snmp

  • 1. In the name of ALLAH, the most merciful and beneficent. 1
  • 2. Group Members  Muhammad Imran Shareef ( GL )  Muhammad Hassan Rasheed  Hafiz Ali Raza  Abdul Munam  Awais Ghaffar  Muhammad Kamil 2
  • 4. Simple Network Management Protocol ¤ SNMP is "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks”. ¤ Devices that support SNMP include routers, switches, Servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more. ¤ SNMP is used to monitor network-attached devices. ¤ SNMP is a component of the Internet Protocol Suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). 4
  • 6. SNMP & Network Management History  1983 - TCP/IP replaces ARPANET at U.S. Dept. Of Defense, effective Birth of internet.  First model for net management – HEMS – High Level Entity Management system ( RFCs 1021,1022,1024,1076)  1987 – CMIP - Common Management information protocol , and CMOT ( CMIP over TCP) for the actual network protocol for use on the internet.  Nov 1987- SGMP – Simple Gateway Monitoring protocol ( RFC 1028)  Aug 1989 – Internet Standard Network Management Frame work ( RFCs 1065, 1066, 1067) 6
  • 7. SNMP & Network Management History  Apr 1989 – SNMP promoted to recommended status as the de fecto TCP/IP network management frame work ( RFC 1098 )  June 1989 – IAB committee decides to let SNMP and CMOT develop separately  May 1990 – IAB promotes SNMP to a standard protocol with a recommended status ( RFC 1157 )  Mar 1991 – Format of MIBs and traps defined ( RFCs 1212, 1215)  TCP/IP MIB definition revised to create SNMP V1 ( RFC 1213 ) 7
  • 8. Components of network management on the Internet 8
  • 9. SNMP Framework Protocol: “Manager-Agent” interaction BER: Basic Encoding Rules MIB: Management Information Base (Database on managed devices)   SMI: Structure of Management Information (Rules of describing management information 9
  • 10. SMI : Structure of Management Information  SMI defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object types and showing how to encode objects and values.  SMI does not define the number of objects an entity should manage or name the objects to be managed  define the association between the objects and their values. 10
  • 11. SMI Data Types (Examples) • • • • • • • • • INTEGER -- signed 32-bit integer OCTET STRING OBJECT IDENTIFIER (OID) NULL -- not actually data type, but data value IpAddress -- OCTET STRING of size 4, in network byte order (B.E.) Counter -- unsigned 32-bit integer (rolls over) Gauge -- unsigned 32-bit integer (will top out and stay there) TimeTicks -- unsigned 32-bit integer (rolls over after 497 days) Opaque -- used to create new data types not in SNMPv1 • DateAndTime, DisplayString, MacAddress, PhysAddress, TimeInterval, TimeStamp, TruthValue, VariablePointer -- textual conventions used as types 11
  • 12. MIB : Management Information Base  MIB creates a collection of named objects, their types, and their relationships to each other in an entity to be managed.  MIB is the definition of “objects” that should be provided on each managed node by the SNMP “agent”.  An “object” is a quantity or a field that describes one functional aspect of a device.  MIB objects are arranged in “groups”  Some groups relate to “layer” of the protocol stack.  Other groups relate to the system as a “whole” 12
  • 14. BER – Basic Encoding Rules  The relationship between ASN.1 and BER  parallels that of source code and machine code.  CCITT X.209 specifies the Basic Encoding Rules  All SNMP messages are converted / serialized from ASN.1 notation into smaller, binary data (BER) 14
  • 15. Features of SNMP ¤ Its design is simple , making it easier to implement on network of any size. ¤ Its simple design makes it easy for a user to program variables they would like to have monitored. ¤ It is popular and extensible.  A device manufacturer can easily add new registers for monitoring 15
  • 16. Key Components of SNMP ¤ An SNMP-managed network consists of three key components.  Managed device  Agent — software which runs on managed devices  Network management system (NMS) — software which runs on the manager 16
  • 17. Managed Device ¤ A managed device is a network node that implements an SNMP interface. ¤ It allows unidirectional (read-only) or bidirectional access to node-specific information. ¤ Managed devices exchange node-specific information with the NMSs. ¤ The managed devices can be routers, servers, switches, bridges, hubs, IP telephones, IP video cameras ,printers etc. 17
  • 18. SNMP Agent ¤ An agent is a network-management software module that resides on a managed device. ¤ An agent has local knowledge of management information. 18
  • 20. Network Management System  A network management system (NMS) executes applications that monitor and control managed devices.  NMSs provide the bulk of the processing And memory resources required for network management.  One or more NMSs may exist on any managed network 20
  • 21. NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  We can say that the functions performed by a network management system can be divided into five broad categories:  Configuration management  Fault management  Performance management  Security management  Accounting management 21
  • 22. Functions of a network management system 22
  • 23. Basic Task of NMS  Configuration management  Keeping track of device settings and how they function  Fault management  Dealing with problems and emergencies in networks ( Router stops routing , Server loses power etc)  Performance Management  How smoothly is the network running?  Can it handle the work load it currently has? 23
  • 24. 24
