Oppenheimer Film Discussion for Philosophy and Film
Wissenstechnologie I
1. Wissenstechnologie WS 08/09
Michael Granitzer
IWM TU Graz & Know-Center
Know Center
http://kmi tugraz at
http://kmi.tugraz.at http://www.know-center.at
http://www know center at
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Austria License.
To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/at/.
2. Today
Organization
Overview, Motivation and Goals of this lecture
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3. Organization
Lecturer
• Michael Granitzer(mgranitzer@tugraz.at)
Topics
p
Semantic Web & Top Down Knowledge Modelling
Web 2.0 & Bottom Up Knowledge Creation
Homepage:
http://kmi.tugraz.at/blogs/wissenstechnologie
Wordpress Blog
News and slides for the lecture
Slildes will be in English, lectures as needed
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4. Organization
Weekly lectures, no mandatory attendancy (Keine
Anwesenheitspflicht)
Interrupt me on questions
Mandatory attendance (Anwesenheitspflicht) for guest lectures
& students presentation (mixed English/German)
If you can not participate, write me an e-mail
Lectures from 10:15 to around 11:45. Rest is used for practical
p
exercise
News will be on the blog ( use RSS!)
Enroll for the course: Deadline is 15.10.08
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5. Organization
Feed Reader
Free Feed-Reader
Google Reader
http://www.google.de/reader
p // g g /
Mozilla Thunderbird
http://www.mozilla.com/thunderbird/
Omea Reader
http://www.jetbrains.com/omea/reader/
Others
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_feed_aggregators
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6. Organization – Practical Excercise
Practical/technical or theoretical working out of particular topics in groups
of 2-4
f
Presentation of your results in December/Januar
Topics
p
Presented next week
Announced also on the blog
http://kmi.tugraz.at/blogs/wissenstechnologie/ubungsthemen/
ttp // tug a at/b ogs/ sse stec o og e/ubu gst e e /
Passwort: wt08
Own proposals are possible as long as they fit the topic of the
lecture
Details: http://kmi.tugraz.at/blogs/wissenstechnologie/prufungsmodus/
You can cancel your participation in this course during the entire
course of this semester (will not result in a negative grade)
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7. Organization – Grading
Theoretical Exercise
Gather relevant literature for a specific topic using
Bibsonomy (bibsonomy.org) and compile an overview on
the topic (10 %)
– Tag with WT08 UNIQUE_GROUP_TAG
– Make your publications accessible via RSS
Collaboratively write a paper on the relevant literature using
Google Docs (45 %)
– Invite me as viewer (mgrani@gmail com)
(mgrani@gmail.com)
– Paper should be around 8-12 pages depending on the group size
– Not only the content will be judged, but also how it was created
Presentation of the results (45 %)
Make clear who in the group did what 7
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8. Organization – Grading
Technical Exercise
Technical documentation using Google Docs (10%)
– Invite me as viewer (mgrani@gmail.com)
– Requirements definition
– System architecture and software design
– Documentation
Implementation (50%)
Short Presentation of the prototype/solution (40%)
Make clear who in the group did what
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9. Organization – Scheduling
Milestone Theoretical Technical How?
Exercise Exercise
Next Week Topic presentation In the lecture/ on
(8.10.08) the blog
22.10.08 Topic selection and group via E-Mail to me
announcement
24.11.08 Gathering of Requirements Bibsonomy/ Google
relevant Literature Definition finished Docs
finished
11 12 08 &
11.12.08 Oral t ti
O l presentation O l presentation
Oral t ti
08.01.09 of results & of results &
feedback from my feedback from my
side side
29.01.09 Delivery of final Delivery of final Via Google Docs
results results
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11. Today
Organisatorisches
Overview, Motivation and Goals of this lecture
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12. Agenda
The digital world (wide web) today
Our problem: the semantic gap
S l ti
Solution S
Semantic W b !?
ti Web
Solution „Web 2.0“/Social Web!?