  • 25. Proxy Agents ¤ Proxy Agents extend the capabilities of SNMP by allowing it:       Manage a device that cannot support an SNMP agent Manage a device that supports a non-SNMP management agent Allow a non-SNMP management system to access an SNMP agent Provide firewall-type security to other SNMP agents Translate between different formats of SNMP messages Consolidate multiple managed nodes into a single network address 25
  • 26. SNMP Messages  Get-Request  Sent by manager requesting specific data from agent  Get-Next-Request  Sent by manager requesting data on the next MO to the one specified  Set-Request  Initializes or changes the value of network element  Get-Response  Agent responds with data for get and set requests from the manager  Trap  Alarm generated by an agent 26
  • 27. 27
  • 28. SNMP Operation  SNMP operates in the Application Layer of the OSI model.  The SNMP agent receives requests on UDP port 161.  The manager may send requests from any available source port to port 161 in the agent.  The agent response will be sent back to the source port on the manager.  The manager receives Traps and InformRequests on port 162.  The agent may generate notifications from any available port.  When used with Transport Layer Security or Datagram Transport Layer Security requests are received on port 10161 and traps are sent to port 10162.[3] 28
  • 29. SNMP Versions ¤ Two major versions SNMPV1, SNMPV2 ¤SNMPV1 is the recommended standard ¤SNMPV2 has become split into:  SNMPV2U – SNMP with user based security  SNMPV2* - SNMP with user based security and additional features  SNMPV2C – SNMPV2 Without security 29
  • 30. SNMP Versions  SNMPv1 specifies five core protocol data units (PDUs). Two other PDUs, GetBulkRequest and InformRequest were added in SNMPv2 and carried over to SNMPv3.  All SNMP PDUs are constructed as follows: Ip Header UDP Header Version Community PDUType Request id Error Status Error Index Variable bindings 30
  • 31. SNMP V1  Version 1 :  SNMP version 1 is the initial implementation of the SNMP protocol.  SNMPv1 operates over protocols such as User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Protocol  SNMPv1 is widely used and is the de facto network-management protocol in the Internet community  The first RFCs for SNMP, now known as SNMPv1, appeared in 1988:  Version 1 has been criticized for its poor security.  Authentication of clients is performed only by a "community string", in effect a type of password, which is transmitted in clear text.  '80s design of SNMP V1 was done by a group of collaborators who viewed the officially sponsored OSI/IETF/NSF (National Science Foundation) effort (HEMS/CMIS/CMIP) as both implementable in the computing platforms of the time as well as potentially unworkable. 31
  • 32. SNMP V2  SNMPv2 (RFC 1441–RFC 1452), revises version 1  Improvements in the areas of performance, security, confidentiality, and manager-to-manager communications.  It introduced Get Bulk Request, an alternative of Get Nex Requests for retrieving large amounts of management data in a single request.  The new party-based security system in SNMPv2, viewed by many as overly complex, was not widely accepted. 32
  • 33. SNMP V3  Version 3 :  Although SNMPv3 makes no changes to the protocol aside from the addition of cryptographic security  it looks much different due to new textual conventions, concepts, and terminology.  SNMPv3 primarily added security and remote configuration enhancements to SNMP.  Security has been the biggest weakness of SNMP since the beginning.  Authentication in SNMP Versions 1 and 2 amounts to nothing more than a password (community string) sent in clear text between a manager and agent.  Each SNMPv3 message contains security parameters which are encoded as an octet string.  The meaning of these security parameters depends on the security model being used.  In practice, SNMP implementations often support multiple versions: typically SNMPv1, SNMPv2c, and SNMPv3. 33
  • 34. Advantages of using SNMP ¤ Standardized ¤ Universally supported ¤ Extendible ¤ Portable ¤ Allows distributed management access ¤ Light weighted protocol 34
  • 35. Disadvantages of SNMP  Reducing network bandwidth  some large security gaps  largest security problems  privacy of data  authentication  access control  so simple that the information it deals with is neither detailed nor well-organized enough to deal with the expanding networks 35
  • 36. SNMP Architecture and model Network management Organization Model Information Model Communication Model Functional Model 36
  • 37. SNMP & The OSI Model 7 Application Layer Management and Agent APIs SNMP 6 Presentation Layer ASN.1 and BER 5 Session Layer RPC and NetBIOS 4 Transport Layer TCP and UDP 3 Network Layer IP and IPX 2 Data Link Layer Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI 1 Physical Layer 37
  • 38. Ports & UDP ¤ SNMP uses User Datagram protocol (UDP) as the transport mechanism for SNMP message Ethernet Frame IP packet UDP datagram SNMP Message ¤ Like FTP, SNMP uses two well-known ports to operate  UDP Port 161 – SNMP Message  UDP Port 162– SNMP Trap Message 38
  • 39. Languages of SNMP ¤ Structure of Management Information ( SMI) Specifies the format used for defining managed objects that are accessed via the SNMP protocol ¤ Abstract Syntax Notation ( ASN .1) Used to define the format of SNMP message and managed objects( MIB modules ¤ Basic Encoding Rules ( BER ) Used to encode the SNMP message into format suitable for transmission across a network 39

Notas do Editor

  1. GatewayA device that connects two or more networks with different types of protocolsIntelligent deviceConvert data according to the protocol