How to get there…
The lectures agenda
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13. The digital world (wide web) today
It s
It’s structure
The web is a bow tie
Nature 405, 113(11 May 2000)
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doi:10.1038/35012155
doi:10 1038/35012155
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14. The digital world (wide web) today
It’s size
Information growth per year
(including print, film, optical etc.)
Wachstum
1000 999
900
800
700
600
xabytes
500
Ex
400
300
200
160
100
0 1,6 5
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Jahr 14
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15. The digital world (wide web) today
It’s size
In 2002: 5 Exabytes new information stored
All words ever spoken by mankind
(http://www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/how-much-info-2003)
In 2006 2010: 161 - 998 Exabytes
2006-2010:
http://www.emc.com/about/destination/digital_universe/pdf/Expanding_Digital_Universe_IDC_WhitePaper_022507.pdf
161 exabyte 6 tons of books to read for every human on
earth
998 exabytes: book stack from pluto to earth
¼ of the digital universe in 2006 is orignal content
¼ is contributed by images
Voice accounts for 20%
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16. The digital world (wide web) today
It’s size
The internet is a primer mover for the growth of digital
information
User generated content adds for 75%
g
25% of the digital universe has been created in the
workplaces of organizations
It’s huge!
It grows fast!
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17. The digital world (wide web) today
...and so?
Our brains/abilities did not change that fast
Information/Knowledge Workers spend
14 5 h ki di
14.5 hours a week in reading and answering e-mails
d i il
13.3 hours creating documents
9.6
9 6 hours searching
9.5 hours analyzing information
95% of the digital universe is unstructured. in organizations
g g
its slightly better by having “only” 80% of unstructured
information
But: unstructured information is hard to process
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18. The Semantic Gap
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19. The Semantic Gap
p
http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_McCartney
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20. Semantic Gap
Knowledge Ideas
thoughts
processable
Semantic Ontologies
Concepts Human
p
proces
Information Documents
Metadata
ssable
Data Binary Data
Machine
Video Streams 20
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21. Web 2.0 aka the Social Web
2.0?
What Is Web 2 0?
Technical: “Web 2.0 … The Machine is Us/ing Us“
htt // t b / t h? 6 P4 k0EOE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE
Businesses: „Web 2.0 Remix“
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LcIDhJsOl0A
Tim O'Reilly on What is Web 2.0?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQibri7gpLM
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22. Web 2.0
What to conclude?
Web 2.0
New kind of internet businesses
New services and mashup of services
New (more concrete?) user generated content
Collaboration & communication
Prosumer = Consumer + Producer
What else?
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23. Web 2.0 Design Patterns
The Long Tail
Smaller communities are the mass of people (e.g. Amazon.com)
Data is the Next Intel Inside
Smart applications are needing smart data (GMail, Amazon Reviews
und Recommender, vgl. BarnesAndNoble.com)
Users Add Value
User generated content and usage data (vgl. GoogleMaps, Amazon
ASIN, usw.)
Network Effects by Default
Exploiting community effects for satisfying the community/increasing
the community (avalance effect)
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htt // ill / b/ / ill /ti / /2005/09/30/ h t i b 20 ht l? 5
http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=5
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24. Web 2.0 Design Patterns
Some Rights Reserved
Reuse of data, (Creative Commons, Open Source)
The Perpetual Beta
Continuous development as the community needs it(vgl. Office 10, 11,
12 -> Flickr)
Cooperate, Don t
Cooperate Don‘t Control
Aggregation of content and mashups
Software above the Level of the Single Device
g
Combining different devices into one application (e.g. PC and Smart
Phones, PDA, Tablets etc. )
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htt // ill / b/ / ill /ti / /2005/09/30/ h t i b 20 ht l? 5
http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html?page=5
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25. Web 2.0
How does it help?
Pros:
Social Bookmarking & Tagging: Adding Metadata to existing
Information
Collaborative Creation of Information: Wikipedia
Social Search: Connecting people
Context based search & recommender systems
Specialised services and mashup of services
Cons:
Increase in information growth
Again information is unstructured
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26. Semantic Web Video
Berners Lee
Tim Berners-Lee on the Semantic Web
http://www.technologyreview.com/video/semantic
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27. Semantic Web
Web of data
Decentral
Intelligent A
I t lli t Agent
t
Increase in information quality
Let the machine do the hard work…
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28. Search in the WWW
An example
Image search for „Apache“
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29. The Problem of Meaning
Searching for character sequences, not for
concepts
Syntactic search does not recognice
Synonyms: different syntax, equal semantic
(e.g. „money“,“cash“, „dollars“)
Homonyme: equal syntax, diff
l different semantic (
i (e.g.
„Apache “)
(e.g.
Meaning in a particular context (e g linux and
windows as operating systems)
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30. The Problem of Relationships
No Meaning of Realtionships
Who tried to shoot Mr. Burns in „Who shot Mr. Burns? Part 1“
(
(6. Season))
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31. Definition „Semantic Web“
The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in
which information is given well-defined meaning, better
enabling computers and people to work in cooperations.
[Berners-Lee et al. 2001]
http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=00048144-
10D2 1C70 84A9809EC588EF21
10D2-1C70-84A9809EC588EF21
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32. The Vision as Application Scenario
Plan a trip via the internet using your personal agent
Agent searches automatically for
Suitable flight
Suitable hotels
Alternative routes
Also, the software agent tells you why it made this decision!
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33. Intelligent Web = Semantic Web + Social Web
Web 3 0 = Semantic Web + Web 2 0 ;)
3.0 2.0
• Semantic Wave Report.
(http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/semantic_wave_2008_free_report.php)
(http://www readwriteweb com/archives/semantic wave 2008 free report php)
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34. Semantic Web
Agenda Inferenz & Reasoning
Semantic W b Services
S ti Web S i
Semantic Search
…
Semantic
Technologies
Semantic Web Stack
W b 2.0
Web 2 0
XML, RDFS, OWL,
Ontology Modelling, Alignment
OWL-DL
& Matching
Ontologies
REST, AJAX, Syndication
, , y
Tagging, Folksonomies
Representation
of Knowledge
Open Linked Data
Ontology L
O t l Learning
i
Text Mining
Information Retrieval
Unstructured
People
Information
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35. Preliminary Agenda
Date
D t Topic
T i
8.10. Semantic Web Stack: From URI‘s to RDF
16.10. Semantic Web Stack (cont‘d): RDF-S, OWL
(cont d): RDF S,
and Description Logic
23.10. Ontology Modelling, Ontology Alignment &
Mapping
30.10. RDF Triple Stores, Query Languages,
6.11. Information Retrieval vs. Semantic Search
13.11. Guest Lectures: Semantic Web Services &
Open Linked Data
20.11. Web 2.0 Part I: Basic Concepts and Ideas,
Folksonomies, Tagging, Microformats etc.
27.11. Web 2.0 Part II: Social Semantic Systems 35
4.12.
4 12 O t l from T t
Learning f
Ontology L i Text
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36. Preliminary Agenda
Date
D t Topic
T i
11.12. Student presentation & feedback
08.01. Student presentation & feedback
15.01. Guest Lectures: Blog Analysis, Relationship
Detection
22.01. Guest Lectures: Context Detection
29.01. Wrap Up: A summary of the semester
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37. Points you should take away from this
lecture
What is the Semantic Web?
What is/is not Web 2.0?
What are the differences between the Semantic
Web and Web 2.0?
What is the need for Web 2.0 and the Semantic
Web?
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38. That‘s it for today…
Thanks for your attention
Questions/comments?
mgranitzer@tugraz.at
i @
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39. License
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution 2.0 Austria License.
To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons org/licenses/by/2 0/at/
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/at/.
Contributors:
Mathias Lux
Peter Scheir
Klaus Tochtermann
Michael Granitzer
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